{"title":"Intercalated degrees and special study modules","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/med/9780199681907.003.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199681907.003.0005","url":null,"abstract":"Chapter 5 outlines the key considerations for every medical student considering undertaking an intercalated degree. Intercalated degrees offer the opportunity for each medical student to gain a further stand-alone degree in the course of their medical training. This chapter outlines the difference experiences on offer as part of an intercalated degree: from laboratory-based research to involvement in clinical studies, projects relating to healthcare policy, economics, and public or global health, and may involve work undertaken abroad or at another medical school or institution. This chapter systematically outlines the pros and cons of undertaking an intercalated degree. Furthermore, advice on how to choose a project and supervisor and tips on how to get the most out of your time during this year are outlined. Presenting and publishing research are key academic skills which enhance your academic record but also present opportunities for further understanding your research and may foster collaboration with other research groups. This chapter presents tips on how to present research (both poster and oral presentation), abstract writing, poster design, and advice on strategies to ensure your research gets published in the peer-reviewed academic literature. An overview of statistics, including the basic language used in statistics, is provided.","PeriodicalId":438927,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Handbook for Medical School","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114565183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Going clinical","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/med/9780199681907.003.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199681907.003.0006","url":null,"abstract":"‘Going clinical’ provides practical advice for preparing for, learning from, and enjoying time spent on clinical placements. The chapter describes the day-to-day running of the hospital, introduces the different members of the multidisciplinary team, and offers practical insights into professional behaviour, clinical responsibility, and teamwork. Different clinical environments including the outpatient clinic, the operating theatre, and the wards are described, with advice on how to maximize the learning opportunities offered. The chapter includes an introduction to history taking, clinical examination, documentation, as well as an overview of the interpretation of chest and abdominal X-rays.","PeriodicalId":438927,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Handbook for Medical School","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127997931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Making decisions","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/med/9780199681907.003.0053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199681907.003.0053","url":null,"abstract":"Chapter 53 outlines the importance of early career decisions at medical school and career destinations. Choosing a specialty is a preoccupation of every medical student: keeping an open mind while experiencing what is on offer is important, and yet some early career decisions can focus the CV towards a career goal. This chapter offers advice on how to manage this decision-making process and where to find out more information. In particular, the selection of base hospital, student-selected components, medical elective, intercalated degree, project option/research placement, and entry for prizes are examples of choices facing each medical student for which advice is offered. Career decision tools are available which may help an individual to understand their working preferences/styles and how these may map to a given specialty. An approach to considering personality traits and job traits is outlined which may assist with decision-making. Choosing a career is an exciting process and one that you will justify to many medical students, friends, and colleagues in the future. A plethora of helpful resources are listed at the end of this chapter to help you in making this important decision.","PeriodicalId":438927,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Handbook for Medical School","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131925651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Upper gastrointestinal and hepatopancreatobiliary surgery","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/med/9780199681907.003.0042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199681907.003.0042","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter reviews upper gastrointestinal surgery (UGI) for diseases of the oesophagus, stomach, gall bladder and biliary system, and the duodenum as well as an overlap with hepatopancreatobiliary (HPB) surgery. It highlights ‘places to be’ to see UGI conditions including the emergency department, radiology, ward, theatre, and intensive therapy unit, and radiology and endoscopy procedures to see. Common UGI conditions are discussed including oesophageal dysmotility and cancer, hiatus hernia, gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, and gastric cancer. There is a helpful section detailing bariatric surgery with appropriate information for a medical student. It also discusses HPB conditions such as gallstone disease, biliary colic, and acute pancreatitis. It also reviews pancreatic operations such as Whipple’s procedure. This chapter includes good pictorial guidance and is written for both those looking to apply for medicine, and those in medical school.","PeriodicalId":438927,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Handbook for Medical School","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129964059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ear, nose, and throat surgery","authors":"Andrew Marshall","doi":"10.1093/med/9780199681907.003.0035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199681907.003.0035","url":null,"abstract":"Chapter 35 provides an overview of ear, nose, and throat (ENT) surgery. The most common presentations encountered in ENT surgery are summarized including acute tonsillitis and quinsy, otitis externa, head and neck cancer, and airway emergencies. A more detailed description of the clinical presentation of common diseases encountered in ENT clinics is provided covering otitis externa, lower motor neuron facial nerve palsy, nasal fractures, acute otitis media, neck lumps, and vertigo. The roles of investigations used to support diagnosis in ENT including audiography, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging are described. The presentation and management of acute presentations in ENT seen in emergency departments including epistaxis, acute peritonsillar abscess, airway emergencies, periorbital cellulitis, including airway assessment are described. An overview of commonly performed ENT operations is provided including tonsillectomy, grommet insertion, thyroidectomy, neck dissection, and tracheostomy. An approach to clinical skills in ENT (including common OSCE stations in exams) is described, including history taking, examination of neck lumps, thyroid exam, and ear examination. Clinical tests of hearing are presented and their interpretation described.","PeriodicalId":438927,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Handbook for Medical School","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115695907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Psychiatry","authors":"M. Paterson, E. Stengel","doi":"10.1093/med/9780199681907.003.0029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199681907.003.0029","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter covers all major psychiatric presentations and how to take a psychiatric history and from this, make a formulation detailing predisposing, precipitating, perpetuating, and protective factors for the patient with a psychiatric problem. The chapter also describes the mental state examination. The chapter identifies the multidisciplinary team that students will encounter on a psychiatry placement, including community psychiatric nurses, occupational therapists, and psychologists. The chapter opens with a summary of the UK Mental Health Act and the principles underlying capacity and the assessment of capacity. The chapter analyses psychosis, describing both hallucinations and delusions, and links these to both organic causes (e.g. a brain tumour, alcohol misuse, central nervous system infection, autoimmune conditions) and psychiatric disorders (schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and drug-induced psychosis). Schizophrenia is discussed in detail, including Schneider’s first-rank symptoms (e.g. auditory hallucinations), and first- and second-generation antipsychotic drugs are described, including their side effects. Bipolar affective disorder is described, including acute management of acute mania. Depression is also covered, including Beck’s triad of helplessness, hopelessness, and feelings of worthlessness, and further breaking these down into biological and psychological features. Indications for antidepressant medication and electroconvulsive therapy and their side effects are discussed. Emotionally unstable borderline personality disorder, obsessive–compulsive disorder, eating disorders, and anxiety disorders are also explored.","PeriodicalId":438927,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Handbook for Medical School","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132257154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Other assessments","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/med/9780199681907.003.0052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199681907.003.0052","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter reviews other assessments encountered in medical school such as reflective practice, presentations, essays, and dissertations. The chapter discusses why reflection is such an important component of ongoing medical training, even through the postgraduate years, and provides a solid foundation to build on in medical school. It provides an overview of different presentations and how to structure them, as well as tips for success. A discussion of longer pieces of work, essays and dissertations, providing clear guidelines, makes the thought of writing these less daunting. This chapter includes advice on planning, troubleshooting, and working with a supervisor. It is written for both those looking to apply for medicine, and those in medical school.","PeriodicalId":438927,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Handbook for Medical School","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129749839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Obstetrics and gynaecology","authors":"J. N. Ndungu","doi":"10.1093/med/9780199681907.003.0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199681907.003.0023","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter on obstetrics and gynaecology (O&G) is well structured and covers pregnancy, childbirth, and diseases of the female reproductive tract including infertility and cancer. It reviews common conditions, their incidence, presentation, investigations, and management. It also discusses pre-pregnancy counselling and antenatal care in addition to stages of normal labour. High-risk pregnancies with twins or placenta praevia are explained for ease of understanding. It covers emergencies in O&G including ectopic pregnancy, sepsis, and cord prolapse. Uterine cancers are discussed with management. It also includes details on common operations such as hysterectomy, hysteroscopy, Caesarean and other assisted deliveries. This title includes how to perform both O&G history and examination. It is written for both those looking to apply for medicine, and those in medical school.","PeriodicalId":438927,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Handbook for Medical School","volume":"168 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116456927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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