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Selected R&D requirements in the computer and information sciences 选择计算机和信息科学方面的研发需求
AFIPS '70 (Fall) Pub Date : 1970-11-17 DOI: 10.1145/1478462.1478485
M. Stevens
{"title":"Selected R&D requirements in the computer and information sciences","authors":"M. Stevens","doi":"10.1145/1478462.1478485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1478462.1478485","url":null,"abstract":"Under the provisions of the Brooks Bill, PL 89-306, enacted in 1966, the Center for Computer Sciences and Technology of the National Bureau of Standards has been authorized to sponsor and to conduct research and development work in the computer and information sciences and technologies, especially where the problems are unique to Government or where the results are likely to have wide applicability in Government operations. In addition the CCST attempts to:\u0000 (1) maintain awareness of advances in the field of automatic data processing and related sciences and technologies (a truly broad interdisciplinary spectrum); (2) disseminate information on advanced developments, especially with a view toward the cross-fertilization of ideas, and, (3) identify areas where breakthroughs, either theoretical or pragmatic, are needed in order to achieve more effective or efficient use of ADP techniques or in order to anticipate future requirements for standardization efforts.","PeriodicalId":438698,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '70 (Fall)","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1970-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115660780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Coding/decoding for data compression and error control on data links using digital computers 使用数字计算机对数据链路进行数据压缩和错误控制的编码/解码
AFIPS '70 (Fall) Pub Date : 1970-11-17 DOI: 10.1145/1478462.1478534
H. M. Gates, R. Blizard
{"title":"Coding/decoding for data compression and error control on data links using digital computers","authors":"H. M. Gates, R. Blizard","doi":"10.1145/1478462.1478534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1478462.1478534","url":null,"abstract":"Data compression and error control have, over the years, been treated as two separate disciplines. Data compression can substantially reduce the loading of communication channels and error control using coding methodology, can reduce the amount of errors in the messages being transmitted, or allow the system to operate with less power for a comparable uncoded information rate. This paper demonstrates that both functions can be combined into one operation by applying sequential decoding developed for error control to data compression. Because the same general method can be used to solve both problems, data compression and error control can be united in a single system and held accountable for the required theorems in information theory.","PeriodicalId":438698,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '70 (Fall)","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1970-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122248485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The application of parity checks to an arithmetic control 将奇偶校验应用于算术控制
AFIPS '70 (Fall) Pub Date : 1970-11-17 DOI: 10.1145/1478462.1478474
C. Disparte
{"title":"The application of parity checks to an arithmetic control","authors":"C. Disparte","doi":"10.1145/1478462.1478474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1478462.1478474","url":null,"abstract":"As circuit costs go down and system complexity goes up, the inclusion of more built-in error detection circuitry becomes attractive. Most of today's equipment uses parity bits for detection of data transfer errors between units and within units. Error detection for arithmetic data with product or residue type encoding has been used to a limited extent. However, a particularly difficult area for error detection has been control logic. When an error occurs in the control, the machine is likely to assume a state where data is meaningless and/or recovery is impossible. Some presently known methods of checking control logic are summarized below.","PeriodicalId":438698,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '70 (Fall)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1970-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125793114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Hybrid computer solutions for optimal control of time-varying systems with parameter uncertainties 参数不确定时变系统最优控制的混合计算机解
AFIPS '70 (Fall) Pub Date : 1970-11-17 DOI: 10.1145/1478462.1478482
W. Trautwein, C. L. Connor
{"title":"Hybrid computer solutions for optimal control of time-varying systems with parameter uncertainties","authors":"W. Trautwein, C. L. Connor","doi":"10.1145/1478462.1478482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1478462.1478482","url":null,"abstract":"A hybrid computing scheme is described which economically solves optimal regulator problems for time-varying systems. The variational problem of determining optimal time-varying controller gain schedules is reduced to a sequence of standard one-dimensional parameter searches and high-speed simulations by restricting the class of optimal gain schedules to be piecewise linear.","PeriodicalId":438698,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '70 (Fall)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1970-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130913227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
SHOEBOX: a personal file handling system for textual data SHOEBOX:用于文本数据的个人文件处理系统
AFIPS '70 (Fall) Pub Date : 1970-11-17 DOI: 10.1145/1478462.1478541
R. S. Glantz
{"title":"SHOEBOX: a personal file handling system for textual data","authors":"R. S. Glantz","doi":"10.1145/1478462.1478541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1478462.1478541","url":null,"abstract":"The SHOEBOX system, a part of MITRE's long-term effort in the development of text-processing systems, is designed to be the electronic analog of a personal desk file drawer. A desk drawer is conveniently at hand and readily accessible. It contains documents, reports, adversaria---probably most of which, if the work of others, haven't been thoroughly read, or if one's own work, remain unfinished. This material is organized under whatever whimsical scheme suits one's fancy; and as one's fancy changes, the file contents are variously combined or further segregated. (Or at least one would like to perform that kind of reorganization, at present a formidable undertaking.) Needless to add, the texts are set down in a variety of formats, the only common factor among them all being a close adherence to the grammar rules of natural language. Such an unstructured environment is the bane of digital mechanization, but it is to this problem that we have addressed ourselves.","PeriodicalId":438698,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '70 (Fall)","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1970-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122401449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
Interactive graphic consoles: environment and software 交互式图形控制台:环境和软件
AFIPS '70 (Fall) Pub Date : 1970-11-17 DOI: 10.1145/1478462.1478506
Robert Beckermeyer
{"title":"Interactive graphic consoles: environment and software","authors":"Robert Beckermeyer","doi":"10.1145/1478462.1478506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1478462.1478506","url":null,"abstract":"The usual software support for graphic consoles does not provide system services designed for the console user who is a production-oriented application expert. This paper describes a console environment and high-level language with a supporting operating system designed for the application expert.","PeriodicalId":438698,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '70 (Fall)","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1970-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122492152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Vulcan: a string handling language with dynamic storage control Vulcan:一种具有动态存储控制的字符串处理语言
AFIPS '70 (Fall) Pub Date : 1970-11-17 DOI: 10.1145/1478462.1478466
E. F. Storm, R. H. Vaughan
{"title":"Vulcan: a string handling language with dynamic storage control","authors":"E. F. Storm, R. H. Vaughan","doi":"10.1145/1478462.1478466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1478462.1478466","url":null,"abstract":"The implementation of the man-machine interface for question-answering systems, fact-retrieval systems and others in the area of information management frequently involves a concern with non-numeric programming techniques. In addition, theorem proving algorithms and more sophisticated procedures for processing natural language text require a capability to manipulate representations of non-numeric data with some ease, and to pose complex structural questions about such data.","PeriodicalId":438698,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '70 (Fall)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1970-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131282810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
On-line computer managed instruction: the first step 联机计算机管理教学:第一步
AFIPS '70 (Fall) Pub Date : 1970-11-17 DOI: 10.1145/1478462.1478495
J. Vierling, M. Shivaram
{"title":"On-line computer managed instruction: the first step","authors":"J. Vierling, M. Shivaram","doi":"10.1145/1478462.1478495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1478462.1478495","url":null,"abstract":"Computer Managed Instruction (CMI) is a term employed to designate a system which \". . .uses the computer to help the teacher administer and guide the instructional process.\" The major features of CMI are diagnosis and testing, analysis, record keeping, and prescription. Diagnosis and testing is used to evaluate each student's performance at regular intervals. The results are then analyzed to update the student's record and to provide a prescription which suggests the learning process the student should pursue to achieve his objectives. A computer-generated prescription would assign the student to one of several teaching-learning units consisting of textbooks, films, slides, or any of a multitude of technological media.","PeriodicalId":438698,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '70 (Fall)","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1970-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134580347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
CyberLogic: a new system for computer control 网络逻辑:一种新的计算机控制系统
AFIPS '70 (Fall) Pub Date : 1970-11-17 DOI: 10.1145/1478462.1478522
G. Trimble, D. Bavly
{"title":"CyberLogic: a new system for computer control","authors":"G. Trimble, D. Bavly","doi":"10.1145/1478462.1478522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1478462.1478522","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid advance of technology during recent years has made possible the development and use of very complex manufacturing processes. A prime example of such a process is a modern oil refinery in which there are actually many processes operating concurrently. The control of such a process requires the monitoring of pressures, temperatures, flow rates, and other such variables at many points within the refinery. Based on an analysis of the variables sampled, the process is controlled by adjusting flow rates, opening and closing valves, and recording the actions taken for further analysis and evaluation of the results of such actions.","PeriodicalId":438698,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '70 (Fall)","volume":"492 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1970-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124433404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The role of computer specialists in contracting for computers: an interdisciplinary effort 计算机专家在计算机合同中的作用:跨学科的努力
AFIPS '70 (Fall) Pub Date : 1970-11-17 DOI: 10.1145/1478462.1478484
R. Freed
{"title":"The role of computer specialists in contracting for computers: an interdisciplinary effort","authors":"R. Freed","doi":"10.1145/1478462.1478484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1478462.1478484","url":null,"abstract":"The complexity of computer-communications technology requires computer specialist involvement in the negotiation and structuring of contracts relating to computer systems if many business arrangements important to the parties are to work out smoothly and successfully. Numerous businessmen and lawyers are not yet sufficiently sophisticated concerning the unique qualities of computers and their uses to set up viable contractual relationships respecting the more complex uses of the technology without substantial guidance from persons acquainted with the vulnerabilities of users and suppliers in particular types of transactions. As users and suppliers now become aware, somewhat belatedly, of the pitfalls in contracting in that area of technology, computer specialists have challenging opportunities for interdisciplinary professional involvement with lawyers. This paper suggests means for making such involvement as fruitful as possible for all parties concerned.","PeriodicalId":438698,"journal":{"name":"AFIPS '70 (Fall)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1970-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133708758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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