St. Petersburg University Studies in Social Sciences & Humanities最新文献

{"title":"THE NOUN BUCKET: THE FIGURATIVE SENSE OVERLOOKED BY DICTIONARIES","authors":"I. Tolochin","doi":"10.21638/11701/9785288063183.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/11701/9785288063183.20","url":null,"abstract":"The paper makes a strong case for treating figurative contexts of an English word as an important factor in the disambiguation of its polysemy and in the search for successful sense definitions. The noun bucket has been selected for a case study. A comparative study of the definition of bucket in Lexico online dictionary and in a number of selected contexts drawn from electronic databases clearly demonstrates the inconclusive information the dictionary provides about the meaning of this noun. The root cause of this is attributed to the insufficient attention the lexicographers have paid to the markers of the figurative use of bucket in context. The analysis of figurative contexts has made it possible to define a separate figurative sense of this word and also to account for the meaning and the expressive potential of the compound bucket list and the phrase kick the bucket traditionally considered a non-compositional idiom meaning die. The analysis of the figurative sense of bucket also reveals a strong positive evaluative charge at the very core of the meaning of this word. A hypothesis is proposed that further study of the evaluative potential of the nouns bucket, pail and can may clarify the differences in their meaning and help avoid cross-references in dictionary definitions. Defining the figurative sense of bucket adds a missing link to the systemic representation of its meaning in dictionaries and highlights its role in informing the expressive potential and meaning of bucket list and kick the bucket. Refs 15.","PeriodicalId":438261,"journal":{"name":"St. Petersburg University Studies in Social Sciences & Humanities","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123220523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RIDDLES ABOUT CELESTIAL OBJECTS AND NATURE PHENOMENA IN СOLOMBIAN LINGUOCULTURE","authors":"Timur F. Usmanov, O. Chesnokova","doi":"10.21638/11701/9785288063183.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/11701/9785288063183.21","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents a study of the seven most common images of nature phenomena in folklore (the sun, the moon, the stars, the day, the night, the wind, the rain) in Colombian riddles. The riddle is one of the oldest genres of oral folk art, a means of preserving cultural memory, educating ingenuity and creative thinking. The article reflects the stages of the development of Colombian riddles from the appearance of the enigmatic genre in Europe, the popularization of the riddle in Spanish, its export to the New World to the acquisition of national-specific Colombian features that accumulated the features of European, Indigenous and African cultures. The material of the article was about 300 Colombian riddles, most of which were taken from collections of traditional riddles of the departments of Colombia; riddles posted in Colombian Internet sources. The article also presents the results of a linguistic experiment conducted among Russian and Colombian youth to solve Colombian riddles in Spanish. The main research methods are semantic, interpretative, linguoculturological analysis, cultural commentary. The main objective of the article is to analyze the ethnolinguistic features of the figurative representation of nature in the Colombian linguoculture, as well as to find out how modern youth understands the metaphorical description of natural phenomena in riddles. The article finds that the Colombian riddles combine traditional Spanish cryptic texts and the realities of everyday life, cultural and religious associations peculiar to Colombia. Refs 8.","PeriodicalId":438261,"journal":{"name":"St. Petersburg University Studies in Social Sciences & Humanities","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117102653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FORMALITY OF SPEECH IN COMMUNICATIVE BEHAVIOR (BASED ON THE FIRST BILINGUAL PHRASEBOOKS)","authors":"G. A. Baeva","doi":"10.21638/11701/9785288063183.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/11701/9785288063183.01","url":null,"abstract":"In the article based on the first Low German-Russian phrasebook (Tönnies Fenne’s Low German Manual of Spoken Russian. Pskov, 1607), recorded by the merchant from Lubeck Tony Fenne for the implementation of elementary business and everyday communicative interaction during the period of trade relations between Russia and the Hanseatic League, the formulaic statements are considered, i. e. repetitive, standardized replicas consisting of one or several words, selected and used by native speakers to a large extent automatically based on their life and communicative experience, depending on the communication situation and on the basis of associative connections developed by practice. The main attention in the article is focused on formulaic statements that contribute to the establishment of contact and its maintenance. Contact-establishing formulas include greeting formulas, also associated with wishes and thanks, dating formulas and appeals. Among the formulas used to maintain a conversation, the article highlights requests and wishes characteristic of everyday and business communication. A special place among the contact-supporting formulas is occupied by metacommunicative statements that direct the dialogue in the right direction from the speaker’s point of view. Formulaic utterances with the lexeme God are defined in the article as multifunctional, which can be used both in situations of establishing contact, and its maintenance and termination and combine greetings, wishes of health, success, good luck, gratitude, assurances of God’s help, etc. An important place in the phrasebook is given to paremia — various maxims, proverbs and sayings that are also multifunctional and are used in various communicative situations as generalizing instructive statements. Refs 24.","PeriodicalId":438261,"journal":{"name":"St. Petersburg University Studies in Social Sciences & Humanities","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125358171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TEXTS ABOUT THE SCIENTIST: THE CONTENT OF THE COMMENTARY IN THE ASPECT OF RUSSIAN AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE","authors":"I. Voznesenskaya","doi":"10.21638/11701/9785288063183.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/11701/9785288063183.04","url":null,"abstract":"The effectiveness of foreign languages teaching (and Russian as a foreign language) is determined, in particular, by the quality of the commentary accompanying the texts used in the educational process. In teaching foreign languages lexical and grammatical commentary is usually used to remove language difficulties, as well as cultural comments on some words and expressions explain to foreign students the specific phenomena of Russian culture. However, difficulties in understanding the text when studying Russian as a foreign language indicate the need to expand both the objects of comment and the content of the comment itself. The solution of this applied problem directly depends on linguistic knowledge that reveals the categories and units of the text, the peculiarities of its semantic composition, the specific speech organization caused by a particular type of text. Texts about scientists are relevant in teaching a foreign language. They showed the relevance of three varieties: 1) texts implementing the semantic model “A person and his actions” (tell about the activities of a scientist); 2) texts implementing the model “A Person and his qualitative characteristics” (express an assessment of the personality of a scientist, convey an opinion about a scientist); 3) texts combining the first two types. This third type usually placed in a more general, abstract context of reasoning (related to a particular problem of scientific activity of a scientist). Commentary as a possible tool for interpreting texts of these types indicates the necessary objects of training commenting, revealing their content in accordance with the text-characteristics of a particular type of text. Comments allow you to introduce lexical and syntactic material that ensures the implementation of author’s intentions, to reveal the information structure of the text, implications, logical and semantic connections of the components of the text structure. As a material for analysis and its interpretation are used: 1) educational text Dmitry Ivanovich Mendeleev, 2) text fragments from the book by M. Buras Linguists who came from the cold (2022), 3) essay by E. Vodolazkin The Truth about Schliemann (2015). Refs 13.","PeriodicalId":438261,"journal":{"name":"St. Petersburg University Studies in Social Sciences & Humanities","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125155812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BIBLICAL PRECEDENT UNITS AS INTERTEXTUAL ELEMENTS IN CONTEMPORARY MEDIA DISCOURSE","authors":"S. Rubtsova","doi":"10.21638/11701/9785288063183.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/11701/9785288063183.16","url":null,"abstract":"Modern media discourse is featured by a certain freedom of choice of linguistic means to express the author’s intention or to draw attention to the event covered. Globalisation of the information space initiates dynamic processes of image perception and reinterpretation of universal concepts under the conditions of intercultural communication. The article deals with the analysis of biblical precedent units as intertextual inclusions for linguistic expressiveness with a profound pragmatic component in the language of modern media and the Internet. The research is devoted to investigation ofbiblicism functioning specifics in media discourse which is considered a driving force of modern language. Correlations of global bible concepts in different linguistic communities are also considered. For contextual interpretation of biblical precedent units in modern media discourse the following methods were implemented: descriptive-comparative method, the method of continuous sampling, the method of contextual analysis, the method of interpretation. It was found that the rich internal form of the biblical concept increases the pragmatic potential of intertextual context, performing the following functions: expressiveness, philosophical reconsideration, symbolism, provocation, initiation of semantic association, and text quintessence. On the example of illustrative material, taken from a corpus of media — Russian, British, American periodicals and the information space of the Internet, it is shown that the main biblical meanings and concepts are universal in terms of associative chains, formed in the consciousness of the recipient. On this basis, the conclusion is made that some correlations exist between different forms of presentation of religious doctrine and their modern interpretation, which found expression in a certain connection of some concepts and evaluations. Refs 15.","PeriodicalId":438261,"journal":{"name":"St. Petersburg University Studies in Social Sciences & Humanities","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132235099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE TERM DIASYRTICUS IN SERVIUS’ COMMENTARY ON THE AENEID (SERV. IN AEN. 2, 80–193)","authors":"M. Kazanskaya","doi":"10.21638/11701/9785288063183.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/11701/9785288063183.09","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines a fairly rare term of Greek origin, diasyrticus, that is used four times in Servius’ commentary on Sinon’s speech in the second book of Vergil’s Aeneis (Serv. in Aen. 2, 80–193). Although this term does sporadically appear in scholia to other Roman poets, Servius’ use of it four times over a limited stretch of his commentary, as well as the fact that he does not use either diasyrticus or the adverb diasyrtice in any other passage of his commentary, is remarkable. The article seeks to determine the exact meaning of the term diasyrticus, as well as to describe its usage in works of Roman scholars and critics, to trace its origins and estimate at what point the Greek term might have entered the terminological apparatus of Roman literary criticism; finally, a possible source for Servius’ use of diasyrticus is suggested. It is shown that the semantics of the Greek adjective διασυρ- τικóς, which derives from the noun διασύρτης ‘malicious liar, detractor’, combines two aspects, designating the speech of one who seeks to fool his listeners or to slander someone or something before their eyes, but also does this with malicious intent, taking a mean delight in their gullibility. It appears that the term διασυρτικóς began to be used by Roman scholars and critics at the end of the first century BCE (cf. the use of διασυρτικός in Περὶ τρόπων of the Alexandrian grammarian Trypho who, according to the tradition, taught in Rome at that time). Among the occurrences of diasyrticus in Roman scholarship, Aelius Donatus’ use of it in his commentary on Terence is particularly significant. Donatus was also the author of an important commentary on Vergil (now largely lost), and an important source for Servius as he was composing his own commentary. It is therefore highly probable that it was ultimately from Donatus’ work that Servius adopted the term diasyrticus, limiting its application, however, only to Sinon’s speech. Refs 13.","PeriodicalId":438261,"journal":{"name":"St. Petersburg University Studies in Social Sciences & Humanities","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129037216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE BUSH IN ALEXANDER KUSHNER’S POETRY: SEMANTICS OF IMAGERY","authors":"Marina V. Ponomareva","doi":"10.21638/11701/9785288063183.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/11701/9785288063183.15","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with one of the most frequent imagery in Alexander Kushner’s poetry — the bush. The source of the research is the whole corpus of the poet’s lyrics — from Kushner’s first poetry collections in 1960s to his latest magazine publications. In studying the semantics of the imagery we strive to employ a complex approach, using elements of comparative historical, formal and structural methods. Among Kushner’s floral imagery (the garden, the tree, the bush) it is the bush that appears the most important and ambiguous. The article demonstrates the meaning of the imagery (as A. Ariev states it, the bush is the Kushner’s “main metaphor of life”) and its agreement to Kushner’s poetics (attention to the small, the private, the day-to-day. the proportionality to the man, the publicity waive. It is shown that there is a persistent comparison of the bush and the poet’s lyrical ego. For the first time, the following functions are revealed: 1) bush as a part of the landscape, including the urban one, and as a marker of Leningrad/Saint-Petersburg space; 2) bush as a limit between the worlds: a) between the mudane life and the death; b) between the mundate life and the higher divine existence; 3) bush as a metaphor of death: the imagery of a broken, fruitless and snow-covered bush symbolises the death as an oblivion; 4) bush as a metaphor of eternal life: the imagery of a flowery bush may be used as an icon of an “eternal spring” that awaits the human beyond the limits of earthly life. In addition, Kushner’s bush is tightly connected to the whole topic of creativity, seizing of speech and divine presence (the Burning Bush). The article shows complexity, ambivalence of the imagery. Refs 9.","PeriodicalId":438261,"journal":{"name":"St. Petersburg University Studies in Social Sciences & Humanities","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134481091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE REFERENTIAL POTENTIAL OF NOUN GROUPS FORMED BY THE BULGARIAN INDEFINITE PRONOUNS AND THE PROPER NAME","authors":"Viktoria A. Lazareva","doi":"10.21638/11701/9785288063183.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/11701/9785288063183.11","url":null,"abstract":"The article explores the referential potential of noun groups formed by the Bulgarian indefinite pronouns някой/някакъв (си) and the proper name. The study is based on authentic linguistic data from Bulgarian National Corpus and partly from other internet- sources. The linguistic data classified according to E. V. Paducheva’s classification of reference classes of noun groups. The referential approach allows all possible uses of noun groups to be described. There are only isolated observations on combinations of indefinite pronouns with proper names, which can be supplemented and reinterpreted according to specific research tasks. We are interested in the ability of indefinite pronouns to combine with different components of the meaning of the proper names. We show that: 1) the compatibility of a proper name with indicators of indeterminacy is not a rare or isolated case, but a systemic functioning; 2) the referential variation of the noun groups някой/някакъв (си) + proper name is due to the complex interaction between the semantics of indefinite pronouns and the proper name, which involves the denotative and significative components of the name’s semantics; 3) the proper names in combination with някой/някакъв (си) cover a wide spectrum of variability, revealing a predisposition to both referential and non-referential, as well as to predicate uses. In combination with indeterminatives, a proper name can realise its main functions as a linguistic sign: a) to act as a ‘code’ for an object; b) to identify an object; c) to characterise an object. We discuss ways of solving homonymy of different types of referential uses. Refs 22.","PeriodicalId":438261,"journal":{"name":"St. Petersburg University Studies in Social Sciences & Humanities","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132230251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SERPENT/DRAGON IN PLATO-ARISTOTELIAN POLEMICS OF THE 15TH CENTURY","authors":"Maria V. Semikolennykh","doi":"10.21638/11701/9785288063183.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/11701/9785288063183.17","url":null,"abstract":"The serpent or dragon and its fight with the dragonslayer is a traditional mythological and literary motif. It is also common for a polemical context, when an adversary — a schismatic, a heretic, a political opponent — is compared to a poisonous or fire-breathing monster. Among the many eschatological images that George of Trebizond cites in his dramatic characteristic of Plato and the Platonists in Comparatio philosophorum Aristotelis et Platonis (1458), there is also a comparison of Platonic teachings with a serpent, a dragon, or the many-headed Hydra. This is not a coincidence: George draws quite obvious parallels between the triumph of Platonism (which he hopes to prevent) and the triumph of the Antichrist, who is often described as dragon or associated with a snake; the association with the eloquent and treacherous serpent is also transparent. The opponents of George of Trebizond: Basilios Bessarion, Theodore Gaza, Niccolò Perotti, Domitio Calderini, — ignore George’s “eschatological” accusations. However, they also resort to the image of a dragon, snake, or chimera, applying it to George himself — in their writings, the struggle with his “serpentine tongue” and “all-besmearing infectious breath” turns into a kind of collective dragon slaying. The article discusses examples of comparison with a serpent/dragon in George of Trebizond, Niccolò Perotti, and Domitio Calderini’s writings, their context, and various interpretations of serpent/dragon motif. Refs 15.","PeriodicalId":438261,"journal":{"name":"St. Petersburg University Studies in Social Sciences & Humanities","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133607334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ABOUT THE BOUNDARY MARKERS OF THE TRANSITION PERIODS: LYRICAL DIGRESSIONS IN THE FICTION BY ANTON CHEKHOV","authors":"I. Vasileva","doi":"10.21638/11701/9785288063183.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21638/11701/9785288063183.03","url":null,"abstract":"Anton Chekhov is generally acknowledged as a writer who symbolizes a transition period, marks the end of the Classical Russian literature of the 19th century and establishes the basics of the poetics of the 20th century. Scholars are traditionally focused on Chekhov’s innovations but not on the connections with the previous tradition. This contribution makes an attempt to reassess the aspect of Chekhov’s poetics which could be called historical “form’s thinking” (in Alexander Mikhailov’s terminology). I mean the features of tradition which result from historical dynamics of culture and are beyond individual principles of artistic consciousness. In the culture prior to the New Age, topos was a form which included both principles and ways of thinking. In this research I analyze lyrical digressions in the Russian fiction of the 19th century which correlate with topoi on the basis of their constitution. The strategy of lyrical digressions rests on the movement between two poles of the being: historical and eternal, individual and universal, etc. Before Chekhov, this movement was strictly hierarchical. In Chekhov’s lyrical digressions one can easily notice a shift of semantic coordinates when the concrete and the situational becomes valuable. However, the poles themselves (individual and universal) and the movement between them remain invariable. It is possible to claim that Chekhov’s poetics although discovers the boundaries of semantic dynamics of the lyrical digressions (as a constant form) is not aware of any other principle of thinking. This fact distinguishes Chekhov from his younger contemporaries and makes him the writer of the classical 19th century. Refs 20.","PeriodicalId":438261,"journal":{"name":"St. Petersburg University Studies in Social Sciences & Humanities","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130248147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}