JOURNAL OF EUROPEAN STUDIES最新文献

{"title":"Book Reviews: Ian Ona Johnson: Faustian Bargain. The Soviet-German Partnership and the Origins of the Second World War","authors":"Jeremy Black","doi":"10.1177/00472441221091614a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00472441221091614a","url":null,"abstract":"conflation of often very dissimilar indications. Thus, the ‘New Look’, Sartre’s Les jeux sont faits and ‘plans for European economic and military integration’ (Adamthwaite means Western Europe) are run together in a confused fashion. Again, as he points out resistance and liberation could generate ‘dreams of renewal’ (p. 56), but the same was the case with ideas of collaboration in a German-directed New Order. In his subsequent praise, Adamthwaite is able to underplay the problems of the Fourth Republic and not mention Poujadism. ‘How is the empire?’ asked George V on his deathbed (p. 16). Well others favour different ending comments.","PeriodicalId":43875,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF EUROPEAN STUDIES","volume":"52 1","pages":"146 - 146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43051302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book Reviews: Wendy Z. Goldman and Donald Filtzer: Fortress Dark and Stern: The Soviet Home Front During World War II","authors":"Alan B. Wood","doi":"10.1177/00472441221091614f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00472441221091614f","url":null,"abstract":"ultimately punishing anyone who attempts such a thing. But this is precisely what Alexei Navalny is dedicated to achieving. However, given the nature and structure of government under the presidency of Vladimir Putin this is about as likely as the Chief Druid becoming Archbishop of Canterbury. It is not enough simply to protest. One has to have a viable and realistic alternative. Navalny just does not have one. The final chapters of this book grapple with such questions as why, if Navalny has enjoyed such little political success, has the Kremlin – given the measures used to suppress his influence – treated him with such determined hostility? These measures range from banning, vetoing and denigration to arrest, imprisonment and even attempted assassination by poisoning. Despite Navalny’s continued incarceration (as of early 2022), the Kremlin still obviously regards him as something more than simply an irritant, more than a toxic thorn in the flesh. But can he plausibly be considered as ‘Putin’s Nemesis’, or ‘Russia’s Future?’ as the book’s subtitle postulates? Enthusiastic previews written by a number of distinguished pundits such as Mark Galeotti, Fiona Hill, Bridget Kendall and Richard Sakwa have already given encomiastic endorsements to this analysis of Navalny’s story. But it is surely too early in his career (he is still only in his 40s) to come to anything other than a very cautious, hesitant and equivocal answer to the question of Alexei Navalny’s ultimate place in the bigger picture of Russian – let alone global – history. Although, maybe, he deserves at least a footnote.","PeriodicalId":43875,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF EUROPEAN STUDIES","volume":"52 1","pages":"155 - 157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47354249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rethinking the multiple meanings of the Mediterranean through Lawrence Osborne’s Beautiful Animals (2017)","authors":"Christiane Steckenbiller","doi":"10.1177/00472441221090714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00472441221090714","url":null,"abstract":"Lawrence Osborne’s Beautiful Animals (2017) thematizes the arrival of refugees on Europe’s shores and the division of Europe into core and peripheral regions. The psychological thriller tells the story of two young wealthy white women whose daily routines of swimming and sunbathing are interrupted when they meet a Syrian refugee on a secluded beach. In this article, I argue that the novel overlays geographies of forced migration with those of Greek national history, myth, travel, crime, and violence. The murder committed on a Greek island compels readers to examine what might be considered the larger ‘crimes’ of Europe – exclusionary refugee policies, the meddling in Greek affairs, and the legacies of colonialism and imperialism. In doing so, the novel asks us to rethink the multiple meanings of the Mediterranean as holiday destination, deadly outer border, and Southern Other, both intra- and extra-European at the same time.","PeriodicalId":43875,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF EUROPEAN STUDIES","volume":"52 1","pages":"129 - 144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42842897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book Reviews: Grant Harward: Romania’s Holy War. Soldiers, Motivation, and the Holocaust","authors":"Jeremy Black","doi":"10.1177/00472441221091614b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00472441221091614b","url":null,"abstract":"This is an important work for scholars on both the Second World War and the Holocaust. Based on rich archival holdings, oral interviews with veterans, contemporary periodicals and extensive printed primary research, Grant Harward’s study demonstrates Romanian commitment to the Axis. He argues that Nazi policies readily accorded with the ideology of the Romanian army which is presented as a combination of nationalism, antisemitism and anticommunism with religious identity seen as a further key element. There is also a focus on a key trigger, the Soviet occupation in 1940 of northern Bukovina and Bessarabia, which disturbed and angered Romanians far more than Hungarian and Bulgarian gains in Transylvania and Dobruja, respectively. The army was anxious to assuage its wounded honour (Soviet soldiers had humiliated Romanian officers) and take revenge on Jews and Communists, who were conflated and seen as a Fifth Column, for the humiliating territorial losses. There was antisemitic violence during the withdrawal. Pogroms saw both civilians and soldiers take part in murderous rampages, with mid-level officers playing a role in torture and mutilation alongside murder. Romanian motivation was also intensified in early 1941 by German success in Yugoslavia and Greece. Once the Romanians moved onto the attack against the Soviets, there were largescale massacres of Jews, again with killings by both soldiers and civilians. Some commanders used the fear of opposition by Jewish civilians as the excuse for largescale murder. There was also much rape, in part from a lust to humiliate. Once Odessa fell, there were fresh killings of thousands. As another example of their ‘Holy War’, the Romanians also carried out mass baptisms of Moldavians. There was also large-scale looting. The 1942 offensive saw ideological beliefs if anything hardened in part due to losses, including at the hands of partisans. The slaughter of civilians continued. Once onto the defensive, fear was a key motivator. The Holy War was now seen as a defensive conflict. While the Italians and Hungarians withdrew support from the Germans, the Romanians continued to deploy large numbers of troops. Morale, however, was hit, and Harward shows how this was accentuated by growing weaknesses on the German part, as well as by the withdrawal of German armoured units. There was no longer confidence in Germany’s final victory. The nature of wartime propaganda is ably analysed, as is discipline, which included summary executions, but far fewer than in the case of the Germans, let alone the Soviets. The experience of minority soldiers is also assessed. Most minorities, for example ethnic Hungarians, did what was expected. This is an excellent book that overturns conventional views of low Romanian morale.","PeriodicalId":43875,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF EUROPEAN STUDIES","volume":"52 1","pages":"147 - 147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45106270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ambivalent borders and hybrid culture: The role of culture and exclusion in historical European discourses of migration","authors":"Lydia Ayame Hiraide","doi":"10.1177/00472441221090719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00472441221090719","url":null,"abstract":"This article reflects on historical arguments about migration in conceptualisations of Europe, highlighting an ambivalent support of migration within Europe on the grounds of mutual cultural enrichment. There is a strong tradition, dating back to French and German eighteenth-century thinkers, such as Herder, Voltaire and Fichte, of citing cultural diversity, plurality and exchange to construct an idea of Europe. ‘Europolitanism’, the ideal of Europe as an open space of welcome movement and unprejudiced exchange, conceals, however, exclusionary tendencies: exchange has never been intended for all social groups. Contemporary theorisations of Europe, based ostensibly on cultural exchange, synthesis and plurality, have their roots in Romantic and Enlightenment thought, but then as now there are questions to be asked about participation in pan-European identity formation.","PeriodicalId":43875,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF EUROPEAN STUDIES","volume":"52 1","pages":"99 - 110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41937593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book Reviews: Anthony Adamthwaite: Britain, France and Europe, 1945–1975. The Elusive Alliance","authors":"J. Black","doi":"10.1177/00472441221091614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00472441221091614","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43875,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF EUROPEAN STUDIES","volume":"52 1","pages":"145 - 146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42498455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The temptation of luck: The Machiavellian prince and the Hobbesian sovereign facing moral and honour-motivated responsibilities","authors":"I. Untea","doi":"10.1177/00472441221090718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00472441221090718","url":null,"abstract":"In political philosophy, brute or circumstantial luck entails responsibilities. Even so, leaders may be tempted to capitalize on lucky endowments or circumstances that turn in their favour without giving too much attention to moral responsibility. This is because besides moral responsibility, there is another kind of responsibility that flows out of luck. Machiavelli and Hobbes provide the classic philosophical accounts of honour-based responsibility and universal moral responsibility. While this distinction is only suggested by Machiavelli, Hobbes explicitly develops an account of the laws of honour and the laws of nature that make the essential difference between a political community and a community where the state of war becomes less visible, although still ongoing.","PeriodicalId":43875,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF EUROPEAN STUDIES","volume":"52 1","pages":"81 - 98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49341524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Embracing embodiedness, desire and failure: Women’s fluid gender performances in Sevgi Soysal’s oeuvre from the 1960s","authors":"N. Maksudyan, Burcu Alkan","doi":"10.1177/00472441221090705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00472441221090705","url":null,"abstract":"The ‘women’s liberation’ of the global 1960s did not entail a full range of women’s rights, feminist politics and sexual freedoms in Turkey. On the contrary, the Turkish 1960s were characterised by a patriarchal heteronormative order that imprisoned women in a passive and essentially asexual identity and denied them control over their bodies. In Turkey, women’s emancipation was postponed. At the same time, the 1960s offered a juncture of literary renewal in women’s writing and representation, embracing the dictum ‘the personal is political’. This article focuses on three works by Sevgi Soysal (1936–1976), a key name of this period whose writing is concerned with the problematisation of what Judith Butler calls ‘the compulsory order of sex/gender/desire’. Relying on queer theory, we examine how Soysal’s Tutkulu Perçem (The Passionate Forelock, 1962), Tante Rosa (Aunt Rosa, 1968) and Yürümek (Walking, 1970) represent female characters’ growing awareness of their rich spectrum of gender performances, as they embrace their desires, transformations and confusions. In this way, Soysal’s works not only take the female body ‘out of the closet’ but also explore its multitude of desires and fluid possibilities.","PeriodicalId":43875,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF EUROPEAN STUDIES","volume":"52 1","pages":"111 - 128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43463903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of <i>Hibiscus sabdariffa</i> Calyxes Aqueous Extract on Antioxidant Status and Histopathology in Mammary Tumor-Induced in Rats.","authors":"Thierry Renaud Bassong, Larissa Vanelle Kenmogne, Charline Florence Awounfack, Derek Tantoh Ndinteh, Dieudonné Njamen, Stéphane Zingue","doi":"10.1155/2022/9872788","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2022/9872788","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Breast cancer is a major threat worldwide. <i>Hibiscus sabdariffa</i> is widely consumed as beverage in sub-Saharan Africa for its anticancer potential. The present study therefore aimed at scientifically verifying its anticancer effect in rats. For this, 48 Wistar rats (∼55 days) were treated either with tamoxifen at 3.3 mg/kg BW (standard) or with a decoction of <i>H</i>. <i>sabdariffa</i> (125, 250, and 500 mg/kg BW) or distilled water (vehicle). Breast cancer was induced by a single dose of 50 mg/kg of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA). At the end of the 21 weeks of treatment, the tumor incidence, tumor morphology, histopathology, as well as some biochemical parameters in the tumors were assessed. As a result, 86% of DMBA's rats developed mammary tumors. The <i>H</i>. <i>sabdariffa</i> extract (125 and 250 mg/kg) reduced tumor incidence by 63% and 75%, respectively; inhibited tumor burden by 84.86% and 38.78%, respectively, and decreased tumor volume by more than 72% compared to the DMBA group. It also protected rats against DMBA-induced diffuse breast neoplasia, and the optimal effect was recorded at 125 mg/kg. Furthermore, it significantly increases the SOD activity and decreases the MDA level. In summary, <i>H. sabdariffa</i> has antibreast tumor and antioxidant properties in rats, which could justify its common use to treat cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":43875,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF EUROPEAN STUDIES","volume":"9 1","pages":"9872788"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9056213/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87426173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editor’s note","authors":"Julian Preece","doi":"10.1177/00472441211072622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00472441211072622","url":null,"abstract":"As the incoming general editor of the <i>Journal of European Studies</i>, I would like to pay tribute to my predecessor and former colleague at the University of Kent, John Flower, and his Reviews Editor, Tony Cross, who carried out their roles for an incredible 51 years. The contributions to this issue were originally accepted for publication by John Flower. We will resume publishing book reviews in the June issue.","PeriodicalId":43875,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF EUROPEAN STUDIES","volume":"77 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138514074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}