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The practice of folk medicine by the indigenous people of Sundarbans: A historical analysis 孙德尔本斯土著人的民间医学实践:历史分析
INDIAN JOURNAL OF HISTORY OF SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-11-21 DOI: 10.1007/s43539-023-00109-w
Rup Kumar Barman
{"title":"The practice of folk medicine by the indigenous people of Sundarbans: A historical analysis","authors":"Rup Kumar Barman","doi":"10.1007/s43539-023-00109-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43539-023-00109-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>For a couple of decades, the ‘history of science, technology, and medicine’ (HISTEM) has received widespread attention from scholars worldwide. Historians have paid adequate attention to exploring India's scientific and technological contributions to the global history of science. Simultaneously, the “codified” and “institutionalized” forms of certain medicinal practices and health-seeking traditions of the Indian subcontinent have achieved international recognition for their medicinal values to maintain good health. However, there are many indigenous (tribal/autochthonous/<i>adivashis/</i>marginal) communities whose medicinal practices have remained beyond the purview of HISTEM. In such a background, an intensive study has been undertaken in the context of Indian Sundarbans located in the southern part of North 24 Parganas and South 24 Parganas Districts of West Bengal. Here, the indigenous communities have developed and preserved their medicinal practices, preventive food habits, and folk culture with their long experience of interactions with the available natural elements. This project thus seeks to construct a brief history of diseases, medicinal practices, inheritance and transmission of medicinal knowledge, and the socioeconomic background of the indigenous healers and retailers of medicine of Indian Sundarbans.</p>","PeriodicalId":43899,"journal":{"name":"INDIAN JOURNAL OF HISTORY OF SCIENCE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138539536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Composition and characterisation of ancient lime mortar of Gopal Krishna temple, Alandi, India 印度阿兰迪戈帕尔克里希纳神庙古石灰砂浆的组成和特征
INDIAN JOURNAL OF HISTORY OF SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-11-03 DOI: 10.1007/s43539-023-00103-2
Sarvesh Singh, Manager Singh, P. D. Sabale
{"title":"Composition and characterisation of ancient lime mortar of Gopal Krishna temple, Alandi, India","authors":"Sarvesh Singh, Manager Singh, P. D. Sabale","doi":"10.1007/s43539-023-00103-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43539-023-00103-2","url":null,"abstract":"The cementing lime mortars used in the construction of twelfth century CE Gopal Krishna temple at Western India Alandi were investigated for its mineralogical, chemical and compositional characteristics. The investigative studies were performed using particle size studies, XRF, XRD, FTIR, SEM–EDX and thermal analysis of the mortar. Though the monument is situated in Sahyadri range of Deccan basaltic trap, the mortar is marked by mixing of aggregates rich in hydrated oxides of alumina and iron. Further studies revealed natural formation of laterite capping on basaltic hillock that preferentially weathered and sediments deposited along the river basin sourced as aggregates in mortar preparation. The lime rich binder has mainly inclusion of sub-angular to sub-rounded coarse grain lateritic aggregates. The clay impurities have reduced the purity of lime as observed through thermal analysis. The data will help prepare a compatible mortar for restoration.","PeriodicalId":43899,"journal":{"name":"INDIAN JOURNAL OF HISTORY OF SCIENCE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135818765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Restoration and conservation of Sāncipāt manuscripts of Assam for preserving in ordinary rural setup 恢复和保护Sāncipāt阿萨姆邦手稿，以便在普通农村地区保存
INDIAN JOURNAL OF HISTORY OF SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-11-03 DOI: 10.1007/s43539-023-00101-4
Asadulla Asraf Ali, Robin Kumar Dutta
{"title":"Restoration and conservation of Sāncipāt manuscripts of Assam for preserving in ordinary rural setup","authors":"Asadulla Asraf Ali, Robin Kumar Dutta","doi":"10.1007/s43539-023-00101-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43539-023-00101-4","url":null,"abstract":"Tens of thousands of Sāncipāt manuscripts, written on beautiful folios called Sāncipāt made of Sānci-bark, were popular in Assam from the early medieval period till the early twentieth century and are testimonies of a rich cultural and literary heritage. Baring a small fraction conserved under a passive environment in libraries and museums, most of these manuscripts are traditionally stored under ordinary rural conditions for occasional reading. Properly prepared Sāncipāt can survive centuries due to robust physical strength and resistance against fungus, insects, and humidity. Sāncipāt was traditionally coated with antifungal, insect-repellant, and decorative Hāitāl and Hengul pigments and subsequently coated with humidity-resistant natural varnishing called Lā-coating. However, natural weathering for centuries has caused damage to Sāncipāt manuscripts, particularly those without Hengul-Hāitāl and Lā-coatings. These manuscripts urgently need to be preserved as and where they are adequate since conservation of the huge number of manuscripts in a passive environment is impractical in the rural setup. This paper shows that some chemicals used in the conservation of paper have harmful effects on Sāncipāt, which markedly differ from paper in physical and chemical characteristics. We also propose a method for restoring and conserving Sāncipāt manuscripts based on the traditional method of their preparation without using any such chemicals. This involves mild physical cleaning, mending with fresh Sāncipāt and natural gum, applying antifungal and insect-repellant pigments in the free spaces, and finally applying Lā-coating (varnishing) in the traditional way. Results of a piloting of the method with fourteen manuscripts have been presented.","PeriodicalId":43899,"journal":{"name":"INDIAN JOURNAL OF HISTORY OF SCIENCE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135818910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Origin, introduction, and cultural history of capsicum in India 辣椒在印度的起源、引进和文化史
INDIAN JOURNAL OF HISTORY OF SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-11-03 DOI: 10.1007/s43539-023-00104-1
N. C. Shah
{"title":"Origin, introduction, and cultural history of capsicum in India","authors":"N. C. Shah","doi":"10.1007/s43539-023-00104-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43539-023-00104-1","url":null,"abstract":"This communication reviews the origin of capsicum in Mesoamerica, its early cultivation, and transmission into Europe, India, and Kumaon. Capsicum was introduced into India in two ways: first, by the Portuguese in South India, and second, by Arabian traders in North India. However, in Kumaon, it was first brought by Arabian traders who were indirectly assigned to trade capsicum with other products. Capsicum contains critical nutritional substances, including omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids and essential elements. It is also a powerful antioxidant. It has been proved that capsicums are not only hot to the taste but also high in nutritional content and medicinal value. The nutritional chemo-profile, novel cultivars, new varieties and how pungency or hotness measured in Scovilee Heat Unit (SHU) are discussed. Capsicums' status in Kumaon is studied, and their Kumaoni names, etymology, philology, cultural uses, and origin of the new variety are all discussed. The top ten hottest chillies in India and worldwide are listed and discussed in terms of their hotness.","PeriodicalId":43899,"journal":{"name":"INDIAN JOURNAL OF HISTORY OF SCIENCE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135818768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Correction: Geometry of prāṇakalāntara in the Lagnaprakaraṇa 更正:Lagnaprakaraṇa中prāṇakalāntara的几何形状
INDIAN JOURNAL OF HISTORY OF SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-10-04 DOI: 10.1007/s43539-023-00099-9
Nagakiran Yelluru, Aditya Kolachana
{"title":"Correction: Geometry of prāṇakalāntara in the Lagnaprakaraṇa","authors":"Nagakiran Yelluru, Aditya Kolachana","doi":"10.1007/s43539-023-00099-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43539-023-00099-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43899,"journal":{"name":"INDIAN JOURNAL OF HISTORY OF SCIENCE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135591658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A study of diseases and deaths in colonial Bihar in twentieth century 20世纪殖民地比哈尔邦疾病与死亡研究
INDIAN JOURNAL OF HISTORY OF SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-09-05 DOI: 10.1007/s43539-023-00098-w
Sudhanshu Kumar Jha, Shubham
{"title":"A study of diseases and deaths in colonial Bihar in twentieth century","authors":"Sudhanshu Kumar Jha, Shubham","doi":"10.1007/s43539-023-00098-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43539-023-00098-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43899,"journal":{"name":"INDIAN JOURNAL OF HISTORY OF SCIENCE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49423342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Geometry of prāṇakalāntara in the Lagnaprakaraṇa Lagnaprakaraṇa中prāṇakalāntara的几何形状
INDIAN JOURNAL OF HISTORY OF SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1007/s43539-023-00097-x
Nagakiran Yelluru, Aditya Kolachana
{"title":"Geometry of prāṇakalāntara in the Lagnaprakaraṇa","authors":"Nagakiran Yelluru, Aditya Kolachana","doi":"10.1007/s43539-023-00097-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43539-023-00097-x","url":null,"abstract":"The prāṇakalāntara, which is the difference between the longitude of a point on the ecliptic and its corresponding right ascension, is an important parameter in the computation of the lagna (ascendant). Mādhava, in his Lagnaprakaraṇa, proposes six different methods for determining the prāṇakalāntara. Kolachana et al. (Indian J Hist Sci 53(1):1–15, 2018) have discussed these techniques and their underlying rationale in an earlier paper. In this paper, we bring out the geometric significance of these computations, which was not fully elaborated upon in the earlier study. We also show how some of the sophisticated relations can be simply derived using similar triangles.","PeriodicalId":43899,"journal":{"name":"INDIAN JOURNAL OF HISTORY OF SCIENCE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135348112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Mahādevī-sāriṇī: A unique table providing true longitudes of planets Mahādevī-sāriṇī:提供行星真实经度的独特表格
INDIAN JOURNAL OF HISTORY OF SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1007/s43539-023-00089-x
B. S. Shubha, B. S. Shylaja
{"title":"Mahādevī-sāriṇī: A unique table providing true longitudes of planets","authors":"B. S. Shubha, B. S. Shylaja","doi":"10.1007/s43539-023-00089-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43539-023-00089-x","url":null,"abstract":"Finding the true longitudes of planets had always been a challenge for early astronomers. As keen observers, they noted the small drift of the planets from the calculated positions and rectified them from time to time. Such efforts are traceable in many texts. One such table is the Mahādevī-sāriṇī of the fourteenth century. The paper discusses the methodology of reading the true positions directly from the table using the mean positions and compares it with some later manuals of the seventeenth century. An example of the application of the conjunction of December 21, 2020, reveals that these tables for true longitudes are relevant even today. The efforts to improve accuracies achievable from naked-eye observations can be traced.","PeriodicalId":43899,"journal":{"name":"INDIAN JOURNAL OF HISTORY OF SCIENCE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134916306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Use of the concept of derivative in the computation of vyatīpāta in two Kerala texts 两个喀拉拉邦文本中vyatīpāta计算中导数概念的应用
INDIAN JOURNAL OF HISTORY OF SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1007/s43539-023-00090-4
Venketeswara Pai R., M. S. Sriram
{"title":"Use of the concept of derivative in the computation of vyatīpāta in two Kerala texts","authors":"Venketeswara Pai R., M. S. Sriram","doi":"10.1007/s43539-023-00090-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43539-023-00090-4","url":null,"abstract":"It is well known that the concept of derivative was used in finding the rates of motion of planets in Indian astronomy texts beginning with Laghumānasa (c. 932 CE). In his Vāsanābhāṣya of his own work, Siddhāntaśiromaṇi (c.1150 CE), Bhāskarācārya explains the necessity of using the concept of tātkālikagati (instantaneous rates of motion) of planets, which involves using the derivative of the sine function, and discusses the retrograde motion of planets also, using the concept. Later, Kerala texts like Tantrasaṅgraha also discuss this concept. In two Kerala texts, Karaṇottama of Acyuta Piṣāraṭi (late sixteenth century) and Dṛkkaraṇa (1608 CE), the use of the concept of derivative is used in a very different context, namely, computations pertaining to vyatīpāta. In this paper, we describe the algorithms involving the ‘krāntigati’ or the rate of change of the declinations of the Sun and the Moon involving the derivative conept, in these two texts.","PeriodicalId":43899,"journal":{"name":"INDIAN JOURNAL OF HISTORY OF SCIENCE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135688115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Advent, appropriation, and aesthetics of electric light in the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir, (1900–1920) 查谟和克什米尔土邦电灯的出现、挪用和美学(1900-1920)
INDIAN JOURNAL OF HISTORY OF SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-09-01 DOI: 10.1007/s43539-023-00093-1
Baasit Abubakr, Saradindu Bhaduri
{"title":"Advent, appropriation, and aesthetics of electric light in the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir, (1900–1920)","authors":"Baasit Abubakr, Saradindu Bhaduri","doi":"10.1007/s43539-023-00093-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43539-023-00093-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43899,"journal":{"name":"INDIAN JOURNAL OF HISTORY OF SCIENCE","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135299003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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