Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases最新文献_第6页

Microbiologic characterisation of bacterial infections in children with atopic dermatitis 特应性皮炎患儿细菌感染的微生物学特征

IF 0.9

Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases Pub Date : 2022-03-31 DOI: 10.4102/sajid.v37i1.368

Nkosinathi O. Zwane, J. T. Masuka, A. Chateau, A. Mosam

{"title":"Microbiologic characterisation of bacterial infections in children with atopic dermatitis","authors":"Nkosinathi O. Zwane, J. T. Masuka, A. Chateau, A. Mosam","doi":"10.4102/sajid.v37i1.368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajid.v37i1.368","url":null,"abstract":"Background Patients with atopic dermatitis (AD), the commonest chronic inflammatory skin disease are often colonised and infected by Staphylococcus aureus. In this study, we aimed to determine the type and antibacterial sensitivities of the bacteria infecting eczematous lesions in children with AD and to recommend first-line antibiotic therapy. Methods A prospective study was conducted from June 2020 to June 2021 in children with AD presenting with a cutaneous infection at the King Edward hospital VIII outpatient dermatology clinic. Swabs were collected for microbial culture, confirming infections and assessing antibiotic sensitivity for infected sites. Results Ninety six children were recruited during the study period with a mean age of 4.3 ± 3.4 years. The commonest cause of bacterial infection was Staphylococcus aureus seen in 74 (77.1%) cases, followed by Staphylococcus aureus and Group A β-haemolytic streptococcus (GAS) co-infection in 22 (22.9%) cases. The majority of these infections were observed on the lower limbs in 50 (52.08%) cases and in moderate 37 (38.5%) cases and severe eczema cases of 38 (39.6%) in AD. There was no gender predilection. Staphylococcus aureus was sensitive to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid in 57 (77.0%) cases, cloxacillin in 53 (71.6%) cases and clindamycin in 24 (32.4%) cases, whereas GAS was mostly sensitive to ampicillin in 10 (45.5%) cases. No swabs retained a resistant strain. Conclusion Staphylococcus aureus is the commonest bacterial cause of cutaneous infection in children with AD in our setting. Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and cloxacillin remain the most sensitive therapeutic options for this infection, however, a larger study is required to explore resistance strains, if any, in our setting.","PeriodicalId":44007,"journal":{"name":"Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42025423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Theoretical origin of genetically homologous Plasmodium vivax malarial recurrences 基因同源间日疟原虫疟疾复发的理论起源

IF 0.9

Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases Pub Date : 2022-03-30 DOI: 10.4102/sajid.v37i1.369

M. Markus

引用次数: 3

A retrospective review of calls to the Poisons Information Helpline of the Western Cape during the first 6 months of the COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa 对南非新冠肺炎大流行前6个月致电西开普省毒物信息求助热线的回顾性审查

IF 0.9

Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases Pub Date : 2022-03-30 DOI: 10.4102/sajid.v37i1.391

C. D. du Plessis, Farah Mohamed, C. Stephen, H. Reuter, Gonwayne Voigt, D. V. van Hoving, C. Marks

{"title":"A retrospective review of calls to the Poisons Information Helpline of the Western Cape during the first 6 months of the COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa","authors":"C. D. du Plessis, Farah Mohamed, C. Stephen, H. Reuter, Gonwayne Voigt, D. V. van Hoving, C. Marks","doi":"10.4102/sajid.v37i1.391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajid.v37i1.391","url":null,"abstract":"Background Since the start of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, poison centres worldwide have reported an increase in exposures to chemicals used for infection prevention. Increased availability and use could lead to an increase in exposures. Potential effects on a South African Poison Information Helpline were unknown, therefore a study was performed to describe changes in call volume and profile of poison exposures. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on an observational database of telephone enquiries. All human-related poisoning exposure call data collected from 01 March to 31 August during 2018, 2019 and 2020 were extracted and analysed. Summary statistics were used to describe all variables. Results The total number of calls were 5137, 5508, and 5181 in 2018, 2019, 2020, respectively. The monthly call number during 2020 was mostly less than in 2019. More calls were received from the public calls (39.4% vs 33.1%) and for accidental exposures (65.6% vs 62.3%) increased during 2020 compared to 2019. Exposures to pharmaceuticals decreased by 14.8% from 2019 to 2020, while exposures to eucalyptus oil more than doubled from 21 in 2019 to 43 during 2020. Exposures to antiseptics and disinfectants increased by 60.4%, mainly due to hand sanitisers exposure which showed a 26-fold increase from 2019 (n = 6) to 2020 (n = 156). Conclusion A change in the profile of poison exposures was observed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Lockdown regulations and greater availability of antiseptics and disinfectants probably led to the increase in exposures. Although symptoms were mostly mild, the public should be educated on safe storage and proper use of all chemicals.","PeriodicalId":44007,"journal":{"name":"Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48676036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Experiencing COVID-19 at a large district level hospital in Cape Town: A retrospective analysis of the first wave 在开普敦一家大型区级医院经历COVID-19:对第一波疫情的回顾性分析

IF 0.9

Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases Pub Date : 2022-03-29 DOI: 10.4102/sajid.v37i1.317

Nadè Claassen, G. van Wyk, S. van Staden, Michiel M.D. Basson

{"title":"Experiencing COVID-19 at a large district level hospital in Cape Town: A retrospective analysis of the first wave","authors":"Nadè Claassen, G. van Wyk, S. van Staden, Michiel M.D. Basson","doi":"10.4102/sajid.v37i1.317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajid.v37i1.317","url":null,"abstract":"Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in tertiary hospitals from South Africa and world wide have been well described, but limited data are published on the findings. This article aimed to describe patients admitted to a large district hospital in Cape Town, South Africa, during the first wave of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infections. To compare the clinical features and further investigate survivors and deceased COVID-19 patients. Methods A single centre retrospective review of clinical records and laboratory data of patients admitted with a positive SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from April 2020 to August 2020. Results A total of 568 patients with a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR were admitted to the study centre for one night or longer and of these patients 154 (27%) died of COVID-19. The median age of patients who died of COVID-19 was 66 years and 53 years for survivors. Hypertension, diabetes mellitus and obesity were the commonest comorbidities in patients who survived and died of COVID-19. There were no major differences when comparing the severity of infiltrates on chest X-rays (CXR) of COVID-19 survivors with deceased patients. More than half (58%) of deceased patients died within 3 days following admission to hospital. A substantial number of patients who died of COVID-19 had associated acute kidney injury (n = 79, 51%). Conclusion Acute kidney injury had a high prevalence amongst patients who died of COVID-19. Delays in transfer to intensive care unit (ICU), limited ICU capacity and disease severity contributed to a substantial number of patients dying within 3 days of admission.","PeriodicalId":44007,"journal":{"name":"Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42460367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Treating bacterial infections with bacteriophages in the 21st century 21世纪用噬菌体治疗细菌感染

IF 0.9

Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases Pub Date : 2022-03-29 DOI: 10.4102/sajid.v37i1.346

C. Opperman, J. Wojno, A. Brink

{"title":"Treating bacterial infections with bacteriophages in the 21st century","authors":"C. Opperman, J. Wojno, A. Brink","doi":"10.4102/sajid.v37i1.346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajid.v37i1.346","url":null,"abstract":"Bacteriophages (phages) were discovered in the early part of the 20th century, and their ability to eliminate bacterial infections as bacterial viruses gathered interest almost immediately. Bacteriophage therapy was halted in the Western world due to inconclusive results in early experiments and the concurrent discovery of antibiotics. The spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has elicited renewed interest in bacteriophages as a natural alternative to conventional antibiotic therapy. Interest in the application of bacteriophages has also expanded to include the environment, such as wastewater treatment, agriculture and aquaculture. Although the complete phage is important in bacteriophage therapy, the focus is shifting to purified phage enzymes. These enzymes are an attractive option for pharmaceutical companies with their patent potential. They can be bio-engineered for enhanced adjuvant properties, such as a broadened spectrum of activity or binding capability. Enzymes also eliminate the concern that the prophage might integrate resistance genes into the bacterial genome. From a clinical perspective, the first randomised clinical controlled phage therapy trial was conducted with more pioneering phase I/II clinical studies on the horizon. In this opinion paper, the authors outline bacteriophages as naturally occurring bactericidal entities, their therapeutic potential against antibiotic-resistant bacteria and compare them to antibiotics. Their potential multipurpose application in the medical field is also addressed, including the use of bacteriophages for vaccination, and utilisation of the antimicrobial enzymes that they produce.","PeriodicalId":44007,"journal":{"name":"Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44643528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

SARS-CoV-2 infection in public hospital medical doctors in an Eastern Cape metro 东开普省地铁公立医院医生感染严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2型

IF 0.9

Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases Pub Date : 2022-03-10 DOI: 10.4102/sajid.v37i1.335

R. Spies, M. Potter, Sudarshan Govender, Luke Kirk, Simon Rauch, J. Black

{"title":"SARS-CoV-2 infection in public hospital medical doctors in an Eastern Cape metro","authors":"R. Spies, M. Potter, Sudarshan Govender, Luke Kirk, Simon Rauch, J. Black","doi":"10.4102/sajid.v37i1.335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajid.v37i1.335","url":null,"abstract":"Background Evidence-based Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) measures are critical in protecting medical doctors from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Concerns surrounding access to personal protective equipment (PPE), compliance with IPC measures and the quality of available PPE have been raised as possible causes for high rates of SARS-CoV-2 infection in medical doctors in high transmission settings. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the risk factors for occupational infection in doctors in the hospitals in Nelson Mandela Bay (NMB). Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study wherein we electronically surveyed medical doctors in public-sector NMB hospitals from 01 March 2020 to 31 December 2020. We collected demographic, health, occupational and SARS-CoV-2 infection and exposure data. Categorical data were described as proportions and a multiple variable logistic regression model was used to identify risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Results The survey was distributed amongst 498 doctors, 141 (28%) of whom replied. Forty-three (31%) participants reported that they had tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 during the study period. Eighty-nine participants (64%) reported inadequate access to PPE whilst only 68 (49%) participants adhered to PPE recommendations when interacting with patients with confirmed or suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection. We were unable to identify any significant predictors of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Conclusion This study demonstrates a high prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in public hospital doctors in NMB. Most participants reported inadequate access to PPE and poor compliance with IPC protocols. These findings suggest an urgent need for the improved implementation of IPC measures to protect doctors from SARS-CoV-2 infection.","PeriodicalId":44007,"journal":{"name":"Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44120190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Decolonising medical causality in the COVID-19 pandemic 新冠肺炎大流行中的非殖民化医学因果关系

IF 0.9

Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases Pub Date : 2022-02-28 DOI: 10.4102/sajid.v37i1.347

A. Visser

引用次数: 0

Incidence of candidemia and prevalence of azole-resistant candidemia at a tertiary South African hospital – A retrospective laboratory analysis 2016–2020 南非一家三级医院的念珠菌血症发病率和耐唑念珠菌血症患病率——2016年至2020年的回顾性实验室分析

IF 0.9

Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases Pub Date : 2022-02-15 DOI: 10.4102/sajid.v37i1.326

V. Chibabhai

{"title":"Incidence of candidemia and prevalence of azole-resistant candidemia at a tertiary South African hospital – A retrospective laboratory analysis 2016–2020","authors":"V. Chibabhai","doi":"10.4102/sajid.v37i1.326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajid.v37i1.326","url":null,"abstract":"Background Candidemia is associated with high morbidity and mortality. The epidemiology of candidemia has changed globally over the past 20 years. South African surveillance demonstrated a shift in epidemiology from Candida albicans to non-albicans species including Candida parapsilosis and Candida auris. Hospital-level candidemia incidence from South Africa has not been reported previously. Methods We performed a retrospective laboratory-based analysis of blood cultures with confirmed causative agents of candidemia. Ward type, department, gender and admission to critical care units were captured. Data were analysed in Microsoft Excel, Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and Epitools. Results The incidence of candidemia during the study period was 2.87 per 1000 admissions. The total proportion of non-albicans species causing candidemia was 425/618 (69.7%). Overall, 65.4% of candidemia cases occurred in non-critical care units. There was a significant increase in the proportion of C. auris isolates between 2016 and 2020 (p < 0.001). Isolation of C. auris was associated with admission to critical care units (p < 0.001, odds ration [OR] 3.856, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.360–6.300). The proportion of azole-resistant candidemia cases increased from 21/53 (39.6%) in 2016 to 41/59 (69.5%) in 2020 (p = 0.002). Conclusion The incidence of candidemia remained stable over the five-year study period. However, the proportion of C. auris isolates increased significantly during the study period as did the overall proportion of azole-resistant candidemia. Antifungal stewardship and continued hospital-level surveillance are imperative.","PeriodicalId":44007,"journal":{"name":"Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49397360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Always keep on learning 永远坚持学习

IF 0.9

Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases Pub Date : 2022-02-14 DOI: 10.4102/sajid.v37i2.370

Harsha Lochan

引用次数: 0

A terrific journey for which I have great gratitude 这是一次了不起的旅程，我对此深表感激

IF 0.9

Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases Pub Date : 2022-02-14 DOI: 10.4102/sajid.v37i2.400

L. Bekker

引用次数: 0