Deep learning for sea surface temperature applications: A comprehensive bibliometric analysis and methodological approach

This study explored the potential application of deep learning techniques in sea surface temperature (SST) investigations using a mixed method, bibliometric analysis and methodological approach. CiteSpace software was utilized for a bibliometric study on 137 academic publications from 2018 to 2023. Various databases were employed for methodological analysis, which involved examining publications based on models, methodologies, applications and research areas. The data were manually organized in a relational framework of an SQL database. The analysis underscored China's prominence as a leader in the extensive research devoted to this field. The United States of America and the United Kingdom played pivotal roles in providing the essential data that served as the foundation for these studies. Moreover, the long short-term memory (LSTM) algorithm was the predominant computational deep learning algorithm extensively used in this specific context. The analysis highlighted significant knowledge gaps in areas such as SST forecasting, modelling, satellite remote sensing, extreme events and data reconstruction. Future scientists need to show more interest in these and related subjects, while Chinese and American scientists should prioritize paper quality over quantity. Additionally, fostering stronger collaborations between universities and institutions is vital for further advancements. Ultimately, this study offers valuable insights into hotspot research areas and development processes, establishing the foundation for research and suggesting possible avenues for future development. The results of this evaluation serve as an essential guide for researchers and modellers involved in prediction initiatives using deep learning.