{"title":"The Psychology of Intellectual Property","authors":"Gregory N. Mandel","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198826743.003.0036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198826743.003.0036","url":null,"abstract":"The success of intellectual property (IP) systems depends on their ability to influence human behaviour in relation to creativity and innovation. Understanding how people react to and are influenced by intellectual property systems is therefore critical to their design. The psychology of intellectual property is an area rich with opportunities for further exploration using various research methodologies. In particular, this is a field where human subjects research on the design and implementation of intellectual property systems can be of great value. Such approaches can include both laboratory and field experimental designs, and qualitative and quantitative methodologies. The chapter explores these approaches through a survey of research on three broad areas where human psychology plays an outsized role in intellectual property systems: heuristics and biases in intellectual property law, whether and how intellectual property laws motivate creativity, and popular understanding of intellectual property law.","PeriodicalId":440385,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of Intellectual Property Research","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128128819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Property Law and the Intellectual Property Agenda","authors":"M. Grynberg","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198826743.003.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198826743.003.0007","url":null,"abstract":"What can intellectual property (IP) learn from the questions raised by property doctrine? A lot of scholarship addresses the degree to which the two bodies of law cohere in principle, justification, or practice. This chapter surveys some of this well-marked terrain, while suggesting some less detailed areas of the map that might merit more exploration than they have received to date. The most familiar set of questions arise from the contention that IP is or should be considered a form of property, but property law is also a source of doctrines and approaches for limiting the scope of intellectual property rights. Though less emphasized, a concern with information also links the two fields, as many property doctrines may also be considered a form of information management. Finally, conceiving of property doctrine as a system offers another possibility for informing IP scholarship.","PeriodicalId":440385,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of Intellectual Property Research","volume":"221 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122935855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Intellectual Property, Information Science, and Quantitative Legal Analysis","authors":"D. Seng","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198826743.003.0030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198826743.003.0030","url":null,"abstract":"Advancements in data analysis and the growing wealth of data regarding various innovations and their uses make it increasingly feasible to apply robust mathematical, statistical, and computational techniques to empirically investigate phenomena, analyse issues and make policies in intellectual property (IP). This chapter gives a brief outline of the six steps to quantitative legal analysis, namely formulating the research question, conducting a literature review, designing the research methodology, managing the data, analysing the data, and presenting the analysis and conclusions. There is discussion about how information science techniques can improve the processes of methodology design and the collection and management of data when applied to IP matters. This chapter ends with an examination into the possible limitations of the quantitative legal analysis process as applied to legal issues in general and to IP issues in particular, and provides suggestions as to how these may be overcome.","PeriodicalId":440385,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of Intellectual Property Research","volume":"297 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116114444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Intellectual Property and Archaeology: Research Concerns and Considerations","authors":"G. Nicholas, C. Bell","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198826743.003.0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198826743.003.0021","url":null,"abstract":"As archaeology has matured as a discipline, a variety of challenges emerge about the purpose, methods, and products of the enterprise, including intellectual property (IP) concerns pertaining to the products of archaeological research and related heritage control issues. This chapter examines the complex nature of IP in the context of archaeology. The two central questions addressed are: (1) What constitutes IP in the context of archaeology?; and (2) Who has the right to interpret, benefit from, or control access to information and objects from the past, whether they represent one’s own heritage or, more often, someone else’s. These questions are explored through a series of broad themes, coupled with specific examples to illustrate some of the methodological challenges, their consequences, and how IP-related issues can be avoided or at least mitigated. An overarching consideration is the significant differences in how IP and intangible heritage are defined and distinguished in countries where the ancestral population relates to the dominant population today, as contrasted to those where the modern population has come from elsewhere.","PeriodicalId":440385,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of Intellectual Property Research","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134440070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Relationship Between Intellectual Property and Administrative Law","authors":"Laurent Manderieux","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198826743.003.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198826743.003.0008","url":null,"abstract":"Intellectual property and administrative law entertain a long-standing, though ambiguous relationship. Intellectual property rights (IPR) depend on a number of institutions, and primarily from intellectual property offices granting several of them, which fall into the administrative structure of each country. The direct consequence of the relevance of administrative law for the research, analysis, and understanding of intellectual property law is that certain IP-related questions cannot be properly addressed without using the tool provided by administrative law. Indeed, intellectual property and administrative law partly overlap, as both branches of law are nationally characterized and country-specific, changing from country to country, and both have experienced significant changes related to globalization from the national to the international level. The growing regulation of intellectual property at the international level has somehow brought about an expansion of the intersection between intellectual property and administrative law and procedures. Therefore, complete, thorough research on intellectual property law and policy must take into account the conceptual tools and categories elaborated in administrative law.","PeriodicalId":440385,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of Intellectual Property Research","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133551511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Intellectual Property and Privacy Law","authors":"M. Richardson","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198826743.003.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198826743.003.0010","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter explores the intersections between intellectual property (IP) and privacy law. It notes that while the scope of what we may consider to be ‘intellectual property’ continues to expand to cover new creative and innovative practices, so too the meaning and scope of what we may consider to be ‘privacy’—traditionally understood as allowing the individual to enjoy a private sphere free from the public gaze—has come under pressure to expand to address new situations where loss of control over personal information and incursions on personal identity are seen to undermine human dignity and liberty. Thus ‘privacy’ and ‘intellectual property’ become ever more imbricated in our modern digital world, and we can expect to see ever more interchange between the laws that regulate these domains.","PeriodicalId":440385,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of Intellectual Property Research","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132705978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Intellectual Property and Behavioural Studies: Methodological Perspectives","authors":"E. Penz, Eva B. Hofmann","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198826743.003.0037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198826743.003.0037","url":null,"abstract":"Intellectual property (IP) infringement is widely researched in behavioural studies with manifold quantitative and qualitative research. The current chapter focuses on qualitative research and gives an introduction to how data from expert interviews and websites of relevant stakeholders can be analysed to understand and interpret IP infringement applying triangulation. This chapter selects the comprehensive perspective of the entire business and institutional environment in an international context, focusing on the social-cultural, legal, economic, political, and technological framework in different countries, which determines business activities. It answers three research questions on past, current, and future activities regarding IP with data from forty-six organizations (expert interviews, website analyses). The analysis of the data with Computer Assisted/Aided Qualitative Data AnalysiS (CAQDAS) follows four steps: (1) organizing the material; (2) coding; (3) searching; and (4) modelling and interpreting. The analysis revealed that first, there were several activities regarding IP that have been applied by different stakeholders, second, the present status of IP from the point of view of the different stakeholders has a strong legal aspect, and third, a cross-national collaboration for enforcement and harmonizing legislation is seen important for the future of IP specifically by governmental bodies. Overall, these findings allow for recommendations not only for legislators but also for industry and organizations lobbying for more lenient IP rights leading to a bright future for IP.","PeriodicalId":440385,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of Intellectual Property Research","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131690501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Computational Legal Methods: Text and Data Mining in Intellectual Property Research","authors":"T. Margoni","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198826743.003.0032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198826743.003.0032","url":null,"abstract":"Text and Data Mining (TDM) can generally be defined as the process of deriving high-quality information from text and data by using digital analytical tools . The impact that TDM may have on science, humanities, and the arts is invaluable. This is because by identifying the correlations and patterns that are often concealed to the eye of a human observer TDM allows for the discovery of knowledge that would have otherwise remained hidden. After a brief introduction, Section II of this chapter illustrates the state of the art in the nascent field of TDM applied to intellectual property (IP) research. It formulates some proposals of systematic classification in an area that suffers from a degree of terminological vagueness. In particular, the chapter argues that TDM, together with other types of data-driven analytical tools, should be autonomously classified as ‘computational legal methods’. Section III of the chapter offers concrete examples of the application of these methods in IP research. This is achieved by discussing a recent project on TDM, which required the development of dedicated approaches in order to address certain problems that emerged during the project’s execution.. The discussion identifies some of the most promising advances in terms of automation and predictive analysis that the use of TDM in intellectual property research could enable. At the same time, the partial success of the experiment shows that there are a number of training and skill-related issues that legal researchers and practitioners interested in the use of TDM should consider. Accordingly, the second argument advanced in this chapter is that law school programmes should include mandatory courses in computational legal methods in order to equip future lawyers with the skillsets needed in the digital (legal) environment.","PeriodicalId":440385,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of Intellectual Property Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128117551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Law and Literature in Intellectual Property Methodologies","authors":"Zahr K. Said","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198826743.003.0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198826743.003.0024","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter offers an overview of Law and Literature and explores three primary areas in which intellectual property (IP) scholarship engages with Law and Literature’s methods and tools: the creation of objects that give rise to rights; the definition and enforcement of those rights and their limits; and the narrative of progress and revisionist theories of the field. IP concerns intangible constructs: works, inventions, secrets, marks, or personas. IP ownership implicates theories of representation given the symbolic nature of IP rights to the things they protect, and determining the scope of protection almost always entails multiple interpretive steps. Hence theories of representation and interpretation are relevant to defining the work, assessing the scope of protection, and conducting infringement analysis. Lastly, Law and Literature offers larger narratives about IP that centre on values, history, textuality, theory, culture, context, selfhood, or community. Law and Literature has helped broaden beyond the narrow utilitarian framing of the received approach to IP and thus provided disciplinary cover for pluralistic accounts of the field to emerge. In this revisionism, the three main strands of Law and Literature—which centre on practical wisdom, interpretation, and narrative—offer diverse alternatives for measuring progress or evaluating the IP system in broader sociological and constitutional context.","PeriodicalId":440385,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of Intellectual Property Research","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121438562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Conflicts of Law Approach to Intellectual Property Research","authors":"G. Austin","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198826743.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198826743.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"Intellectual property (IP) conflict of laws issues in disputes between private parties arise for a variety of reasons. Most infringe the plaintiff’s intellectual property rights in countries X, Y, and Z. Part of the infringing conduct might have been in one jurisdiction, while the effects are felt elsewhere. Infringing material can be instantly distributed to any country in which there is internet access. Digital networks are also increasing opportunities for international collaboration by parties that are physically located in different places, and supply chains also increasingly straddle national borders, giving rise to disputes about the law governing intellectual property ownership. And internet commerce is increasing the global reach of brands. Research in this area must engage with the problem of providing efficient and just solutions in the context of private litigation that are also aligned with the foundations of the international intellectual property architecture including, in many contexts, the domestic economic and social policies that shape territorially confined IP rights.","PeriodicalId":440385,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of Intellectual Property Research","volume":"150 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116629933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}