{"title":"Neither Authoritarian nor Superfluous","authors":"Yonatan Y. Brafman","doi":"10.1093/OSO/9780198811374.003.0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OSO/9780198811374.003.0015","url":null,"abstract":"This study addresses the project of grounding the legitimacy of halakhic-legal authorities, like rabbis or rabbinic courts. Importantly, this inquiry is distinct from, but related to, investigation into the justification of halakhic norms. I begin by exploring the work of Eliezer Berkovits. I argue that he offers a robust teleological justification of halakhic norms by showing how they are aimed at a moral purpose and how this purpose guides halakhic-legal practice. On this account, the directives of halakhic-legal authorities do not possess any independent normativity, for they only direct individuals to perform actions that they already have reason to do anyway, specifically the reasons that Berkovits indicates in his justification of halakhic norms. I offer a new model for grounding the legitimacy of halakhic-legal authorities that links it to the justification of halakhic norms without reducing it to that effort.","PeriodicalId":438846,"journal":{"name":"Jewish Philosophy in an Analytic Age","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128639325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Metaphysics out of the Sources of the Halakha or a Halakhic Metaphysic?","authors":"A. Segal","doi":"10.1093/OSO/9780198811374.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OSO/9780198811374.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"A handful of analytic philosophers have examined certain legal (halakhic) passages from the Talmud to uncover what appear to be fairly clear views on the metaphysics of material objects, actions, identity, and time. Should we take these appearances at face value? I will argue that the rabbis of the Talmud employed legal variants of concepts that are naturally and automatically employed in ordinary metaphysical theorizing, where the variant is determined in large part by what would make the rabbis’ metaphysical claims true. This latter fact has the consequence that it is very difficult for a Talmudic rabbi to stake out a controversial metaphysical claim, or even a straightforwardly metaphysical claim, period. We philosophers should continue trying to extract metaphysics from halakha, but we shouldn’t presume that what we uncover will involve the metaphysical concepts we’re accustomed to. We should rather be prepared for a halakhic reconceptualization of the world.","PeriodicalId":438846,"journal":{"name":"Jewish Philosophy in an Analytic Age","volume":"250 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120894021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Should Theists Eschew Theodicies?","authors":"D. Shatz","doi":"10.1093/OSO/9780198811374.003.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OSO/9780198811374.003.0011","url":null,"abstract":"Moses Nachmanides argues that people who oppose the project of theodicy are “fools who despise wisdom.” Other Jewish thinkers have argued that it is impious and/or imprudent to offer theodicies in explanation of the evils in our world. This chapter critically examines religious arguments put forward against the project of theodicy.","PeriodicalId":438846,"journal":{"name":"Jewish Philosophy in an Analytic Age","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132431340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Morality of Biblical Deception","authors":"Shira Weiss","doi":"10.1093/OSO/9780198811374.003.0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OSO/9780198811374.003.0014","url":null,"abstract":"The chapter explores the philosophical question of whether or not it is ever moral to lie or deceive. Despite the Bible’s prohibitions against lying (Ex. 20:12; Lev. 19:11; Prov. 6:17), there are many instances in biblical narrative in which deceptive means are used to achieve a desired end. Exegetes go to great lengths to temper biblical characters’ lies and philosophers allegorize or attempt to harmonize biblical texts in order to idealize biblical characters. Such biblical interpretation will be examined from the perspective of moral philosophy in order better to appreciate the ethical teachings of the Bible.","PeriodicalId":438846,"journal":{"name":"Jewish Philosophy in an Analytic Age","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133444439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Atzmut and Sefirot","authors":"Joshua L. Golding","doi":"10.1093/OSO/9780198811374.003.0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OSO/9780198811374.003.0013","url":null,"abstract":"The term atzmut designates the divine essence. The sefirot, by contrast, have to do with the ways in which the divine essence is manifest or expressed. The dual doctrine of atzmut and sefirot aims to preserve the notion that while God’s essence is perfectly one, it is also true that this essence manifests itself in many different ways. In this chapter, we shall explore different ways of understanding this doctrine. The standard view is that atzmut is an entity or being, and that the sefirot are also entities or beings. The alternative approach is that neither atzmut nor sefirot designate entities or beings. Rather, atzmut designates Being itself, and the sefirot designate the ways in which Being is manifest. I shall argue that the alternative approach has several philosophical or conceptual advantages over the standard approach.","PeriodicalId":438846,"journal":{"name":"Jewish Philosophy in an Analytic Age","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131900758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Talmudic Destiny","authors":"E. Hirsch","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780198811374.003.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198811374.003.0002","url":null,"abstract":"My aim in this chapter is to explore various connections between the Talmudic topic of “breira” and philosophical issues related to time and destiny. I argue that it is plausible that two leading positions in the Talmudic literature correspond respectively to Aristotle’s view and Ockhamism. I then try to defend the more ambitious claim that Rashi’s position corresponds to a novel third view on the open future not found in any familiar literature. I attempt to explain this new view","PeriodicalId":438846,"journal":{"name":"Jewish Philosophy in an Analytic Age","volume":"35 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133086673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hume and Maimonides on Imaginability and Possibility","authors":"M. Steiner","doi":"10.1093/OSO/9780198811374.003.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OSO/9780198811374.003.0007","url":null,"abstract":"Much of David Hume’s Treatise of Human Nature is based on the following axiom: Possibility is identical to imaginability. From this axiom, he derives his notorious view that there are no necessary connections between events, as well as his anti-Euclidean propositions that there are minimal distances and times. Maimonides explicitly denounced this axiom as being the central doctrine of the Kalamist theologians of Islam. He proceeds to show the “absurdities” that flow from it, and works out an entire philosophy which he attributes to the Kalam—including the Humean doctrines mentioned above. Since scholars deny the historicity of Maimonides’ “Kalam,” and say that Maimonides was only caricaturing the Kalam in order to discredit it, one arrives at the startling conclusion that Maimonides, hundreds of years before the birth of David Hume, discovered Hume’s philosophy.","PeriodicalId":438846,"journal":{"name":"Jewish Philosophy in an Analytic Age","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133286156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Commentary on a Midrash","authors":"Samuel Lebens","doi":"10.1093/OSO/9780198811374.003.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OSO/9780198811374.003.0005","url":null,"abstract":"In this philosophical commentary on a Midrash about the Song of Songs, I attempt to showcase the ways in which analytic philosophy can help one to unpack the Midrash, and how the Midrash can also give rise to insights that might generate new avenues for philosophical research. A number of philosophers in the analytic tradition have been, and continue to be, interested in the nature of metaphor. I bring that literature into conversation with a noteworthy midrashic meditation on the nature of metaphors and parables.","PeriodicalId":438846,"journal":{"name":"Jewish Philosophy in an Analytic Age","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128006543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Good, the Bad, and the Nonidentity Problem","authors":"Saul Smilansky","doi":"10.1093/OSO/9780198811374.003.0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OSO/9780198811374.003.0017","url":null,"abstract":"Individuals often feel moral indignation, resentment, and regret, regarding wrongs committed towards their collective in the past. However, there are good reasons to be skeptical about such beliefs and sentiments or, at least, to see them as more problematic than normally thought. Building upon my previous work, particularly concerning “Fortunate Misfortune” and the implications of the “Nonidentity Problem” for history, I consider some of the associated difficulties. I focus upon the Jewish case; which seems to express the difficulties in a particularly acute way.","PeriodicalId":438846,"journal":{"name":"Jewish Philosophy in an Analytic Age","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115688712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Maimonides and his Predecessors on Dying for God as “Sanctification of the Name of God”","authors":"J. Stern","doi":"10.1093/OSO/9780198811374.003.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OSO/9780198811374.003.0009","url":null,"abstract":"Maimonides’ view of the significance of dying for God, I will argue, is his understanding of the phrase that the rabbis appropriated (at least by the Middle Ages) for dying in martyrdom scenarios—namely, “Qiddush HaShem,” literally: “Sanctification of the Name [of God].” For Maimonides, a holy life is no more but also no less than a life constituted by perfect performance of all commandments in the Mosaic Law without exception. Does this ideal allow for—indeed mandate in specific circumstances—transgressing rather than dying, especially when coerced? Or does a truly holy life require nothing less than perfect performance of all commandments allowing for no violations under any circumstances? The view that demands perfect observance of all commandments in all circumstances, I will call “holiness perfectionism.” Maimonides, I shall argue, offers a critique of this view.","PeriodicalId":438846,"journal":{"name":"Jewish Philosophy in an Analytic Age","volume":"145 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127695559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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