Hand TherapyPub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2024-08-26DOI: 10.1177/17589983241268218
Nathan Short, Jill Linder, Ethan Stump
{"title":"Effectiveness of dry needling to treat lateral epicondylosis: A case report.","authors":"Nathan Short, Jill Linder, Ethan Stump","doi":"10.1177/17589983241268218","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17589983241268218","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study presents the use of dry needling (DN) as an intervention to support functional rehabilitation for an adult diagnosed with lateral epicondylosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective, single subject, AB design was implemented. A 50-year-old male with a six-month history of dominant left lateral epicondylosis received traditional interventions for 4 weeks (baseline phase; A) followed by the same interventions with the addition of DN (intervention phase; B). The QuickDASH assessment, numeric rating scale (NRS) for pain, grip strength (elbow flexed and neutral), and Maudsley's test were used as measures of effectiveness along with patient self-report of ability to perform activities of daily living (ADLS), instrumental ADLs, work, and leisure occupations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The patient made minimal progress for the initial 4 weeks of traditional treatment. There were no changes to his initial pain rating of 7/10 on the NRS, left hand grip strength (67 lbs.), or initial QuickDASH score. DN was initiated at week five with a reduction in pain from 7/10 to 2/10 from weeks six to eight. He was discharged at week 12 with no pain, a score of 0/100 on the QuickDASH, non-painful grip of 83 lbs., and a self-report of the ability to perform all ADLs, instrumental ADLs, work, and leisure occupations independently.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Dry needling appears to have been an effective intervention when integrated with a holistic approach for an individual with chronic lateral epicondylosis. More research is needed to evaluate dry needling as an intervention to support functional rehabilitation with a larger sample size and randomization.</p>","PeriodicalId":43971,"journal":{"name":"Hand Therapy","volume":"29 3","pages":"135-139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11378533/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142156262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hand TherapyPub Date : 2023-12-16DOI: 10.1177/17589983231222832
Jonas Svingen, Marianne Arner
{"title":"Mental and behavioural disorders increase the risk of tendon rupture after flexor tendon repair in zone I and II","authors":"Jonas Svingen, Marianne Arner","doi":"10.1177/17589983231222832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17589983231222832","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of mental and behavioural disorders (MBD) on the risk of tendon ruptures after flexor tendon repair is not well understood. This study aimed to analyse the association between MBD and tendon rupture after flexor tendon repair in zones I and II. Data from the Swedish National Registry for Hand Surgery (HAKIR) on patients with a complete flexor tendon repair at our department between 2012 and 2019 were followed for a minimum of 2 years to assess the rate of rupture. Independent variables were collected from HAKIR and clinical records: prevalence MBD based on ICD-10 codes F0-F99, age, sex, injured tendon, number of injured fingers, day to surgery, core suture, digital nerve injury, smoking, injury mechanism, and rehabilitation method. Multiple logistic regression was used to assess the association between variables. A cohort of 593 patients with 49 ruptures (8.2%) was identified. Potential causes of rupture were non-adherence behaviour in 16 (33%), accidents in seven (14%), infections in six (12%), and no clear cause in 20 (41%) patients. Patients with MBD had an association to rupture (OR 3.6), 17.7% ruptures compared to 7.2% in patients with no diagnosed disorders. Patients >50 years of age had a higher risk compared to patients <25 years (OR 4.3), 15% compared to 3.9%' respectively. Men had a higher risk compared to women (OR 2.9), 10% compared to 4.3%' respectively. We identified an association between the prevalence of mental and behavioural disorders and rupture after flexor tendon repair.","PeriodicalId":43971,"journal":{"name":"Hand Therapy","volume":"52 42","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138995504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hand TherapyPub Date : 2023-12-12DOI: 10.1177/17589983231219595
Thomas Mitchell, Nick Hamilton, Ben Dean, Sarah Rodgers, Sally Fowler-Davis, S. McLean
{"title":"A scoping review to map evidence regarding key domains and questions in the management of non-traumatic wrist disorders","authors":"Thomas Mitchell, Nick Hamilton, Ben Dean, Sarah Rodgers, Sally Fowler-Davis, S. McLean","doi":"10.1177/17589983231219595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17589983231219595","url":null,"abstract":"Non-traumatic wrist disorders (NTWD) are commonly encountered yet sparse resources exist to aid management. This study aimed to produce a literature map regarding diagnosis, management, pathways of care and outcome measures for NTWDs in the United Kingdom. An interdisciplinary team of clinicians and academic researchers used Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines and the PRISMA ScR checklist in this scoping review. A mixed stakeholder group of patients and healthcare professionals identified 16 questions of importance to which the literature was mapped. An a-priori search strategy of both published and non-published material from five electronic databases and grey literature resources identified records. Two reviewers independently screened records for inclusion using explicit eligibility criteria with oversight from a third. Data extraction through narrative synthesis, charting and summary was performed independently by two reviewers. Of 185 studies meeting eligibility criteria, diagnoses of wrist pain, De Quervain’s syndrome and ulna-sided pain were encountered most frequently, with uncontrolled non-randomised trial or cohort study being the most frequently used methodology. Diagnostic methods used included subjective questioning, self-reported pain, palpation and special tests. Best practice guidelines were found from three sources for two NTWD conditions. Seventeen types of conservative management, and 20 different patient-reported outcome measures were suggested for NTWD. Substantial gaps in evidence exist in all parts of the patient journey for NTWD when mapped against an analytic framework (AF). Opportunities exist for future rigorous primary studies to address these gaps and the preliminary concerns about the quality of the literature regarding NTWD.","PeriodicalId":43971,"journal":{"name":"Hand Therapy","volume":"2 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139009358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hand TherapyPub Date : 2023-11-08DOI: 10.1177/17589983231210762
Cynthia Srikesavan, Benjamin Dean, Francine Toye, Alex Bolt, Neal Thurley
{"title":"Experiences of people with hand osteoarthritis and perceptions of clinicians and carers on quality of life and treatment services: A qualitative synthesis","authors":"Cynthia Srikesavan, Benjamin Dean, Francine Toye, Alex Bolt, Neal Thurley","doi":"10.1177/17589983231210762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17589983231210762","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction We aimed to synthesise the experiences of people living with hand osteoarthritis (HOA) and the perceptions of clinicians and carers relating to the quality of life and treatment services. Methods We undertook a systematic search on MEDLINE, Embase, and CINAHL electronic databases for qualitative studies in HOA. We used the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklist to assess methodological quality and thematically-synthesise the findings. We used GRADE-CERQual (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation- Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative Research) to assess the quality of the evidence. Results We identified 13 studies involving people with HOA (288 women and 39 men, average age 61.4 years) and clinicians. Five themes were identified from studies involving people with HOA: i) My hands are painful whenever I use them; ii) It stops me doing everyday activities; iii) It stops me doing things I value; iv) It’s psychologically challenging and v) I find ways of doing things. The quality of evidence was moderate except for pain with low quality of evidence. Most studies were conducted in Europe and the United Kingdom with participants recruited predominantly from hospital settings. We were not able to synthesise the three studies that involved clinicians as each explored different topics of HOA. There were no studies that involved carers. Conclusions Our findings highlighted the impact of HOA in various areas of life and the need for personalised psychological support in practice.","PeriodicalId":43971,"journal":{"name":"Hand Therapy","volume":"78 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135341694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hand TherapyPub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.1177/17589983231211813
Daniel Harte, Alan Nevill, Lucia Ramsey, Suzanne Martin
{"title":"Validity, reliability and responsiveness of a goniometer watch to measure pure forearm rotation","authors":"Daniel Harte, Alan Nevill, Lucia Ramsey, Suzanne Martin","doi":"10.1177/17589983231211813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17589983231211813","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Innovative instruments have been designed to assess forearm rotation, an anatomically challenging motion to measure. This study assessed the concurrent validity, interrater reliability and responsiveness of a novel goniometer watch (GoWatch) to measure pure forearm rotation. The modified finger goniometer (MFG) was the criterion reference. Methods Forty participants with restricted forearm rotation were recruited. Two raters measured supination and pronation using the GoWatch and MFG before and after a hand therapy session. Repeated-measures ANOVA assessed for systematic bias with an apriori residual error of 5° deemed as acceptable. Secondary analysis used intraclass coefficients (ICCs) to categorise interrater reliability. Responsiveness of the GoWatch was calculated using Cohen’s d Results The GoWatch demonstrated acceptable agreement with the MFG with a mean difference for supination 1.19° and pronation 0.20°. Interrater reliability was also within acceptable limits with a mean difference GoWatch supination 4.43° and pronation 2.23°. Interrater reliability for GoWatch supination and pronation were categorized as excellent (ICC = 0.94) and good (ICC = 0.85) respectively. Systematic bias was observed in the instrument by rater interaction with rater two consistently underestimating GoWatch measures ( p<.05). GoWatch supination showed small to medium responsiveness (Rater 1: d = 0.14; Rater 2: d = 0.29) and pronation very small to medium responsiveness (Rater 1: d = 0.29; Rater 2: d = 0.05). Conclusion The GoWatch is a viable and user-friendly alternative to measure forearm rotation with demonstrable validity, interrater reliability and responsiveness. Further research is required to ensure systematic bias is not endemic when used across multiple raters.","PeriodicalId":43971,"journal":{"name":"Hand Therapy","volume":"81 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135221617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effectiveness of occupational therapy-led computer-aided interventions on function among adults with conditions of the hand, wrist, and forearm: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis","authors":"Margo Sheerin, Ann-Marie Morrissey, Rose Galvin, Damien Ryan, Leonora Carey, Katie Robinson","doi":"10.1177/17589983231209678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17589983231209678","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Upper extremity injuries are common, and often treated by occupational therapists. The need to evaluate the effectiveness of occupational therapy interventions to guide practice is pertinent. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigate the effectiveness of occupational therapy-led computer-aided interventions among adults with conditions of the hand, wrist, and forearm. Methods A systematic literature search of five databases was undertaken for randomized studies examining occupational therapy-led computer-aided interventions for the treatment of hand, wrist, and forearm conditions. The primary outcome was function, with secondary outcomes of pain, grip and pinch strength. The quality of the included studies was independently assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias V2 tool. Meta-analyses were completed. Results Three randomized controlled trials were included with 176 participants. One study reported on app use on a tablet and two studies reported on computer gaming. Participants had a variety of hand and wrist diagnoses, treated both conservatively and operatively. There is limited evidence demonstrating that computer-based interventions are as effective as other occupational therapy-led interventions in improving function, pain, grip and pinch strength post-intervention, including small effect size following meta-analysis: grip strength (Fixed Effects Model, SMD 0.13, 95% CI 2.63; –2.36, I 2 = 0%) and pinch strength (Fixed Effects Model, SMD –0.12, 95% CI 1.25; -1.50, I 2 = 11%). Conclusions Limited evidence was found to support the use of computer-aided interventions for adults with a hand, wrist or forearm injury. Further high-quality research is recommended inclusive of a broader range of technologies and a broader range of clinical and patient-reported outcome measures.","PeriodicalId":43971,"journal":{"name":"Hand Therapy","volume":"26 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136136834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hand TherapyPub Date : 2023-10-12DOI: 10.1177/17589983231205446
Hazel Brown, Kate Kennard, Rosalyn Tyreman, Ali Alim-Marvasti, Matthew Wilcox, Tom Quick
{"title":"Return to work following brachial plexus injury: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Hazel Brown, Kate Kennard, Rosalyn Tyreman, Ali Alim-Marvasti, Matthew Wilcox, Tom Quick","doi":"10.1177/17589983231205446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17589983231205446","url":null,"abstract":"Background Qualitative studies following Brachial Plexus Injury (BPI) suggest that return to employment has a major influence on life satisfaction and psychological well-being. However, few studies have focused on return to work following BPI. The physical strain and intensity of an occupation may influence the ability of an individual to return to employment. This study aimed to provide information about the impact of workload intensity on employment status following BPI. Methods This is an observational, retrospective study of 74 participants who responded to a postal questionnaire, sharing information regarding their employment status pre- and post-BPI. The reported occupations were assessed for workload intensity and assigned a Reichsausschuss für Arbeitszeitermittlung (REFA) classification by two assessors. Results Forty-one out of 74 participants (57%) had to change their employment following their BPI. Changes in occupation were more likely if the pre-injury REFA score was 3 or 4 ( n = 22). In the Complete plexus injury group ( n = 8), 100% changed occupation. In the Partial plexus injury group ( n = 66) 50% changed occupation. Hand dominance had no significant influence on change of employment ( p = 0.37). Conclusion This study is the first to focus on the impact of BPI on employment status and workload intensity. Just over half the participants did not maintain the same employment following their BPI and one in five became unemployed. Future research should review the factors that contribute to the inability to return to work. This may direct enhancements in rehabilitation provision and enable healthcare services to focus on facilitating individuals back to the workplace.","PeriodicalId":43971,"journal":{"name":"Hand Therapy","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136012887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hand TherapyPub Date : 2023-10-12DOI: 10.1177/17589983231205666
Helen C Scott, Luke S Robinson, Ted Brown
{"title":"Scar massage as an intervention for post-surgical scars: A practice survey of Australian hand therapists","authors":"Helen C Scott, Luke S Robinson, Ted Brown","doi":"10.1177/17589983231205666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/17589983231205666","url":null,"abstract":"Scar massage is a commonly used treatment in hand therapy. The current empirical evidence that supports it is disparate and of variable quality, with no established effective dosage and method proposed. This study aimed to identify the current practice among Australian hand therapists using massage as an intervention for scarring following surgery to the hand and upper limb. A purposely designed self-report online survey was emailed to current members of the Australian Hand Therapy Association ( n = 958). Data collected included demographics, intervention techniques, conditions treated and protocols, scar assessment and knowledge and training about scar massage as a clinical intervention. A total of 116 completed questionnaires were received (a response rate of 12.1%). All respondents used scar massage as part of their clinical practice with 98% to improve soft tissue glide ( n = 114), 92% for hypersensitivity ( n = 107), and 84% to increase hand function ( n = 97). Only 18% ( n = 21) of respondents used standardised outcome measures, and most therapists had learned scar massage from a colleague (81%). Commonalities in how respondents implemented scar massage were found. Participants reported relying primarily on clinical experience to inform their practice. Whilst scar massage was widely used, few respondents had received formal skills training or completed outcome measures regularly to formally evaluate its clinical efficacy or impact. Replication of this study with a larger international sample of participants is warranted to determine if these findings reflect general practice.","PeriodicalId":43971,"journal":{"name":"Hand Therapy","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136014270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hand TherapyPub Date : 2023-09-01Epub Date: 2023-04-04DOI: 10.1177/17589983231168034
Halle Purther, Cora Nitert-Brown, Diba Vahidi Ferdosi, Emily S Ho
{"title":"Intersection of physical and mental health of youth with brachial plexus birth injuries: A qualitative study.","authors":"Halle Purther, Cora Nitert-Brown, Diba Vahidi Ferdosi, Emily S Ho","doi":"10.1177/17589983231168034","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17589983231168034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Youth with brachial plexus birth injuries (BPBI) have an increased risk of mental health issues such as depression, anxiety, and diminished self-confidence. Despite this evidence, current standards of care focus on physical interventions. Evaluation of psychological and emotional concerns is rarely prioritized in clinical settings. Therefore, mental health needs are unmet and poorly understood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An interpretivist qualitative approach was used to understand the perspectives of youth with BPBI and their caregivers on the barriers and facilitators of addressing mental health concerns, to inform practice guidelines, and promote meaningful participation within this population.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A purposeful sample of nine youth with BPBI between 10 to 20 years and eight caregivers participated in in-depth interviews. The interviews were semi-structured and an average of 60 min (35-85 min) long. Three themes emerged from these data: (i) physical disability identity and mental health; (ii) pursuit of \"normal\" body image; and (iii) paradox of advocacy. Findings illuminated the intersection of physical and mental health in these youth and provides actionable practice recommendations. Areas of need were identified including mental health support around the challenges of advocacy, body image, surgery, and preparation for the 'aging out' process for youth and their families.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The well-being of youth with BPBI is a result of the intersection between their physical and mental health. Further research on optimizing mental health resources within physical health settings is needed to better support the holistic needs of these youth and their families.</p>","PeriodicalId":43971,"journal":{"name":"Hand Therapy","volume":"28 3","pages":"103-110"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10581534/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71414645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hand TherapyPub Date : 2023-09-01Epub Date: 2023-08-03DOI: 10.1177/17589983231191867
Amy Maltby, Ann Underhill, Sarah Woodbridge
{"title":"The use of telephone and video consultations in upper limb musculoskeletal rehabilitation: A scoping review.","authors":"Amy Maltby, Ann Underhill, Sarah Woodbridge","doi":"10.1177/17589983231191867","DOIUrl":"10.1177/17589983231191867","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic caused a rapid uptake of virtual consultations (VCs) to minimise disease transmission and for this reason, research into telerehabilitation has been expanding. This review aimed to map and synthesize evidence on the use of VCs in upper limb musculoskeletal rehabilitation, describe key characteristics, and identify gaps in the research.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This scoping review investigated synchronous rehabilitation consultations performed over VC. All asynchronous, wearable or pre-recorded technology was excluded. CINAHL Complete, Medline, PEDro, Google Scholar and grey literature sources were searched. Screening and data extraction were done by a single researcher. Frequency counts were used to analyse the data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nineteen studies were identified, with patients with shoulder injury/pain most frequently studied. Most sources (n = 9) used bespoke video programmes. Range of motion (ROM) was the most common assessment (n = 10) and exercise prescription (n = 7) was the most common treatment. Benefits included time and cost savings, maintaining therapeutic relationships and increasing patient independence. Most diagnostic assessments, except joint and nerve tension tests, were found to be reliable and valid. Studies noted increased function in activities, decreased pain and increased ROM after VCs. Limitations included restricted 'hands-on' treatment, resource and training concerns and limiting patient factors.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This review mapped available evidence and identified several gaps in the literature. Further robust research into VCs for hand/wrist disorders, ROM assessment and cost-effectiveness is needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":43971,"journal":{"name":"Hand Therapy","volume":"28 3","pages":"89-102"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10581535/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71414647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}