Led i Sneg-Ice and Snow最新文献

{"title":"Use of stable water isotopes to identify stages of the pingo ice core formation","authors":"J. Chizhova, Y. Vasil'chuk","doi":"10.15356/2076-6734-2018-4-507-523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15356/2076-6734-2018-4-507-523","url":null,"abstract":"Te isotopic characteristics of the pingo ice cores are considered. Te distribution of δ18O and δ2H values, dexc, δ18O–δ2H and δ2H–d exc relationships, and the simulation of the distribution of δ18O and δ2H values during the ice formation in a closed system, allowed drawing conclusion about the hydrological conditions and stages of the ice core growth. All pingos (Pestsovoye, Weather, Pingo-20) were formed in draining lake basins in the course of freezing of closed taliks. It is established that the water, which served as a source for the formation of the ice core, was subjected to evaporation still before the ice formation. According to our estimates, the water from which the ice of the Pestsovoye pingo was formed was heavier in values of δ18O and δ2H by 3.9 and 29.7‰, respectively, than the current average annual precipitation in the region. Similarly, for the ice of the core of the Pingo Weather it is 2.9 and 14.5‰, and 5.1 and 27.7‰ for the Pingo-20, respectively. In the ice cores of all considered pingos there is an ice formed in a closed system: in Pingo-20 it is a pure injection ice, while in the Pestsovoye and the Weser ones – the injected-segregated ice. Te frost mounds Pestsovoe and Weser grew under changing hydrological conditions: one part of the ice was formed when there was a free flow of water to the freezing front (open system); the other one – when the water-saturated lenses of the closed talik were frozen (closed system). Te isotopic composition of ice being formed under conditions of a closed system reflects isotopic depletion during freezing and ice formation according to the Rayleigh model. It is expressed in a successive decrease in the values of δ18O and δ2H from the frst portions of ice to the last ones as the freezing continued. Te contrast values of δ18O and δ2H in different parts of the ice being formed in the closed system may be used as an additional tool to identify direction of freezing. In a closed system, the last portions of ice have the greater contrast of the isotope values as compared to the frst portions.","PeriodicalId":43880,"journal":{"name":"Led i Sneg-Ice and Snow","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2018-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83395934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geochemistry of ice in frost mounds in the valley of the River Sentsa (Oka plateau, East Sayan)","authors":"S. Alekseev, L. Alekseeva","doi":"10.15356/2076-6734-2018-4-524-536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15356/2076-6734-2018-4-524-536","url":null,"abstract":"Te authors examined the chemical composition of underground ice sampled from the frost mounds located in the loose (unconsolidated) sediments of the Sentsa River valley (Oka plateau, Eastern Sayan) with the purpose of reconstruction the formation history of these cryogenic creations. Numerous frost mounds of various sizes are mainly composed of alternating icy loams, sandy loams, and lenses of pure ice. Samples of underground ice taken in the outcrops of the river ledges and cores from wells together with samples of river and lake waters were analyzed by traditional hydrochemical techniques (methods) in the center \"Geodynamics and geochronology\" (Institute of the Earth's Crust of the Siberian branch of RAS, Irkutsk). It was found that the chemical composition of pure ice melts from lenses and layers of the frost mounds is hydrocarbonate calcium (HCO3 Ca, SO4-HCO3 Ca and NH4-HCO3 Ca) with mineralization of 6.5 – 15.6 mg/L, pH = 5.6÷6.1. Mineralization of melts of texture-forming ice, taken from icy ground (i.e. with fractions of enclosing loams) was much higher – from 50 to 792.5 mg/L. River and lake water is ultra-fresh with 99–132 mg/L salinity, and according to geochemical type it is hydrocarbonate calcium (HCO3 Ca). Te specifc features of chemical composition of the underground ice (high content of ammonium salts and sulfates) depend on a water-rock interaction, the presence of organic matter in the loose (unconsolidated) sediments and a repeated volcanic activity in the late Pleistocene–Holocene. Te frost mounds are confned to a lacustrine sediments area in the backwater zone that was formed by the Late Pleistocene terminal moraine. Teir formation in the Holocene took place as a result of segregational ice formation during freezing of water-saturated lake sediments, and, presumably, repeated injections of underground waters of the under-channel and floodplain aquifers hydraulically connected with river waters. Tus, the genesis of the studied frost mounds is probably a mixed segregation-injection process.","PeriodicalId":43880,"journal":{"name":"Led i Sneg-Ice and Snow","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2018-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87606782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Planet Earth is the world of snow and Ice. Mysteries of ice crystals by eyes of the photographer-painter","authors":"V. Kotlyakov","doi":"10.15356/2076-6734-2018-3-429-432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15356/2076-6734-2018-3-429-432","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>.</jats:p>","PeriodicalId":43880,"journal":{"name":"Led i Sneg-Ice and Snow","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2018-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66930192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of opening in the ice cover formed by the gas vents","authors":"G. S. Bordonskiy, S. D. Krylov, A. A. Gurulev, A. Orlov, S. Tsyrenzhapov","doi":"10.15356/2076-6734-2018-3-405-416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15356/2076-6734-2018-3-405-416","url":null,"abstract":"«Proparina» (russ) is a small hole in the ice cover formed by steaming of the ice by the gas vents. Some characteristics of this phenomenon were studied by the example of formation of one proparina found in March 2015 in the ice cover of the shallow eutrophic Lake Shakshinskoye (Trans-Baikal Region). The interest in this object is due to the fact that a proparina, unlike a polynya (small water opening in ice), is formed after the establishment of the ice cover and it can appear in those parts of a reservoir where there is no clearly expressed inflow or outflow of water. Although proparinas do often occur on some water bodies, e.g. Lake Baikal, a detailed description of their structure and process of formation is not available. Research on features of the proparina in the ice of the Lake Shakshinskoye and adjacent areas of this reservoir was carried out on March 25 and 28 in 2015. Melting at the lower and upper ice cover boundaries started at that time, and it was found that the proparina under investigation was formed in the center of a dome-shaped area where the ice thickness decreased compared to the adjoining parts within a distance of 200 meters. Gradient of the lower surface in the dome was on average 5 centimeters per 100 meters at a distance from the center. We found a narrow channel in the ice through which gas came into the proparina in the form of separate portions. The maximum recorded volume of gas that came into the open proparina reached 10 l/min. The channel is supposed to be formed at the end of winter period due to the release of gas during the melting of the lower layers of the ice cover and the subsequent movement of gas bubbles into the center of the dome. To study the ice cover structure, we measured thermo-microwave self-radiation of the “ice-water” system in the centimeter range. Such measurements allow detecting changes in ice thickness with an accuracy of 1 cm. It is assumed that the accumulation of gases under the ice causes the instability of the water column due to warming by the heat fl w from the bottom layers and initiates the circulation and, thus, formation of proparina.","PeriodicalId":43880,"journal":{"name":"Led i Sneg-Ice and Snow","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2018-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80006564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of acoustic properties of snow-covered sea ice","authors":"R. A. Balakin, G. I. Vilkov","doi":"10.15356/2076-6734-2018-3-387-395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15356/2076-6734-2018-3-387-395","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents results of field observations of hydroacoustic characteristics of snow-covered ice cover in shallow seas of the Arctic shelf. The purpose of the research was to determine the quantitative characteristics of the reflection and absorption coefficients of sound from the bottom of the drifting ice cover, as well as the Doppler broadening of the frequency spectrum of acoustic signals depending on the thickness of the ice, the structure of the reflecting surface, the thickness of the snow cover, and the ice drift speed. The objective of the research was to obtain the data necessary for choosing optimal parameters of specialized hydroacoustic equipment designed to monitor ice conditions in the areas of operation of offshore oil and gas platforms. Researches were conducted in areas of active construction of engineering marine constructions and carrying out the transport operations. The research methodology was based on the use of an autonomous measuring complex, which for a long period was installed on the bottom of the sea at depths of 50 to 130 m. The recording system consisted of the following components: upward looking pulse sonar of the IPS-5 type produced by the Canadian company ASL; the Doppler meter of the ice drift speed ADCP (the RDI firm); and a RSM-7 electromechanical current meter. All devices operated in continuous mode with a measurement cycle of 1s, the results were recorded in memory and processed after lifting the devices to the surface. The time delays of signals reflected from the ice cover, as well as the amplitudes and variations of the sound attenuation depending on the reflectance and absorption coefficients were recorded in the memory of the up-looking sonar. Variations of time delays were used to calculate a settlement of ice formations and to determine the shape of the reflective surface, including the angles of inclination of ice keels. Doppler shift of frequency of reflected acoustic signals and broadening of the frequency spectrum were calculated using values of the ice drift speed and changes of immersion depths of hummocks. Acoustic characteristics were measured repeatedly during several seasons of each year from 2010 to 2017. This investigation made possible to obtain statistical estimates of the distributions of the reflection coefficient of the sound and the quantitative values of broadening of the frequency spectrum of acoustic signals depending on the angle of incidence of the acoustic rays, the nature of the irregularities and the structure of the reflective surfaces of ice and snow cover thickness and the drift speed. The results obtained by this research allowed reasonable choosing and calculating the basic characteristics of the hydroacoustic equipment intended for runtime diagnostics of ice cover in zones of marine engineering structures.","PeriodicalId":43880,"journal":{"name":"Led i Sneg-Ice and Snow","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2018-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66930065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The chemical composition of ice and water under ice of Lake Onega (the case of Petrozavodsk Bay)","authors":"A. Sabylina, T. Efremova","doi":"10.15356/2076-6734-2018-1-417-428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15356/2076-6734-2018-1-417-428","url":null,"abstract":"Data on the content of ions, nutrients and organic substance in snow on the ice as well as in the ice and water under ice in the Petrozavodsk Bay and Central part of Onega Lake (March 2017) as well as in the snow cover on the Petrozavodsk Bay shore (2008–2017) are presented. In areas of the Petrozavodsk Bay experiencing anthropogenic and natural impacts, chloride ions prevail among anions in crystallo-hydrates, while sulphate ions are prevalent at the exit from the Bay and in the central part of the lake (clean water). The water under ice has a bicarbonate-calcium composition. Among the inorganic forms of nitrogen compounds (NH4+, NO2, NO3) ammonium ions prevail in the ice(70%), while in snow and the water under ice the prevalent are nitrate ions and organic nitrogen. The content of nitrogen compounds and mineral and total phosphorus is increased in the upper layer of ice. Note, that chemical composition of ice cover is formed by both, a water under the ice and atmospheric precipitation. To determine intensity of involvement of dissolved substances to the ice in combination with ice-forming water, the coefficient of involvement Kv was used. As is shown by our studies, value of the involvement index Kv is individual for each chemical component, however a certain general regularity is observed. Thus, the not proportional relations between contents of ammonium and phosphate ions in ice and water under ice were noticed. The increased involvement indices of NH4+and РО43−into the ice from the water under ice seem to be due to the high rate of migration of these ions together with detachment of them from organic matter molecules.","PeriodicalId":43880,"journal":{"name":"Led i Sneg-Ice and Snow","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2018-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72422626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the evolution of the Northeastern Russia glacier systems using regular grid meteorological data","authors":"A. Mikhailov, M. Ananicheva","doi":"10.15356/2076-6734-2018-3-322-332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15356/2076-6734-2018-3-322-332","url":null,"abstract":"A methodical approach is proposed for calculating the equilibrium line altitudeHELAof glacier systems (on the example of the Northeastern Russia) on the basis of the characteristics that determine it in time and space: from the archive of temperature and precipitation at the grid points (the UDel archive, Delaware University). This data is used in the equation of mass balance of the glacier systems for the calculation of its components. As a result, the output is the inter-annual series of deviations ofHELAfrom the mean value and the ratio between accumulation and solid precipitation in the regular grids over the glacial systems. By the longterm series of theHELAdeviations the periods of minimum and maximumHELAstate were revealed for various glacial systems, as well as linear trends of these series. This made us possible to evaluate theHELAtrends in the future using the linear regression method. The sensitivity of the method of the initial parameters – the mean values of the summer air temperature, solid precipitation and theHELAvalue, received independently, have been estimated. Thus, the method allows detailing theHELAchanges in space with the resolution of the archive used, and in time for each year of the selected climatic period.","PeriodicalId":43880,"journal":{"name":"Led i Sneg-Ice and Snow","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2018-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78620695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of thermal conductivity of snow by its density and hardness in Svalbard","authors":"V. Kotlyakov, A. V. Sosnovsky, N. Osokin","doi":"10.15356/2076-6734-2018-3-343-352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15356/2076-6734-2018-3-343-352","url":null,"abstract":"The results of experimental investigation of thermal conductivity of snow on the Svalbard archipelago in the conditions of natural occurrence are considered. The observations were carried out in the spring of 2013–2015 in the vicinity of the meteorological station «Barentsburg». The obtained data were processed using the Fourier equation of thermal conductivity that allowed determination of the coefficient t of thermal conductivity of the snow with different structure and density. The thermal conductivity of snow depends on the contacts between ice crystals. The larger the contact area, the better the heat transfer from one layer to another. But the strength characteristics of snow, and especially its hardness, depend on the bonds between ice crystals, so the thermal conductivity and hardness of snow depend on the structure of snow. Note, that measurements of snow hardness are less laborious than measurements of its thermal conductivity. For layers of snow cover of different hardness the relationship between snow thermal conductivity and its density has been established. To verify the reliability of the approach to the determination of snow thermal conductivity, numerical experiments were performed on a mathematical model, which did show good convergence of the results. The obtained formulas for the coefficient of thermal conductivity of very loose, loose, medium and hard snow (according to the international classification of seasonal snow falls) are compared with the data of other studies. It was found that when the snow density is within the range 0.15–0.40 g/cm3 these formulas cover the main variety of thermal conductivity of snow. This allows estimating the coefficient of thermal conductivity and to determine the thermal resistance of snow cover in the field by measuring the density and hardness of different layers of snow.","PeriodicalId":43880,"journal":{"name":"Led i Sneg-Ice and Snow","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2018-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88364195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of the surface moraine on the state of Djankuat Glacier (Central Caucasus) by 2025","authors":"A. Rezepkin, V. Popovnin","doi":"10.15356/2076-6734-2018-3-307-321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15356/2076-6734-2018-3-307-321","url":null,"abstract":"Current glaciation of the Central Caucasus is in the regressive stage of evolution. Observed long rising of the air temperature in the ablation seasons (almost 1 °C since 1968 on the Djankuat Glacier) together with insignificant growth of winter precipitation caused a long period of the glacier degradation: since 1871 the mass balance of the glacier, with rare exceptions, remained negative. During this time, the glacier has lost about 60 m w.e. mainly by areas of the smallest ice thickness, i.e. the steep slopes of the rocky framing of the fi n basin which become exposing from ice due to conditions of extreme instability. In parallel with the processes of freezing and thawing in cracks, this leads to a signifi ant increase in the frequency of rockfalls. In 2001–2003, huge rockfalls occurred on the glacier from the slopes, which had recently undergone deglaciation. The last one covered 4% of the glacier surface with about 70 000 m3of clastic products. The marine cover differs significantly from the open ice surface in its thermal characteristics, which affect the structure of the thermal balance and the absolute values of ablation. The temperature inside the moraine is positive throughout the ablation season, even at a depth of 60 cm, but the absolute values of daily maximum melting are five times lower than those on open ice. The influence of the moraine material layer on the ablation is determined not only by its thickness, but also by the structure. The fi ld experiment conducted in 2011 demonstrated that melting under a layer of coarse-grained material (particle diameter 16–17 cm) is four times faster than under a layer of fi e-grained (7–8 cm) material equal in thickness. The study of the influence of the surface moraine and the account of its further growth in thickness and area made it possible to predict changes in the surface of the glacier by 2025. The climatic forecast was made using the HadCM3 model (A2 climate change scenario). Data on air temperature and precipitation were used to construct a predictive fi ld of the mass balance of the Djankuat Glacier for each year until 2025. Th s became possible by the use of a quantitative parameterized relationship between the mass balance of the entire glacier and each of its points, identifi d in the study of the total mass transfer of the glacier, as well as parameterized linear regression equations. The forecast of hypsometry of the Djankuat Glacier made it possible to determine that by 2025 the depression of the tongue areas covered by the moraine will be 7–15 m (or 42–45%) smaller than areas of the open ice. Th s means that at the present stage of the glaciation development the surface moraine plays a role in the evolution of the glacier, commensurable with the climate factor.","PeriodicalId":43880,"journal":{"name":"Led i Sneg-Ice and Snow","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2018-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77417856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surge development in the western sector of the Vavilov Ice Cap, Severnaya Zemlya, 1963–2017","authors":"I. Bushueva, A. Glazovsky, G. Nosenko","doi":"10.15356/2076-6734-2018-3-293-306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15356/2076-6734-2018-3-293-306","url":null,"abstract":"The glaciers and ice caps in the Arctic are experiencing noticeable changes which are manifested, in particular, in the intensification of their dynamic instability. In this paper we present data on a largescale surge in the Western basin of the Vavilov ice dome on the archipelago Severnaya Zemlya, derived from satellite images and supplemented by airborne RES-2014 and available publications. Analysis of 28 space images of 1963–2017 demonstrated that the surge developed over the whole period. In the fi st decade (1963–1973), the advance was very slow – from 2–5 to 12 m/year. Since the 1980-ies, the ice movement began to accelerate from tens to a hundred of meters per a year in the 2000-ies. The sudden change happened in the year 2012 when the surge front began to move already at speeds of about 0.5 km/year. In 2015, the volume of advanced part reached almost 4 km3. Maximal speed 9.2 km/year was recorded in 2016. From 1963 to 2017, the edge of the glacier advanced by 11.7 km, and its area increased by 134.1 km2 (by 47% relative to the basin area of 1963), that caused spreading of crevasse zone up the glacier. Surface speeds reached a maximum of 25.4 m/day in 2016 and decreased to 7.6 m/day in 2017. The authors suggest that the initial activation of the southern and western edges of the ice dome could be a reaction to the climate signal, possibly occurred several centuries ago. The ice crevassing and cryo-hydrological warming of ice, enhanced by positive feedback, resulted in instability of the glacier and the displacement of the edge of the ice belt containing moraine and frozen to the bed, which transformed into a catastrophic movement. The surge was facilitated by change of bedrock conditions as the ice lobe progressed offshore from permafrost coastal zone to the area of loose marine bottom sediments with low shear strength. The surge seems to be also stimulated by anomalously warm summer of 2012.","PeriodicalId":43880,"journal":{"name":"Led i Sneg-Ice and Snow","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2018-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66929801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}