Safer Communities最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of a collision-involved driver improvement scheme","authors":"J. Adams-Guppy, A. Guppy","doi":"10.1108/SC-10-2020-0035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/SC-10-2020-0035","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000The purpose of this study is to compare driver knowledge, attitudes and perceptions (in terms of hazard, risk, accident, offence detection and driving skill perceptions) and self-reported driving style in a sample of 461 drivers before and after attending a UK driver improvement scheme for culpable collision-involved drivers, to inform future directions in the design of driver retraining programmes.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000Participants were a sample of 461 drivers attending a UK 1.5 day driver improvement scheme course for culpable collision-involved drivers. The course contained classroom-based training and a practical driving component. Participants completed a driver improvement scheme questionnaire before and immediately after attending the 1.5-day course and again 3 months later.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000Results indicated significant pre- and post-course effects in terms of increased driving safety with respect to driving knowledge, perceptions of control, perceived likelihood of accident-involvement, hazard perception and reported risk-taking. Key positive effects of reduced risk-taking and near-misses persisted three months after course completion.\u0000\u0000\u0000Research limitations/implications\u0000One limitation of this study is that at the 3-month follow-up there was a reduction in the response rate (44.69%) which included significantly fewer young drivers.\u0000\u0000\u0000Practical implications\u0000Results indicate positive behavioural, perceptual and behavioural changes, along with specific age, gender and driving experience effects which have implications for the design of future driving courses.\u0000\u0000\u0000Social implications\u0000This study has implications for community safety through enhanced road safety training measures.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000The analysis of age, gender and driving experience effects of the impact of this driver improvement scheme will allow targeted training methods for specific groups of drivers.\u0000","PeriodicalId":43879,"journal":{"name":"Safer Communities","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43744237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Working with marginalized groups: towards more holistic strategies for social exclusion reduction of the Roma community in Kosovo","authors":"A. Balidemaj","doi":"10.1108/SC-06-2020-0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/SC-06-2020-0021","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000This paper aims to identify the successful strategies, through literature review, to be used in Kosovo to help integrate the Roma community and to reduce the community’s overall social exclusion. This paper further examines the gaps between strategies and implementation results in reducing the social exclusion of the Roma through experiences of other European countries with similar political and socio-economic history as Kosovo.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000This paper uses a literature review and further examines the experiences of other European countries, with similar political and socio-economic history as Kosovo and their strategies in eliminating the social exclusion for Roma communities. A holistic socio-ecological approach is used as a recommended model to be used for the development of a strategy to reduce social exclusion among Roma Communities in Kosovo.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The social and economic implications are extremely negative for countries with large Roma minorities, such as Western Balkan countries and the European Union (EU) as a whole. Roma inclusion policies both in the EU and Western Balkans contain considerable flaws and tend to ignore the variables of discrimination and antigypsyism. There is an obvious need to act more urgently to prevent the exclusion of Roma and to create strategies for better inclusion. Overall, gaps seem to remain between the strategies and implementation results.\u0000\u0000\u0000Practical implications\u0000This paper aims to add to the existing literature about the ongoing efforts of the international development assistance community and communities in the developing world. This paper also aims to show the gaps in ongoing efforts and provide generic recommendations that may be applicable in many diverse situations with the aim of leading communities toward a self-sufficient sustainable future.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000The Kosovo anti-discrimination law protects all individuals from discrimination; however, in practice, studies show that the Roma exclusion is very high in Kosovo. This paper stands among the first to analyze comparative literature and policy reviews.\u0000","PeriodicalId":43879,"journal":{"name":"Safer Communities","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41509213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating a bystander intervention to disrupt interpersonal violence/abuse","authors":"N. Roberts, H. Marsh","doi":"10.1108/SC-05-2020-0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/SC-05-2020-0018","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000It is recommended that universities implement bystander interventions to disrupt the interpersonal violence and abuse that students experience in this context. Yet, there are few evaluations of bystander interventions in the UK. Building on an existing evaluation carried out on a bystander intervention at a university in 2017/18, the purpose of this research was to evaluate the intervention.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000Using a one-way repeated measures design, analysis of variance was used to analyse pre- and post-intervention data gathered from 121 students, during 2018/19.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000As the aims of the session were met, it can be inferred individuals who participate in the bystander intervention have the potential to disrupt interpersonal violence and abuse.\u0000\u0000\u0000Research limitations/implications\u0000The small sample size and design of the survey limited the research. Further evaluations of bystander interventions are needed in the UK that utilises large samples and a validated survey.\u0000\u0000\u0000Practical implications\u0000This paper notes the importance of engaging many students in a cohort to participate on a bystander intervention.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000This study adds to the paucity of evaluations of bystander interventions in the UK. Knowing that the intervention has the potential to disrupt interpersonal violence and abuse builds the momentum for other similarly designed interventions to be implemented in universities in the UK.\u0000","PeriodicalId":43879,"journal":{"name":"Safer Communities","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42998052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Communities of practice in the resettlement of children and young people","authors":"Paul Olaitan","doi":"10.1108/sc-02-2020-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/sc-02-2020-0007","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000The purpose of this paper is to set out the role Communities of Practice (CoPs) can play in empowering and enabling practitioners and managers to lead on improvements to the delivery of interventions to children and young people leaving custody.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000This paper is based on a review of the relevant theories in the field and how these may be practically applied to the field of youth resettlement.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000CoPs are a helpful way to engage, enable and, most importantly, empower, practitioners and managers, thus unlocking the wealth of knowledge and experience that exists across the workforce.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000The originality of the piece is in its exploration of the theory and its application to the practice of youth resettlement and associated practices.\u0000","PeriodicalId":43879,"journal":{"name":"Safer Communities","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48834336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceptions of safety among visitors to China: feeling safe in an unfamiliar environment","authors":"Yongguang Zou, R. Mawby","doi":"10.1108/sc-03-2020-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/sc-03-2020-0011","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000The purpose of this paper is to address four questions: Firstly, how do tourists perceive safety from crime, specifically from robbery or violence, alongside other safety concerns? Secondly, are those who are concerned about crime also concerned about other threats to their well-being? Thirdly, how are their perceptions of safety affected by their perceptions of the local community? Finally, how are their perceptions affected by their personal and touristic characteristics?\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000Firstly, tourists did not generally see crime, specifically robbery or violence, as a problem; secondly, there was only a weak relationship between concern about crime and concern about other threats to their well-being; thirdly, in contrast, their perceptions of safety were strongly affected by their perceptions of the local community; and finally, their perceptions were affected by their personal and touristic characteristics, but not necessarily in the ways suggested by earlier research.\u0000\u0000\u0000Research limitations/implications\u0000The research sample was small and the questionnaire short. Only English-speaking visitors were included.\u0000\u0000\u0000Practical implications\u0000The tourism sector needs to appreciate role of local people in engendering feelings of safety.\u0000\u0000\u0000Social implications\u0000The attitude of the local community and their relationship with tourists is fundamental to helping visitors feel safe.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000This is the first criminological paper to compare fear of crime with the other safety issues confronting tourists and to relate these concerns to relationships with host community.\u0000","PeriodicalId":43879,"journal":{"name":"Safer Communities","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49176572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Home sharing, property crime and disorder","authors":"Jeffrey J. Roth","doi":"10.1108/sc-04-2020-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/sc-04-2020-0015","url":null,"abstract":"PurposeThis paper aims to test the association between home sharing, property crime and disorder Design/methodology/approachUsing a sample of Texas cities, this study examined the relationship between city-level home sharing density (number of listings per 10,000 residents) and five specific offenses (burglary, larceny, simple assault, disorderly conduct and public drunkenness) while controlling for the size of the local food service/accommodation and arts/entertainment sectors, economic disadvantage and other demographic variables FindingsThe results suggest a statistically significant but very small association between home sharing and four of the five offenses Research limitations/implicationsThe primary limitations of this study are that it was limited to a single state and included only a few large cities Practical implicationsThere is clearly a need for many more studies of home sharing and crime using other samples and methods If the association between home sharing and crimes is confirmed by future studies, that may affect regulation of home sharing and allocation of law enforcement resources Originality/valueOnly a few studies have examined the relationship between home sharing and crime The present study builds on that work using a sample from a new location, a different level of aggregation and previously unstudied crimes","PeriodicalId":43879,"journal":{"name":"Safer Communities","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47171301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Volunteer street patrols: responsibilised and motivated volunteering in community safety","authors":"Adam Westall","doi":"10.1108/sc-05-2020-0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/sc-05-2020-0019","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000This paper aims to contribute towards our knowledge and understanding of volunteer street patrols working within community safety and pluralised policing. Through the increased responsibilisation of communities and individuals, volunteers are taking to the streets to help others in need and support the community safety infrastructure. The example of volunteer street patrols is used to explore the motivations of individuals participating in the local delivery of community safety and policing.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000This research is drawn from ethnographic research consisting of 170 hours of participant observation on the streets of a northern UK city, Manchester, supported by 24 semi-structured interviews with volunteers and stakeholders who participate in a street patrol and those working alongside them.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000Using a three-paradigm perspective for volunteer motivations, the themes altruism, civil connection and volunteering for leisure are applied to explore volunteer motivations. Through their actions, volunteers in the street patrol are motivated volunteers who can offer an additional and important resource within the local community safety and pluralised policing infrastructure.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000This paper highlights volunteer street patrols offer a caring and supportive function to people in need on the street, one in support of the police and other agencies. It contributes to the growing understanding of those who volunteer in policing and community safety landscapes. As responsibilised citizens, they have an increased awareness of social problems. They are motivated individuals who wish to create and maintain safety and play an important role in policing the night-time economy.\u0000","PeriodicalId":43879,"journal":{"name":"Safer Communities","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48826741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why does perceive safety endure in crime hotspots? Case of Delhi","authors":"Hiroki Nakamura, Managi Shunsuke","doi":"10.1108/sc-02-2020-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/sc-02-2020-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Using a case study from Delhi, India, this study aims to investigate why perceived safety endures despite crimes in the neighborhood. Local residents in Delhi feel considerably less fearful of crime in their neighborhoods, and a majority reported feeling safe in their neighborhoods, especially during the daytime.,This paper hypothesized that similar to the crime itself, perceptions of safety or the fear of crime, also tend to be concentrated in hotspots. Following a hotspot analysis based on the respondents’ perceptions of safety, the data gathered were applied to the perceived neighborhood structure. Using two perception-of-safety models, this paper could analyze the ripple effect of individual perception on the neighborhood by adding the calculated values of the perceived safety hotspot through hotspot analysis.,The results indicated that income, trust in others, attachment to the local neighborhood and police access can increase residents’ perceptions of safety. Additionally, the neighborhoods’ perception of safety was found to positively impact the individual’s perception of safety.,This study was limited in terms of generalizing the findings. Further studies could potentially include not only other cities in India but also, cities in developing countries in Africa and Latin America, where residents tend not to fear crime despite high crime rates.,Residents’ perceived safety does not necessarily reflect local crimes and security. Local policies to improve residents’ perceptions of safety have to often be separated from crime reduction because a reduction in some crimes would not necessarily improve residents’ perception of safety. Contrarily, if the crime rate is high, as in the case of Delhi, people may have a moderate fear of crime across the neighborhood.,Notably, this study found that, along with trust in others and attachment to the local neighborhood, individuals’ perception of safety is positively affected by neighborhoods’ perception of safety, which is assessed by the alternate analytic model.","PeriodicalId":43879,"journal":{"name":"Safer Communities","volume":"19 1","pages":"183-198"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1108/sc-02-2020-0006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47664958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crime perceptions among international leisure tourists in Cape Town","authors":"Manlord Chaturuka, R. Duffett, N. Haydam","doi":"10.1108/sc-04-2020-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/sc-04-2020-0016","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000The main purpose of the study is to determine international leisure tourist perceptions with regard to crime, to assess the influence of demographic factors and to investigate the influence of prior, during and post-visit measures on international leisure tourists’ crime perceptions.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000A personal intercept interview survey was used to collect the data at popular Cape Town (CT) tourist attractions via structured questionnaires. A generalized linear model was used to statistically assess respondents’ crime-related perceptions. Qualitative data was also generated via individual in-depth interviews, which were conducted among nine international leisure tourists.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The study found that international leisure tourists exhibited favorable sentiments regarding crime preparations; general safety information; post-visit crime related perceptions but were less positive about security safety information during their visit. International leisure tourists maintained that crime did not inhibit their activities and was not worse than anticipated during their visit. A majority of tourists indicated that they were not deterred by crime and would revisit CT.\u0000\u0000\u0000Research limitations/implications\u0000The research was limited to a single city and to English-speaking international leisure tourists. The study was cross sectional in nature and the number of data collection sites was limited to four of the popular tourist attractions in CT.\u0000\u0000\u0000Practical implications\u0000The study showed that a relatively high number of international leisure tourists had either witnessed or experienced crime in CT. Hence, a separate South African Police Service tourism protection unit could be established to help circumvent crime in CT.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000The study used both quantitative and qualitative approaches to provide a comprehensive overview of international leisure tourist crime perceptions, which included prior, during and post-visit measures, of one of the top tourist destinations in the world. Additionally, this study is one of the few recent endeavors to assess the influence of a broad range of demographic and crime-related factors on international leisure tourists’ prior, during and post-visit crime perceptions in an African developing country.\u0000","PeriodicalId":43879,"journal":{"name":"Safer Communities","volume":"19 1","pages":"161-181"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1108/sc-04-2020-0016","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43279745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What will make my child’s school safer? Parent perceptions of active shooter preparedness","authors":"Lacey N. Wallace","doi":"10.1108/sc-03-2020-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/sc-03-2020-0010","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to examine parent perceptions of school active shooter preparedness and prevention efforts, as well as parent perceptions of the risk of an active shooter event.,Data were obtained in 2019 through an online survey of 182 Pennsylvania residents who were the parents or step-parents of children enrolled in pre-Kindergarten, Kindergarten-12th or college/ university. Respondents were a subset of a state-representative sample of 668 individuals.,Actions taken by schools were largely unrelated to parent perceptions. Parents who reported that their child’s school had provided information about active shooters to students had better attitudes toward preventive efforts overall. Parents who reported that their child’s school had changed firearms policy perceived a higher level of risk. Parents were also asked to share what they felt their child’s school could do that would help them feel more prepared for an active shooter event. The most common response was for schools to install metal detectors or perform random metal detector checks.,While there is extensive research on the views of students about school safety and security and, to a lesser degree, the views of school administrators and teachers, parents have largely been neglected in school safety research.","PeriodicalId":43879,"journal":{"name":"Safer Communities","volume":"19 1","pages":"145-159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1108/sc-03-2020-0010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47124065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}