Accion Psicologica最新文献

{"title":"Resiliency, Meaning in Life, and Life Satisfaction: An Examination of Moderating Effects","authors":"C. Lau, Anita Feher, Claire A. Wilson, S. Babcock, D. Saklofske","doi":"10.5944/AP.15.2.22256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5944/AP.15.2.22256","url":null,"abstract":"While presence of meaning in life (i.e., presence) is associated with a plethora of desirable qualities (e.g., greater well-being, longevity, positive affect), search for meaning is associated with psychological distress (e.g., reports of conflict, rumination, depression; Boyle, Barnes, Buchman, & Bennett, 2009). Individuals with higher resiliency, defined as a multifaceted competency in adapting and recovering from adversity, could potentially mitigate the distress associated with search, and thus, achieve greater satisfaction with life (SWL). The present study examined the moderating role of meaning in life between resiliency (i.e., sense of mastery and sense of relatedness) and SWL in a sample of Canadian university students ( N =289). Hierarchical regression analyses showed that there was a positive association between resiliency and SWL and this association was stronger at higher levels compared to lower levels of search for meaning. These results suggest that individuals searching for meaning with high levels of mastery have the greatest SWL, while their counterparts with low mastery have the lowest SWL. Similar moderating effects of search were found with the positive association between sense of relatedness and SWL. Overall, findings suggest that protective factors in resiliency may buffer against the potential negative impact of search.","PeriodicalId":43927,"journal":{"name":"Accion Psicologica","volume":"15 1","pages":"5-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5944/AP.15.2.22256","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43504122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptation to prison and psychological adjustment in a sample of prison inmates","authors":"M. Novo, A. Pereira, M. J. Vázquez, Bárbara G. Amado","doi":"10.5944/AP.14.2.20784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5944/AP.14.2.20784","url":null,"abstract":"Resumen Aunque la literatura ha abordado ampliamente el estudio de la prisionizacion, el analisis de los efectos de las va­riables criminologicas en la adaptacion a prision y del estatus social en prision, y de estas en el ajuste psicolo­gico y las destrezas cognitivas que emplean los internos no ha sido suficientemente trabajado. Para conocer de ello, evaluamos en variables criminologicas, adaptacion a prision, estatus social en prision, ajuste psicologico y destrezas cognitivas a una muestra de 112 internos varo­nes en cumplimiento de una pena privativa de libertad de una prision portuguesa, con edades entre 23 y 74 anos ( M  = 40.40, DT  = 1.04), 77 (68.8 %) con antecedentes penales (reincidentes). Los resultados revelaron que las variables criminologicas (e.g., problemas en la familia) estaban relacionados con niveles mas bajos de adapta­cion a la prision. Ademas, los internos presentaban peor ajus­te psicologico que la poblacion general, y los reinci­dentes que los primarios. Asimismo, tambien pusieron de manifiesto que los internos se caracterizaban en la reso­lucion de problemas por recurrir a estrategias de afron­tamiento evitativas (i.e., Evitacion cognitiva, Aceptacion o Resignacion, Busqueda de recompensas alternativas, Descarga emocional), en detrimento de las aproximativas (i.e., Analisis logico). Se discuten las implicaciones de los resultados para el diseno de programas de interven­cion dentro de prision y la preparacion para la vida en li­bertad (i.e., tercer grado). Abstract Although prisonization has been studied in previous lit­erature, the effects of criminological variables on prison adaption and prison social status; and of the latter on psychological adjustment and cognitive skills have not been sufficiently analysed. As for knowing about this, 112 male prison inmates with an age range between 23 and 74 years ( M  = 40.40, SD  = 1.04), 77 (68.8 %) with criminal records (recidivists) serving sentences in a Por­tuguese prison were evaluated in prison adaption, prison social status, psychological adjustment and cognitive skills. The results showed that criminological variables (e.g., family problems) were related with lower levels of adaption to prison. Furthermore, prison inmates exhib­ited a significant worse psychological adjustment than the normative population, and recidivists than primary offenders. Likewise, the results revealed that prison in­mates were characterized in problem solving tasks by adopting an avoidant coping style (i.e., Cognitive avoidance, Acceptance or Resignation, Seeking alternative rewards, Emotional discharge), at the expense of an approach coping style (i.e., Logical analysis). The implications of the results for in-prison intervention programmes design and the preparation for a third-degree life i.e., under parole, are discussed.","PeriodicalId":43927,"journal":{"name":"Accion Psicologica","volume":"14 1","pages":"113-128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5944/AP.14.2.20784","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46560937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Children's Understanding of Emotion in the System of Care","authors":"Cristina Sanz Guerra, Purificación Sierra García","doi":"10.5944/AP.14.2.19365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5944/AP.14.2.19365","url":null,"abstract":"Resumen La relacion madre-hijo se ha estudiado tradicionalmente desde la perspectiva de la teoria del apego. Pero, ademas, es un fenomeno psicologico y social al que el nino dota de sentido y que trata de comprender. Para explorar la comprension infantil de esta dimension de la relacion, hemos entrevistado a 85 ninos de entre siete y nueve anos me­diante una entrevista semiestructurada con cuatro histo­rias, en las que se relacionaban el Sistema de Apego y el Sistema de Cuidado. El analisis de las respuestas de los ninos muestra que el 97 % atribuyen malestar en la ma­dre en relacion con la vivencia de amenaza del hijo. Los ninos de estas edades poseen ya una comprension del Sistema de Cuidado de la madre en conexion con el Sis­tema de Apego del hijo. La responsabilidad y la empatia de la madre forman parte de las respuestas de los ninos de estas edades como activadores de su comportamiento de cuidado y proteccion hacia el hijo.  Las representacio­nes de los ninos pueden organizarse en niveles de com­prension cada vez mas sofisticados y complejos. Conocer los sentimientos y motivaciones que los ninos atribuyen a la madre en su rol de cuidadora principal y la vision in­fantil de las leyes emocionales que rigen las relaciones afectivas madre-hijo, puede ofrecernos nuevas perspecti­vas acerca de como se construyen las relaciones de apego y resultar util en la deteccion e intervencion en apegos no saludables, en ambos miembros de la diada. Abstract The mother-child relationship has traditionally been stud­ied from the perspective of attachment theory. But in addition, they are a psychological and social phenome­non to which the child gives meaning and tries to under­stand. To explore the child's understanding of this dimen­sion of the relationship, we interviewed 85 children be­tween 7 and 9 years old through a semi-structured inter­view with four stories, in which the Attachment System and the System of Care were related. The analysis of the children's responses shows that 97 % attribute discomfort in the mother in relation to the experience of threat of the child. Children of these ages already have an understand­ing of the Mother's System of Care in connection with the child's attachment system. The responsibility and empathy of the mother are part of the responses of chil­dren of these ages as activators of their behavior of care and protection for the child. Children´s representations can be organized at increasingly sophisticated and com­plex levels of understanding. Knowing the feelings and motivations that children attribute to the mother in her role of primary caregiver and the child's vision of the emotional laws that govern affective mother-child rela­tionships, can offer us new perspectives on how attach­ment relationships are built and be useful in the detection and intervention in unhealthy attachments, in both mem­bers of the dyad.","PeriodicalId":43927,"journal":{"name":"Accion Psicologica","volume":"14 1","pages":"241-252"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5944/AP.14.2.19365","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47215400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychological Intervention aimed at Controlling Anxiety in a Spanish Greco-Roman Wrestler","authors":"E. Martínez, Victor Franco, José Manuel Hernández López","doi":"10.5944/AP.14.2.15785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5944/AP.14.2.15785","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a single-case psychological intervention with a Spanish National Greco-Roman Wrestling Team wrestler. The aim of the intervention was to reduce pre-competitive anxiety in order to increase his athletic performance through a psychological skills program based on mental imagery, thought stopping, cognitive restructuring and pre-competitive routines. The CSAI-2R was used before, during and after the intervention for assessing anxiety. Self-monitoring registers for mental imagery, thought stopping, cognitive restructuration and precompetitive routines specifically designed for this case were also used. Results showed the athlete highly reduced precompetitive anxiety and increase athletic performance.","PeriodicalId":43927,"journal":{"name":"Accion Psicologica","volume":"14 1","pages":"211-224"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5944/AP.14.2.15785","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49069396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attribution of responsibility for sexual violence: Effect of type of tactic, gender and benevolent sexism","authors":"Marta Garrido-Macías, Inmaculada Valor-Segura, Francisca Expósito","doi":"10.5944/AP.14.2.20757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5944/AP.14.2.20757","url":null,"abstract":"Resumen La violencia sexual es un problema actual sobre el que se necesita estudio empirico, pues afecta a mas del 30 % de las mujeres en sus relaciones con los hombres. El obje­tivo de esta investigacion ha sido comprobar el modo en el que el tipo de tactica utilizada para conseguir sexo, el genero y el sexismo benevolo influyen en la responsabi­lidad que se le atribuye al agresor. Utilizando una mues­tra de 305 participantes, se presenta un escenario sexual en el contexto de una relacion de pareja, en el que se ma­nipula el tipo de tactica utilizada para tener sexo (neutra, persuasion o coercion sexual). Los resultados indican que las personas responsabilizan mas al agresor cuando la tactica utilizada es persuasion o coercion sexual, que cuando se utilizan tacticas no violentas (neutra). Ademas, se comprueba que los hombres con alto sexismo bene­volo culpan menos al agresor solamente cuando este uti­liza tacticas mas sutiles de violencia sexual (persuasion sexual), mientras que este efecto no ocurre en las muje­res. Estos resultados permiten proporcionar un marco teorico sobre el que incidir para establecer los limites de los comportamientos que se consideran aceptables o no en una relacion, contribuyendo a su deteccion y rechazo, asi como para considerar su influencia en la toma de de­cision del ambito juridico en los casos de violencia de genero. Abstract Sexual violence is a current problem that requires em­pirical study, since it affects more than 30 % of women in their relationships with men. The aim of the research has been to verify the way in which the type of tactics used to obtain sex, along with gender and benevolent sexism can have an impact on the responsibility at­tributed to the aggressor. Using a sample of 305 partici­pants, a sexual scenario is presented in a relationship context where the type of tactic used to have sex (neutral, sexual coaxing, or sexual coercion) is manipulated. The results indicate that people attribute more responsibility to the aggressor when the tactic used is sexual coaxing or sexual coercion than when using non-violent (neutral) tactics. In addition, men with high benevolent sexism blame the aggressor less, but only when the subtlest tac­tics of sexual violence (sexual coaxing) are used, whereas this effect does not occur in women. These re­sults provide a theoretical framework for establishing the limits of the behaviours that are considered acceptable (or not) in a relationship, contributing to their detection and having implications for legal decision-making in cases of gender violence.","PeriodicalId":43927,"journal":{"name":"Accion Psicologica","volume":"14 1","pages":"69-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5944/AP.14.2.20757","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44061669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parenting Coordinator: An Analysis of Spanish Judicial Reasoning","authors":"Francisca Fariña, Vanesa Parada, M. Novo, Dolores Seijo","doi":"10.5944/AP.14.2.21346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5944/AP.14.2.21346","url":null,"abstract":"A parenting coordinator (PC) is a professional who inter­venes in judicial contexts involving high conflict parental litigation in order to safeguard the child’s best interest, as well as dealing with issues concerning coparenting. This new role has been the object of specific directives from international professional associations such as the Asso­ciation of Family and Conciliation Courts (AFCC, 2006), and the American Psychological Association (APA, 2012), who have established guidelines for professional practice. The figure of the PC has been introduced only recently in Spain, with Catalonia being the first autono­mous communities to do so. Bearing these circumstances in mind, this study aims to assess the impact of this new figure on judicial judgements by examining both the legal reasoning, and the judges’ rationale guiding the professional practice of this figure. Judicial judgements from the CENDOJ database involving the figure of the Parenting coordinator were analysed. The results ob­tained shed light on the legal reasoning cited by judicial decision-makers in their judgements and the criteria em­ployed to justify this new figure and its correspondence with international guidelines. Judgements were found to be grounded on legal reasoning and the criteria was es­sentially in accordance with guidelines proposed by in­ternational associations. Nevertheless, legal decision-makers must further their understanding concerning the role of the CP in order to assist families with high con­flict parents to ensure positive coparenting.","PeriodicalId":43927,"journal":{"name":"Accion Psicologica","volume":"14 1","pages":"157-170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5944/AP.14.2.21346","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41874442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of the Effects of Anchorage in Judicial Judgements in Child Custody Dispute Proceedings","authors":"Francisca Fariña, Laura Redondo, Tania Corrás, M. Vilariño","doi":"10.5944/AP.14.2.21239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5944/AP.14.2.21239","url":null,"abstract":"Resumen La formacion de juicios y la toma de decisiones judicia­les deberian estar sustentadas en razonamientos formales o estadisticos, y no en razonamientos sesgados de modo que no deberian contener razonamientos sesgados. Una fuente de sesgo profusamente estudiada en la literatura es el anclaje que implica un ahorro cognitivo al aceptar la hipotesis inicial sin confirmarla y rechazar informacion o hipotesis alternativas, aunque puedan resultar relevantes para el juicio o decision. Para conocer de la prevalencia y los efectos del anclaje en sentencias judiciales de casos de familia, seleccionamos al azar 811 sentencias en disputa por la guarda y custodia de la base de datos del CENDOJ. El anclaje se midio a traves de la demanda ini­cial en la disputa por la custodia (juzgado de familia) o en la decision del tribunal previo (apelaciones). Los re­sultados mostraron que el 70.2 % las decisiones estaban ancladas. Un analisis de contenido sistematico de las sentencias presto apoyo a la hipotesis de que el anclaje sirve a jueces y tribunales como herramienta para el aho­rro cognitivo (alrededor del 12 %). Ademas, las senten­cias ancladas contenian significativamente menos razo­namientos favorables a la custodia; menos informacion idiosincrasica, o sea, razonamientos propios del juez; y menos informacion contextual, esto es, menos prueba ba­sada en evidencia. Se discuten las implicaciones de los resultados para la formacion de juicios y toma de deci­siones judiciales, asi como las opciones de mitigar sus efectos. Abstract Judicial judgment and decision making should be sus­tained in formal or statistical reasoning, avoiding biased reasoning. Thus, judicial reasoning should not contain any bias. A profusely studied source of bias is anchorage implying a cognitive saving by accepting the initial hy­pothesis without confirming it and rejecting other infor­mation or alternative hypotheses though they may be rel­evant to the task at hand. As for knowing the prevalence and effects of anchored sentences in family cases’ judi­cial sentences, 811 Spanish custody dispute sentences were randomly selected from the CENDOJ data base. Anchorage was measured through initial claimant in child custody dispute (first instance court) or prior judi­cial decision-making (appeal court). The results stated that 70.2 % of the judicial sentences were anchored. A systematic content analysis of the sentences gave support to the hypothesis that anchorage provides judges and courts a skill to save cognitive activity (about 12 %). Moreover, anchored sentences contained significantly fewer reasoning favourable to custody; fewer idiosyn­cratic information i.e., own reasoning of the judge; and fewer contextual information i.e., less evidence-based. The implications for judicial judgment and decision are discussed, as well as the possibilities to control the an­chorage prevalence in judicial sentences.","PeriodicalId":43927,"journal":{"name":"Accion Psicologica","volume":"14 1","pages":"147-156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5944/AP.14.2.21239","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41396598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of the Relationship between Culture, Climate and Labour Force in Ecuador","authors":"V. Ramos, Eduardo Tejera","doi":"10.5944/AP.14.2.17046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5944/AP.14.2.17046","url":null,"abstract":"Resumen El clima laboral es el resultado de las percepciones de los trabajadores asociados a su ambiente de trabajo mientras que la cultura es el conjunto de comportamientos, ideas y sentimientos compartidos que describen la forma en que se trabaja en una organizacion y que, por tanto, la defi­nen. Estas percepciones del ambiente que definen al cli­ma, se caracterizan porque pueden ser variables entre las personas, lo que se conoce como fuerza del clima laboral. La presente investigacion se corresponde con un estudio del clima laboral en Ecuador, donde ademas se incluye un analisis de su fuerza y de los aspectos de la cultura organizacional que mas lo afectan. Para ello se aplico una herramienta que se valido en el contexto de la investiga­cion, para medir diferencias en las percepciones del cli­ma, asi como aspectos culturales asociados al mismo, en una muestra constituida por 832 trabajadores de organi­zaciones publicas y privadas. Los calculos se realizaron tomando en cuenta comparaciones de medias y modelos de ecuaciones estructurales. Nuestros resultados indica­ron que el clima laboral en Ecuador en terminos de fuer­za puede considerarse como debil. Es de interes destacar que todas las dimensiones culturales identificadas corre­lacionaron de forma estadisticamente significativa y positiva con el clima, pero no con la fuerza. A partir de estos resultados, se elaboro un modelo de relaciones entre las variables de estudio con buenos indices de ajus­te (CFI = 0.991, GFI = 0.983, RMSEA = 0.059, PCFI = 0.531, x 2 /df = 3.871). Como principales conclusiones destacamos que, al menos en el contexto de estudio, la variable fuerza va a estar directamente relacionada con el tipo de clima predominante y las acciones que se hagan para mejorarlo. Esto resulta esencial pues al existir un clima debil, van a haber consecuencias tanto al momento de su medicion como al momento de tomar decisiones para mejorarlo, debido a que existen percepciones dife­rentes en cada nivel de analisis del mismo, ya sea indivi­dual, grupal y organizacional.  Abstract The organizational climate is the result of workers' per­ceptions associated with their work environment, while culture is the set of shared behaviors, ideas and feelings that define the way in which an organization works. These perceptions of the environment that define the climate, can be variable between the workers, which is known as its strength. This research corresponds to a study of the work climate in Ecuador that also includes an analysis of its strength and the aspects of the organiza­tional culture that most affect it. A tool validated in the context of the research was used to measure differences in climate perceptions, as well as cultural aspects associ­ated with it, in a sample of 832 workers from public and private organizations. The calculations were made taking into account mean comparisons and structural equation modeling. Our results indicated that the work climate in Ecuador in terms of strength c","PeriodicalId":43927,"journal":{"name":"Accion Psicologica","volume":"14 1","pages":"225-240"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5944/AP.14.2.17046","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44364772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Online Child Pornography: A Cultural Focus Literature Review","authors":"María Inés Lovelle, M. Yepes-Baldó, M. Romeo, M. Soria","doi":"10.5944/AP.14.2.20766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5944/AP.14.2.20766","url":null,"abstract":"Resumen La eclosion de Internet a nivel mundial ha facilitado la diseminacion de pornografia infantil, siendo esta consi­derada un crimen a escala internacional. Por ello, hemos considerado relevante analizar los aspectos culturales vinculados a este delito. El objetivo de la presente inves­tigacion ha sido explorar los aspectos culturales incluidos en la literatura cientifica como variables clave para anali­zar este tipo de delitos, partiendo de las dimensiones culturales de Hofstede (2010) como marco teorico. Du­rante los anos 2003 a 2016 se han publicado un total de 125 articulos sobre pornografia en la Web of Science®, si bien solo 50 de ellos contenian referencias culturales implicitas o explicitas. Los resultados mostraron que son pocas las variables culturales consideradas, siendo el pais de nacimiento o la raza las principalmente incluidas. El principal resultado de nuestra investigacion constata la importancia de incorporar la dimension cultural en el tra­bajo policial al establecer los indicadores que determinan el factor de riesgo en agresores. En este sentido, en el contexto europeo, herramientas como la Kent Internet Risk Assessment Tool (KIRAT) se han visto enriqueci­das a partir de los resultados de esta investigacion Abstract Due to the Internet expansion around the world, child pornography is internationally considered as a crime, but we are uncertain of whether culture has some impact on it. The objective of the present review was to explore cultural aspects included in literature as key variables to analyse this type of crimes, using Hofstede’s cultural dimensions (2010) as theoretical framework. A total of 125 papers on pornography (period: 2003-2016) were found in Web of Science®; but only 50 contain some implicit or explicit cultural references. The results showed few cultural variables considered for the scientific approach to child pornography, being the country of birth or race the mainly only ones considered. The major contribution of our research highlights the importance to incorporate the cultural dimension in the police task to assess the indicators that determine the risk factors in aggressors. In this sense, the present research contributes to hypothesize probable cultural differences when using tools as the Kent Internet Risk Assessment Tool (KIRAT) in the European context.","PeriodicalId":43927,"journal":{"name":"Accion Psicologica","volume":"14 1","pages":"99-112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5944/AP.14.2.20766","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42323910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychological Adjustment and Problem Solving Skills in Convicted by Murder or Attempted Murder","authors":"M. Vilariño, Bárbara G. Amado, E. Fernandes, R. Arce","doi":"10.5944/AP.14.2.20792","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5944/AP.14.2.20792","url":null,"abstract":"Resumen Con el objetivo de conocer el ajuste psicologico (sinto­matologia y diagnostico clinico) y las destrezas para la resolucion de problemas (afrontamiento) en una pobla­cion de homicidas, se ha llevado a cabo un estudio en el que se contrastaron ambos factores entre una muestra de condenados por homicidio o tentativa de homicidio, con la poblacion normativa. Participaron en el estudio 27 hombres internos en el Centro Penitenciario de Oporto (Portugal), con una edad promedio de 38.63 anos. Para la medida del ajuste psicologico se acudio al SCL-90-R, mientras que el afrontamiento fue evaluado mediante el CRI-A. Los resultados revelaron que los reclusos mos­traban una probabilidad superior de ser clasificados como casos clinicos en las dimensiones clinicas del SCL-90-R, a excepcion de Hostilidad, asi como puntuaciones significativamente mas elevadas en las dimensiones cli­nicas a excepcion de Hostilidad y Ansiedad Fobica, y en los tres indices globales (i.e., GSI, PST, PSDI). Ademas, la muestra de condenados se caracterizaba por acudir a estrategias de afrontamiento evitativas, que son recono­cidas como formas desadaptativas o improductivas. Asi­mismo, del estudio de las caracteristicas delictivas se ve­rifico que la mayoria de los acusados guardaban algun tipo de relacion previa con la victima, y que la muestra homicida se caracterizaba por versatilidad delictiva y tendencia a la reincidencia. Se discuten las implicaciones de estos resultados para la practica profesional en el contexto penitenciario.  Abstract With the aim of knowing about psychological adjustment (clinical symptomatology and diagnosis) and problem-solving skills (coping) in a homicide prison inmate pop­ulation, a study to contrast sentenced murderers or at­tempted murderers with the normative population was conducted. Participated in the research, 27 male prison inmates at the Prison of Oporto (Portugal) with an age average of 38.63. Psychological adjustment and coping strategies were measured with the SCL-90-R checklist and the CRI-A questionnaire, respectively. The results exhibited that prison inmates showed a higher probability of being classified as clinical cases in most of the SCL-90-R dimensions (except in Hostility), as well as signifi­cantly higher scores in almost all of them (with the ex­ception of Hostility and Phobic Anxiety), an in the global indexes (i.e., GSI, PST, PSDI). Furthermore, prison in­mates were characterized by using avoidance coping strategies, which are considered such as maladaptive or unproductive. Likewise, the results from the crimino­logical characteristics of the inmates have revealed that homicides had a previous relationship with the victim, criminal versatility and a recidivism trend. Implications of the results for professional practice in penitentiary setting are discussed.","PeriodicalId":43927,"journal":{"name":"Accion Psicologica","volume":"14 1","pages":"129-146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.5944/AP.14.2.20792","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48422270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}