SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION DISORDERS最新文献

{"title":"Translanguaging in conversations for people with aphasia living in Greater Johannesburg, South Africa.","authors":"Mellissa Bortz, Mira Goral","doi":"10.4102/sajcd.v72i1.1082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4102/sajcd.v72i1.1082","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong> Challenges associated with language assessment in multilingual people with aphasia include the lack of linguistically and culturally appropriate assessment tools. Moreover, most multilingual people with aphasia are assessed in each of their languages separately. However, many multilingual people use elements from their complete linguistic repertoire rather than communicate in one language at a given conversation.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong> We aimed to examine language production in multilingual speakers with aphasia within a translanguaging approach to assessment, that is, without specifying a single target language. Our four research questions inquired about the characteristics of translanguaging in elicited language production and about the influence of task, topic and individual variables on translanguaging patterns.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong> We elicited individual monologues and group conversations from seven people with aphasia living in the Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality in South Africa. We coded their language output in terms of the number of words used and the languages selected.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong> Participants used translanguaging to varying degrees. Five participants used both isiZulu and English in their responses; two participants each used only one language (isiZulu or English). Topic and context of conversation did not seem to affect the pattern of language use.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong> Seven multilingual people with aphasia demonstrated the use of translanguaging during elicited language testing. An assessment procedure that allows for the use of multiple languages without restricting the conversation to one language is a feasible approach to assessing people from multilingual communities.Contribution: The study introduces an alternative approach to assessing multilingual people with aphasia and demonstrates its feasibility.</p>","PeriodicalId":44003,"journal":{"name":"SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION DISORDERS","volume":"72 1","pages":"e1-e10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143399363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How I experienced tele-intervention: Qualitative insights from persons who stutter.","authors":"Raadhiyah Hoosain, Shabnam Abdoola, Esedra Krüger, Bhavani Pillay","doi":"10.4102/sajcd.v72i1.1068","DOIUrl":"10.4102/sajcd.v72i1.1068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong> Tele-intervention gained popularity, during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, prompting healthcare providers to adapt to remote service delivery. Research about stuttering treatment via tele-intervention in South Africa is limited. Speech-language therapists (SLTs) require further insights to deliver a well-supported approach for treatment of stuttering using tele-intervention, despite limitations such as technological disruptions, including loadshedding, that impact service reliability.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong> The study aims to explore clients' experiences with tele-intervention for stuttering therapy, and to provide recommendations to improve service delivery.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong> Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 persons who stutter (PWS) recruited through purposive sampling. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants with experience in both tele-intervention and in-person treatment. Inductive thematic analysis supplemented by descriptive statistics was used to identify patterns and trends.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong> Four main themes emerged: (1) User experiences and factors shaping perceptions of tele-intervention; (2) technical infrastructure: barriers and facilitators; (3) financial and access considerations and (4) in-person treatment experience compared to tele-intervention user experience. Likert scale ratings indicated no considerable difference in preferences between tele-intervention and in-person treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong> Participants' diverse experiences highlighted tele-intervention's benefits and challenges for stuttering therapy. While limitations exist, findings inform service enhancement in South Africa, emphasising the importance of users' perspectives in tele-intervention design.Contribution: Insights from PWS can be used in informing clinical practice, aiding SLTs in meeting the needs of PWS and guiding best practice. Tele-intervention should be integrated into a hybrid intervention model that PWS prefer.</p>","PeriodicalId":44003,"journal":{"name":"SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION DISORDERS","volume":"72 1","pages":"e1-e9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11830844/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143400316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A qualitative inquiry of speech-language therapists' views about breastfeeding management.","authors":"Danica Schlome, Esedra Krüger, Bhavani Pillay","doi":"10.4102/sajcd.v72i1.1070","DOIUrl":"10.4102/sajcd.v72i1.1070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong> Management of oropharyngeal dysphagia within the first few days of an infant's life results in favourable breastfeeding outcomes, indicating the importance of investigating the breastfeeding management practices of speech-language therapists (SLTs) working within this field.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong> Little has been published about SLTs' management of breastfeeding in low- and middle-income settings. This study explores the perspectives of a group of experienced South African SLTs on their approach to breastfeeding management.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong> Qualitative data were gathered through semi-structured online interviews with 12 experienced SLTs and were subjected to thematic analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong> Three main themes emerged: (1) Approach to breastfeeding management; (2) Exposure, skills and knowledge related to breastfeeding management and (3) Perspectives and attitudes towards breastfeeding management. Participants demonstrated a clear understanding of their roles within the scope of breastfeeding management, which aligns with established literature. Their approaches appeared to be influenced by their perspectives and attitudes towards breastfeeding, as well as their exposure, skills and knowledge in this area. The study underscores the need for breastfeeding training in undergraduate programmes and highlights the demand for continuous professional development opportunities.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong> While the findings are drawn from a small sample of experienced clinicians, they offer valuable insights for speech-language pathology clinical educators and professional organisations.Contribution: This study suggests a re-evaluation of university curricula to enhance exposure to breastfeeding management.</p>","PeriodicalId":44003,"journal":{"name":"SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION DISORDERS","volume":"72 1","pages":"e1-e8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11830912/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143400314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hearing aid verification: Practices and perceptions of South African audiologists.","authors":"Jared Moll, Zani Burger, Daneel M P Jacobs, Retshepisitswe P Mothibe, De Wet Swanepoel, Faheema Mahomed-Asmail","doi":"10.4102/sajcd.v71i1.1059","DOIUrl":"10.4102/sajcd.v71i1.1059","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong> Hearing aid verification is required to objectively measure hearing aid outputs by ensuring that the amplified speech spectrum closely approximates the prescription goals.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong> This study aimed to determine audiologists' perceptions and practices regarding hearing aid verification and identify facilitators and barriers to its use.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong> A cross-sectional national e-survey included questions related to demographics, perceptions of verification, verification practices and two open-ended questions regarding the facilitators and barriers to conducting hearing aid verification in South Africa.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong> Seventy-eight South African audiologists, with experience ranging from less than a year to 34 years, completed the online survey. Of these, 76.3% conduct hearing aid verification, while 23.7% seldom or never perform this verification. Among the audiologists who conducted verification, 81.0% reported performing it on both adults and children. More than three-quarters (86.6%) indicated that they conduct verification only during the initial fitting, while half (53.8%) do so only when a problem arises. Thematic analysis revealed the following barriers to verification: improper equipment, a lack of equipment, non-standard clinical practices and time constraints.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong> There are several challenges faced by South African audiologists in performing verification. It may be feasible to address these barriers by raising awareness about the value of verification, offering training, and advocating for the purchase and utilisation of verification equipment.Contribution: This study's findings provide information on the current practices of hearing aid verification in a socioeconomically diverse setting. Furthermore, it highlights important challenges such as a lack of equipment as well as time constraints.</p>","PeriodicalId":44003,"journal":{"name":"SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION DISORDERS","volume":"71 1","pages":"e1-e7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11736548/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142847940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"School-based hearing screening of first-grade students in Saudi Arabia: A pilot study.","authors":"Noura I Alothman, Ahmad A Alanazi","doi":"10.4102/sajcd.v71i1.1063","DOIUrl":"10.4102/sajcd.v71i1.1063","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong> Hearing loss in children is a global concern. Early identification and intervention are critical for minimising the adverse effects of hearing loss. Despite the implementation of hearing screening programmes in Saudi Arabia, more research is needed on the audiological profiles of first-grade students.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong> This study aimed to characterize the audiological profile of first-grade students in Saudi Arabia and to raise awareness among parents, schools, and decision-makers about the need for hearing screening programs and the implementation of an effective monitoring and management system in the country.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong> This cross-sectional descriptive study assessed the audiological profile of 308 first-grade students in Riyadh, the capital of Saudi Arabia, using pure-tone audiometry (PTA) and tympanometry. Additionally, two questionnaire-based assessments, one for parents and one for the home teacher, were developed to predict students who failed PTA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong> Among the students screened, 26.3% failed PTA. Tympanometry identified abnormal middle ear function in 30.5% of the students. The discrimination capacity of both questionnaires in identifying students who failed PTA screening was poor.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong> A 26.3% prevalence rate of PTA screening failure, and a 30.5% of middle ear pathologies were noted. Both parent and teacher questionnaires were ineffective tools for identifying hearing loss among first-grade children who failed PTA screening.Contribution: This pilot study recommends that primary schools incorporate hearing screening as a regular practice of their preventative healthcare system. The study emphasises the importance of establishing international standards for school-based hearing screening to enhance its efficacy and develop more effective hearing screening questionnaires.</p>","PeriodicalId":44003,"journal":{"name":"SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION DISORDERS","volume":"71 1","pages":"e1-e7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11622043/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142773382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Healthcare professionals' knowledge and practices in managing ototoxicity in children with cancer.","authors":"Kajal Ramnarian, Jessica Paken","doi":"10.4102/sajcd.v71i1.1064","DOIUrl":"10.4102/sajcd.v71i1.1064","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong> Platinum-based chemotherapy poses a risk of ototoxic hearing loss, the effects of which can be devastating in paediatrics with cancer. Childhood hearing loss significantly impacts speech and language acquisition, and educational, psychosocial and emotional development, consequently negatively impacting quality of life. Adequate knowledge and effective management by healthcare professionals in the team managing paediatrics with cancer are, therefore, pivotal to mitigating the severity and impact on quality of life.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong> To describe the knowledge and practices of healthcare professionals on the management of ototoxic hearing loss in children receiving platinum-based chemotherapy drugs.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong> Using a descriptive survey design, data were collected from self-administered questionnaires completed by 74 healthcare professionals from two hospitals in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong> While 45 participants (60.8%) identified ototoxicity as a side effect of platinum-based chemotherapeutic drugs, 43 (58.1%) identified dose, duration and mode of administration as risk factors, and 43 participants (72.9%) did not know the duration of an ototoxicity monitoring programme post-treatment. Fifty participants (68%) accurately identified most of their roles within the ototoxicity monitoring programme. Most participants (n = 73; 99%) did not fully adhere to Health Professions Council of South Africa (HPCSA) ototoxicity monitoring guidelines. However, a positive outcome was that 70 participants (94.6%) acknowledged the importance of the ototoxicity monitoring programme for children receiving platinum-based chemotherapy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong> The current study demonstrates a clear correlation between healthcare professionals' practices and their level of knowledge. These findings underscore the importance of improving the knowledge base of healthcare professionals involved in ototoxicity monitoring programme to enhance their practices effectively.Contribution: This study identified areas requiring improvement in managing ototoxicity in this patient group, prompting the inclusion of ototoxicity training. This study supports audiologists in effectively implementing and overseeing ototoxicity monitoring programme.</p>","PeriodicalId":44003,"journal":{"name":"SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION DISORDERS","volume":"71 1","pages":"e1-e15"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11622129/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142773379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent communication disorders research through the lens of the sustainable development goals.","authors":"Anita Edwards","doi":"10.4102/sajcd.v71i1.1079","DOIUrl":"10.4102/sajcd.v71i1.1079","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":44003,"journal":{"name":"SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION DISORDERS","volume":"71 1","pages":"e1-e2"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11622122/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142773381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and audiological characteristics in adults with tinnitus in South Africa.","authors":"Katijah Khoza-Shangase, Snethemba P Mkhize","doi":"10.4102/sajcd.v71i1.1069","DOIUrl":"10.4102/sajcd.v71i1.1069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong> In South Africa, the prevalence of tinnitus and its associated clinical and audiological characteristics remain underexplored, posing challenges in the assessment and management of the condition. This knowledge gap affects clinician preparedness and effectiveness in treating tinnitus.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong> This study aimed to explore the clinical and audiological characteristics of adult patients reporting tinnitus at a tertiary academic hospital in South Africa.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong> A quantitative, non-experimental, retrospective review of 129 patient audiological records from the Audiology Department at Helen Joseph Hospital was conducted. Among these, 71 records were of patients who reported experiences of tinnitus.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong> Tinnitus was reported by 55% of patients, with a higher prevalence in females (76%). The mean age of patients was 51.9 years. Unilateral tinnitus was present in 28% of cases, while 78% of patients had hearing loss, predominantly sensorineural. Common audiological characteristics included vertigo (24%), otalgia (14%), otorrhea (17%) and perforated tympanic membrane (15%). Clinical conditions associated with tinnitus included hypertension (32%), heart disease (28%), diabetes (9%) and head trauma (9%). Findings regarding age and gender differences in the clinical and audiological manifestations of tinnitus are presented.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong> Further research with larger, diverse samples and prospective designs is necessary to confirm these findings and explore possible underlying causes.Contribution: The findings highlight the significant prevalence of tinnitus and its association with various clinical and audiological conditions in the South African context. Understanding these characteristics will enhance the clinician's ability to accurately assess, diagnose and manage tinnitus, leading to improved treatment outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":44003,"journal":{"name":"SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION DISORDERS","volume":"71 1","pages":"e1-e11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11622119/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142773377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community-based infant hearing screening: Outcomes of a rural pilot programme.","authors":"Khomotjo S Kgare, Karin Joubert","doi":"10.4102/sajcd.v71i1.1045","DOIUrl":"10.4102/sajcd.v71i1.1045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong> Community-based universal newborn hearing screening (UNHS) has not been fully realised in South Africa despite the availability of contextually relevant early hearing detection and intervention guidelines. Research has confirmed the feasibility of implementing UNHS programmes in urban contexts; however, limited information exists for rural contexts.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong> The aim of the study was to describe the outcomes in terms of coverage rate, referral rate and follow-up rate of a 1-year UNHS pilot programme implemented at three primary health care (PHC) clinics in the Limpopo province.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong> A descriptive retrospective review of 2 302 audiological records of infants who underwent NHS between July 2014 to June 2015 was conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong> The mean age at first-stage screen was 112 days (16 weeks). The coverage rate was 87% for the infants screened at 3- and 10- days clinic visits and 27% for infants screened at the 6-week immunisation visit. The first-stage referral rate was 33.9% and 8.3% for the overall second stage referral for diagnostic audiology services. The follow-up rate for rescreens at the clinical level was 77%, while for initial diagnostic assessments, it was 26%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong> Although not all benchmarks were met within the first year of implementation, the high coverage- and low referral rates, especially in the last 6 months, are the first steps in improving the outcomes of the screening programme.Contribution: The findings confirm the feasibility of implementing community-based UNHS programmes in rural areas in South Africa. Regular monitoring and evaluation contribute to the success of screening programmes.</p>","PeriodicalId":44003,"journal":{"name":"SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION DISORDERS","volume":"71 1","pages":"e1-e8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11538158/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142568101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Communication Intervention in South Africa: Advocating for the Listening and Spoken Language Approach.","authors":"Aisha Casoojee","doi":"10.4102/sajcd.v71i1.1071","DOIUrl":"10.4102/sajcd.v71i1.1071","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adhering to Early Hearing Detection and Intervention (EHDI) guidelines is critical for the timely identification and management of infants with hearing impairment. Early intervention specifically focusses on family-centred communication interventions, of which the Listening and Spoken Language-South Africa (LSL-SA) approach is available for children with hearing impairment in South Africa. Studies have evidenced significant benefits for children with hearing impairment enrolled in LSL-SA compared to those enrolled in Traditional Speech-Language Therapy (TSLT), that is, age-equivalent communication outcomes, shorter duration of therapy until discharge, meritorious academic performance and integration into a hearing society. Despite these positive outcomes related to the LSL-SA approach, significant contextual barriers hinder effective implementation nationwide.Contribution: The successful implementation of EHDI guidelines in South Africa hinges on overcoming barriers through tailored healthcare strategies and contextualised delivery. Adapting frameworks such as LSL-SA to fit the local context is crucial for advancing equitable access to EHDI services, positively impacting children with hearing impairment and their families. This article highlights the systemic challenges in South Africa in optimising resources by adopting linguistically appropriate and culturally responsive early intervention approaches to champion hearing healthcare initiatives. Effective collaboration among diverse stakeholders is essential for enhancing the uptake of EHDI guidelines and translating policy into impactful communication interventions. Implementing the core principles of the LSL-SA approach will not only ensure access to this specialised service for suitable candidates but may also alleviate specific barriers to EHDI implementation within TSLT approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":44003,"journal":{"name":"SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION DISORDERS","volume":"71 1","pages":"e1-e6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11538117/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142568002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}