AFIPS '70 (Fall)Pub Date : 1970-11-17DOI: 10.1145/1478462.1478556
A. Rubin
{"title":"Analog/hybrid: what it was, what it is, what it may be","authors":"A. Rubin","doi":"10.1145/1478462.1478556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1478462.1478556","url":null,"abstract":"The history of the analog computer goes back to antiquity, where tax maps were first reported being used for assessments and surveying. However, I shall confine this paper to the analog computer as it evolved from World War II to the present time. For those interested in the history of the analog computer, from antiquity to World War II, I refer the reader to an excellent introductory article by J. Roedel, Reference 1. The \"Palimpsest\" in which Roedel's history of the analog computing art is included is in itself an excellent history of analog computers in the early days dating from World War II to about 1954. From page 4 of the Palimpsest, I would like to show a diagram of computing devices as visualized by George Philbrick for an article in Industrial Laboratories in May, 1952. Of interest to us in this diagram on the analog side, is the separation, at the bottom, between fast and slow analog which I will discuss shortly. We will also note the presence of hybrid at the very top, and this article was written in 1952! Of course, Mr. Philbrick's \"hybrid\" was reserved for the use of the analog computer first to obtain a ball-park idea of a solution, then followed by a separate digital solution to obtain a more accurate answer to the same problem. I am certain that very few people thought of this as being hybrid computation at the time. However, consider this definition in the light of later work reported by Mark Connelly (Reference 2) in his use of a \"skeleton\" representation of a problem on the analog in conjunction with a more accurate representation of the problem on the digital.","PeriodicalId":438698,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '70 (Fall)","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1970-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115400118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AFIPS '70 (Fall)Pub Date : 1970-11-17DOI: 10.1145/1478462.1478549
J. Prokop, F. Brooks
{"title":"Decision making with computer graphics in an inventory control environment","authors":"J. Prokop, F. Brooks","doi":"10.1145/1478462.1478549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1478462.1478549","url":null,"abstract":"Computer-driven displays have long been thought to help decision making. But the justification for using these devices in decision-making has been long on intuition and short on quantitative analysis. To see if this intuition was right, we conducted an experiment.","PeriodicalId":438698,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '70 (Fall)","volume":"142 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1970-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123406759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AFIPS '70 (Fall)Pub Date : 1970-11-17DOI: 10.1145/1478462.1478498
J. J. Allan, J. Lagowski, M. T. Muller
{"title":"Planning for an undergraduate level computer-based science education system that will be responsive to society's needs in the 1970's","authors":"J. J. Allan, J. Lagowski, M. T. Muller","doi":"10.1145/1478462.1478498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1478462.1478498","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to discuss the planning of an undergraduate level computer-based educational system for the sciences and engineering that will be responsive to society's needs during the 1970's. Considerable curriculum development research is taking place in many institutions for the purpose of increasing the effectiveness of student learning. Despite the efforts under way, only limited amounts of course matter using computer-based techniques are available within the sciences and engineering.","PeriodicalId":438698,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '70 (Fall)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1970-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123696525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AFIPS '70 (Fall)Pub Date : 1970-11-17DOI: 10.1145/1478462.1478546
T. Malia, G. Dickson
{"title":"Management problems unique to on-line real-time systems","authors":"T. Malia, G. Dickson","doi":"10.1145/1478462.1478546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1478462.1478546","url":null,"abstract":"In the latter 1950's, the SAGE air defense system began operating and thus became the first of the large real-time computing systems. Initially such systems were feasible for only military use or for a few very large commercial applications. Today this is no longer the case. Modern managers need better and more timely information to keep pace with the rate of change, the complexity and the competition within the business environment. Therefore, an increasing number of organizations will, of necessity, be designing and implementing on-line, real-time systems. To better prepare for this evolution, management must understand the unique problems such systems will cause; both in terms of the initial design and implementation phase, and the potential effects such systems will have on the organization. The purpose of this paper is to outline the particular problems that managers will have to deal with in an on-line, real-time (OLRT) environment.","PeriodicalId":438698,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '70 (Fall)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1970-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116136661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AFIPS '70 (Fall)Pub Date : 1970-11-17DOI: 10.1145/1478462.1478487
A. L. Dean
{"title":"Development of the LOGICON 2 + 2 system","authors":"A. L. Dean","doi":"10.1145/1478462.1478487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1478462.1478487","url":null,"abstract":"LOGICON is a systems and software engineering firm that has been heavily involved during the past nine years in developing special systems and software to be used primarily for military and space flight applications. In March of 1969, LOGICON began to investigate the feasibility of using a time-sharing system in its operations. Because a large portion of LOGICON personnel were involved in software development, it was felt that a time-sharing system used as a program development and documentation environment could be of significant aid to these activities.","PeriodicalId":438698,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '70 (Fall)","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1970-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127390966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AFIPS '70 (Fall)Pub Date : 1970-11-17DOI: 10.1145/1478462.1478542
R. Roberts
{"title":"HELP: a question answering system","authors":"R. Roberts","doi":"10.1145/1478462.1478542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1478462.1478542","url":null,"abstract":"HELP---A Question Answering System---enables a user, sitting at a console of a time-shared computer, to obtain information based on questions typed in. This information might concern the operating system itself, the format of commands to the user interface executive program, the use of a selected subsystem, or an area totally separate from the computer. The content of the data base in HELP is completely arbitrary, and determined by the creator of each individual HELP system. Questions are presented to HELP in standard English and elicit one or more separate responses, depending upon the nature of the question. If HELP cannot generate an appropriate response, a standard \"I don't know\" message is output. A second system, called QAS, was developed to enable a user to conveniently generate a HELP program. This paper will discuss the structure of both programs. All of the work discussed in this paper was performed on a modified SDS 930 computer, developed at Project Genie at the University of California, Berkeley.","PeriodicalId":438698,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '70 (Fall)","volume":"266 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1970-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125813088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AFIPS '70 (Fall)Pub Date : 1970-11-17DOI: 10.1145/1478462.1478547
G. J. Clancy
{"title":"ECAM: extended communications access method for OS/360","authors":"G. J. Clancy","doi":"10.1145/1478462.1478547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1478462.1478547","url":null,"abstract":"Installations utilizing OS/360 which wish to extend the operating system's use into a teleprocessing environment all face a similar problem: How to prevent the significant waste of resources, particularly that of main storage, that inevitably accompanies a move from batch to on-line processing? QTAM organization normally utilizes one region (or partition) for its Message Control Program and one region (or partition) for each process, or application, program. Thus, the TP configuration becomes inordinately expensive due to resident core storage requirements, most particularly if the applications are low-volume oriented. An alternate approach, via the use of the BTAM facilities, requires much more extensive knowledge on the part of both system designers and programmers and may well generate more severe and complex problems.","PeriodicalId":438698,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '70 (Fall)","volume":"260 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1970-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116997221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AFIPS '70 (Fall)Pub Date : 1970-11-17DOI: 10.1145/1478462.1478530
L. O'Neill
{"title":"Extending computer: aided design into the manufacture of pulse equalizers","authors":"L. O'Neill","doi":"10.1145/1478462.1478530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1478462.1478530","url":null,"abstract":"A fundamental difference exists between the techniques used to evaluate the performance of a circuit during the design phase and during manufacture. One strives for reality at all cost during design but wants an inexpensive test in the factory. For computer-aided design, a sophisticated performance criterion is usually selected that reflects how the circuit will function when installed in a system. For economic reasons, however, usually only a few simple tests on individual circuits are performed during manufacture. Since it is difficult to devise a simple test that will be indicative of system performance, the tests performed may be inadequate to reveal unsatisfactory units. Frequently, therefore, the designer specifies extremely tight component tolerances so that performance will approximate the nominal design; this practice can lead to unnecessarily expensive circuits.","PeriodicalId":438698,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '70 (Fall)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1970-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126490397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AFIPS '70 (Fall)Pub Date : 1970-11-17DOI: 10.1145/1478462.1478478
A. Scherr, D. C. Larkin
{"title":"Time-sharing for OS","authors":"A. Scherr, D. C. Larkin","doi":"10.1145/1478462.1478478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1478462.1478478","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the Time Sharing Option (TSO) was to provide a general purpose time-sharing capability within the existing framework of the System/360 Operating System.","PeriodicalId":438698,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '70 (Fall)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1970-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126714656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AFIPS '70 (Fall)Pub Date : 1970-11-17DOI: 10.1145/1478462.1478476
V. A. Abell, S. Rosen, R. E. Wagner
{"title":"Scheduling in a general purpose operating system","authors":"V. A. Abell, S. Rosen, R. E. Wagner","doi":"10.1145/1478462.1478476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1478462.1478476","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years there has been a great deal written and published about scheduling and storage management in time sharing systems. During the same period there has been a significant trend toward the development of more general purpose operating systems on large computers. Such systems support a high volume batch processing operation and at the same time provide modes of computation usually associated with time sharing systems. They are multiprogramming and multiprocessor systems that execute jobs that enter the job stream from local and remote card readers, and from local and remote on-line consoles. Some jobs are interactive during execution and some are not. Many jobs use interactive file creation and editing and debugging processors even though they are basically batch jobs.","PeriodicalId":438698,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '70 (Fall)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1970-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129531800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}