Glasnik javnog zdravlja最新文献

{"title":"The clinical features of pneumonia in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","authors":"V. Milovanović, T. Adžić-Vukičević, Marija Milić, J. Filimonović, D. Dimitrijević, Marina Jelić, M. Stosic","doi":"10.5937/serbjph2301039m","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/serbjph2301039m","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third leading cause of death worldwide, causing 3.23 million deaths in 2019. The incidence of pneumonia in patients with COPD is almost twice as high as in the general population. Globally, pneumonia is a cause of increased mortality and morbidity rates. A higher incidence of pneumonia and its association with increased mortality and more frequent hospitalizations, which increases the costs of treatment, has been observed in people diagnosed with COPD in comparison to the general population. The aim of this study was to examine the basic clinical features of pneumonia in patients with COPD, as well as to assess the differences in the clinical characteristics of COPD patients in relation to the presence of pneumonia. The study was designed as a case-control study. The study included patients hospitalized and treated at the pneumophysiology department of the Health Center in Kosovska Mitrovica, in the period from January 2017 to December 2019. Data for research purposes were obtained from the patients' medical records. The study included 110 patients with COPD, of which 30 (27.3%) had pneumonia and 80 (72.7%) were not diagnosed with pneumonia. Out of the total number of patients, 65 (59.1%) were males. Patients with pneumonia had statistically significantly lower mean values of leukocytes and neutrophils at admission, and significantly lower hematocrit values at discharge in comparison to patients without pneumonia. COPD patients who had pneumonia were significantly more often treated with antibiotic combination therapy (cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones) and macrolides. Statistically significantly, the most common auscultation findings in patients with COPD and pneumonia included low-pitched and polyphonic wheezes, and complications in the form of effusions and abscesses were also significantly more often registered. In addition to prolonged hospitalization, patients with COPD and pneumonia received significantly lower doses of oxygen compared to COPD patients without pneumonia. Our study shows that pneumonia is highly prevalent and requires long-term hospitalization and treatment, which leads to increased costs, however, it can be cured with adequate treatment, primarily using a combination of several antibiotics.","PeriodicalId":438201,"journal":{"name":"Glasnik javnog zdravlja","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131336868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The experience of the Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic \"Narodni front\" related to early detection and treatment of cervical cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"A. Pikula","doi":"10.5937/serbjph2203361p","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/serbjph2203361p","url":null,"abstract":"Ова анализа даје приказ заступљености дијагностичких и скрининг прегледа у структури услуга Клинике ГАК „Народни фронт” у Београду, као и упоредни приказ података добијених радом Клинике неколико година пре и током пандемије COVID-19 у оквиру поступака и метода откривања односно дијагностике и лечења премалигних и малигних промена грлића материце [1] на Клиници у периоду од 2017. године до 30. јуна 2022. године.","PeriodicalId":438201,"journal":{"name":"Glasnik javnog zdravlja","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124064835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of HPV DNA testing in the prevention of cervical cancer","authors":"A. Knežević","doi":"10.5937/serbjph2203302k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/serbjph2203302k","url":null,"abstract":"The well-established etiological association between cervical cancer development and the infection with high risk genotypes of Human papilloma viruses (hr-HPV) signify the role of HPV testing in both primary and secondary cervical cancer prevention. HPV testing methods are grouped into diagnostic and prognostic tests with the use of various techniques of molecular biology. Diagnostic tests enable detection the presence of HPV DNA (screening) and identification of HPV genotypes (genotyping). Prognostic or triage tests are used for the determination of HPV infected women who are at high risk for the development and/or progression to cervical cancer. hr-HPV testing in cervical cancer screening protocols can be implemented as primary testing or co-testing with cytology and as testing in a triage of women with high risk. The inclusion of hr-HPV testing as primary testing or co-testing is based on higher sensitivity and negative predictive value for the detection of CIN3 lesions compared to cytology alone. Several triaging tests are recommended for risk stratification such as genotyping for HPV 16 and 18, detection of E6/E7 mRNA and DNA methylation marker tests. For an efficient reduction of cervical cancer pervasiveness in Serbia, the implementation of cervical cancer organized population-based screening program that includes HPV testing is essential.","PeriodicalId":438201,"journal":{"name":"Glasnik javnog zdravlja","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124185716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Menstrual hygiene management in rural schools in Šumadija and Pomoravlje districts (Serbia)","authors":"D. Jovanović, V. Karadzic, K. Paunović, Jelka Ranković, M. Vasić","doi":"10.5937/serbjph2203262j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/serbjph2203262j","url":null,"abstract":"Good menstrual hygiene management in schools means that schoolgirls have access to adequate school toilets that meet criteria for basic sanitation and hygiene service, but also that they have basic knowledge about menstrual hygiene. The aim of this work is to assess sanitation and hygiene conditions for adequate menstrual hygiene management in rural schools in the Šumadija and Pomoravlje districts. The study was conducted on the territory of the rural areas of Šumadija and Pomoravlje districts in 2016. It encompassed 238 schools, of which 108 in Šumadija and 130 in Pomoravlje district. To assess sanitation and hygiene conditions for adequate menstrual hygiene management, a questionnaire was created, with questions related to: existence of toilets at schools and whether they are functional, accessible, single-sex, and ensure privacy, to provision of soap and toilet paper, handwashing facilities, bins with a lid in toilet cubicles for schoolgirls, and to provision of menstrual hygiene education. This research showed that a high percentage of school toilets in rural areas meet the basic service criteria (more than 90% for sanitation and about 85% for hygiene) in respect of toilet type and whether toilets are single-sex, usable, and with functional handwashing facilities. However, the obstacles to reaching the criteria for advanced service level are the insufficient provision of facilities for the disposal of menstrual products in toilet cubicles (76.9%), as well as the absence of menstrual hygiene education in 50% of schools. The research indicated the need to improve sanitation and hygiene conditions in order to reach advanced service level that would include better menstrual hygiene management in rural schools in Serbia. Also, a continued research should be focused on the role of social and economic aspects concerning schoolgirls and their families in the attainment of adequate menstrual hygiene.","PeriodicalId":438201,"journal":{"name":"Glasnik javnog zdravlja","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114584112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Importance of tobacco control for prevention of malignant disease","authors":"B. Kilibarda, M. Vasić, Cornel Radu-Loghin, Sofija Jovanovic","doi":"10.5937/gjz2101043k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/gjz2101043k","url":null,"abstract":"Smoking is related to 25% of all cases of malignant diseases globally. In 2020, in EU, 2.7 million people were diagnosed and 1.3 million died from malignant diseases. It is estimated that, in Europe, 1.6 million cases of lung cancer could be prevented with appropriate implementation of evidence-based tobacco control measures. In Serbia, more than 15.000 people die prematurely due to tobacco use every year. In addition, more than 800.000 of current smokers in Serbia will die prematurely if tobacco control measures are not implemented. Thus, tobacco control is of great importance for reducing the burden of malignant diseases. The aim of the article is to gain insight into tobacco control actions in key international and national documents and initiatives aimed at malignant disease prevention. Europe's Beating Cancer Plan includes activities that should decrease the share of the population in EU using tobacco to below 5% by 2040, which would be a significant reduction compared to current 25%. Joint Action \"Innovative Partnership for Action Against Cancer\", is aimed, among other things, at strengthening cancer prevention and raising awareness of the European Code Against Cancer, which stipulates 12 key recommendations for cancer risk reduction. Among these, two refer to tobacco use and exposure to tobacco smoke. Program for the improvement of cancer control in the Republic of Serbia for 2020-2022 foresees enhanced implementation of the existing tobacco-related legislation and its alignment with the WHO Framework Convention of Tobacco Control (FCTC) and EU acquis, as well as strengthening the network of smoking cessation services. Although many countries are signatories of the WHO FCTC and thus committed to the implementation of evidence-based tobacco control measures, tobacco use prevalence is still high, leading to higher cancer morbidity. Therefore, additional efforts and emphasis on tobacco control are needed within prevention of non-communicable diseases. Current strategic documents in the EU and in Serbia recognize the importance of tobacco control and provide a framework for reduction of tobacco use, but appropriate implementation of these measures is also necessary.","PeriodicalId":438201,"journal":{"name":"Glasnik javnog zdravlja","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126326126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contribution of the Serbian military medical service to global medicine in 1914/15","authors":"G. Čukić","doi":"10.5937/serbjph2302233c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/serbjph2302233c","url":null,"abstract":"Serbia was unprepared for a new war, which came on suddenly, but which Serbia was forced to launch in 1914. The Government had been plagued by corruption scandals. When it comes to spotted typhus, what the Serbian Military Medical Service had at its disposal in 1914 was the practice of \"separating the healthy from the sick\". In addition, \"total war\" postponed the rational spending of money for the army's medical needs. All this caused, as is well known, poor accommodation of the wounded and the sick, lack of medication, hygienic products etc. The lack of accommodation was handled by transporting wounded soldiers to the country's interior. Lice were considered pests, so in the midst of the war tribulations they were \"bearable problems\" as there were far worse hardships to endure. Numerous factors led to the spread of the outbreak, among which the leading factor was that, unbeknownst to medical science, lice were of epidemiological importance for the spread of spotted typhus and relapsing fever. The failures of palliative measures increased the number of the sick and forced the government to seek medical assistance from the Allies. Once the teachings of C. Nicolle were accepted, that focused the efforts of the medical teams on delousing, not only in the affected patients prior to their hospitalization as the medical practice of the time demanded as a routine matter of hygienic pest control. The uncertainty of the arrival of foreign medical missions and the inability to put the newly recognized epidemiological significance of lice infestation to proper use by delousing in factory-made autoclaves launched a wave of engineering ingenuity in Serbia. A coordination body of the Parliament and Government was formed on 13 February 1915 named the National Disease Containment Board, to manage the outbreaks. In those days, once foreign missions had been invited, in only two weeks the Serbian Military Medical Service made a scientific contribution worthy of global medical attention. The emergency caused by the growing epidemic led the doctors to improvise. Already in early March, the \"central disinfection station\" was commissioned, repurposed from an old brick factory and furbished with an oven with dry hot air, to which a bathroom had been added. It had a daily capacity of 1200 users, whose clothes were deloused in the chamber while they were bathing, so that they could put them back on again. Without the use of the bathroom, it could process 4-5000 items of clothing and bedding. It was the most valuable method world-wide to contain and prevent the spotted typhus in the upcoming 28 years, until the emergence of DDT.","PeriodicalId":438201,"journal":{"name":"Glasnik javnog zdravlja","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123713093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Main characteristics of the organized screening program for cervical cancer, breast cancer and colorectal cancer in the Republic of Serbia","authors":"V. Jovanovic, T. Naumović","doi":"10.5937/gjz2101033j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/gjz2101033j","url":null,"abstract":"The paper aims to provide a descriptive, detailed review of the organized screening programs for cervical cancer, breast cancer and colorectal cancer in the Republic of Serbia. In this research, data from the Regulations on the National Program for Early Detection of Breast Cancer, Cervical Cancer and Colorectal Cancer were used, as well as published and unpublished data from the Institute of Public Health of Serbia. Screening for cervical cancer, breast cancer and colorectal cancer is carried out on the territory of the Republic of Serbia in the form of an organized decentralized program. Cervical cancer screening program encompasses women aged 25-64 years; the breast cancer screening program covers women aged 50-69 years; and the colorectal cancer screening program is offered to men and women aged 50-74 years. All three screening programs aim to cover at least 75% of the target population. The screening cycle for cervical cancer is three years, and for breast cancer and colorectal cancer, two years. The screening test used in the organized cervical cancer screening program is the PAP test; for breast cancer, the screening methodology relies on mammography; and for colorectal cancer, the screening program involves an immunohistochemical FOB test. Organized screening for cervical and breast cancers are offered through gynaecology specialists, while the organized screening for colorectal cancer is provided through the family physician, a medical doctor (or general medicine specialist) at the health centre. Organized cervical cancer, breast cancer and colorectal cancer screening programs represent a key activity at all levels of the healthcare system for early detection, prevention and reduction of mortality from malignant diseases. All programs are a part of continual healthcare activities in the Republic of Serbia, as a highly efficient cancer control strategy.","PeriodicalId":438201,"journal":{"name":"Glasnik javnog zdravlja","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123100763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Situs inversus totalis: Case report","authors":"Milijana Damnjanović","doi":"10.5937/serbjph2302219d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/serbjph2302219d","url":null,"abstract":"Situs inversus totalis is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by the mirror-image position of abdominal and thoracic organs, and the heart compared to their normal anatomical position. The estimated prevalence of situs inversus totalis in the general population ranges from 1:6500 to 1:25000. Situs inversus totalis can be associated with primary ciliary dyskinesia, structural abnormalities of the heart, and congenital anomalies of visceral organs, and the clinical picture depends on the associated congenital anomalies. However, in most cases, individuals with situs inversus totalis do not have associated congenital anomalies and health problems and the diagnosis is usually made incidentally during a medical examination. Due to the reverse position of thoracic and abdominal organs, the clinical picture of abdominal and cardiovascular diseases in these individuals can be atypical, and knowledge of their anatomy can help avoid diagnostic errors, complications, and unfavourable outcomes. This is the case of a three-year-old boy with situs inversus totalis, without associated congenital anomalies, in whom the diagnosis was made during the investigation of fever of unknown aetiology.","PeriodicalId":438201,"journal":{"name":"Glasnik javnog zdravlja","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127051273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aepidemiological characteristics of diabetes mellitus in Serbian communities in Kosovo and Metohija","authors":"Olivera Jevremović, Svetlana Radević, S. Kocić, Snežana Radovanović, Viktor Selaković, Snežana Rakić","doi":"10.5937/serbjph2202165j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/serbjph2202165j","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes mellitus is a serious, chronic disease considerably affecting the quality of life and well-being of the individual, family and society as a whole. The global diabetes epidemic is one of the biggest public health challenges of the 21st century. The subject of the research is the analysis of the diabetes mellitus epidemiological characteristics in Serbian communities in Kosovo and Metohija, in the period from 2010-2019. The research was designed as a retrospective, descriptive-epidemiological study in which the basic sample consisted of all the patients newly diagnosed with diabetes mellitus who were registered in the health care institutions in Serbian communities in Kosovo and Metohija in the period from 1 January 2010-31 December 2019 and reported to the Kosovska Mitrovica Institute of Public Health. The total number of newly registered cases in the given period was 1250. The Kosovska Mitrovica Institute of Public Health's database of non-communicable diseases was used as a source of data on diabetes mellitus, while the applicable reporting form for this disease was used as a research tool. All statistical calculations were performed using the commercial, standard software package SPSS, version 20.0. (The Statistical Package for Social Sciences software (SPSS Inc, version 20.0, Chicago, IL)). Of the total number of people newly diagnosed with diabetes mellitus in the observed period from 2010 to 2019, more than four in five (87.7%) were people with type 2 diabetes, while one in eight (12.3%) had type 1 diabetes. The younger age groups and men have a considerably higher percentage of new type 1 diabetes cases, while the older age groups and women have a higher percentage of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes cases. Diabetes prevention should be implemented using a population-based approach, which includes actions targeting the society and individuals.","PeriodicalId":438201,"journal":{"name":"Glasnik javnog zdravlja","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132355211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HPV detection and/or cytological diagnostics","authors":"Sanja Milenković","doi":"10.5937/serbjph2203313m","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/serbjph2203313m","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this review article is to demonstrate the role and importance of the pathologist/cytologist in screening and to emphasise the importance of introducing the state-of-the-art molecular biology methods into the screening programme, in addition to providing an overview of the screening methods. Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, World Health Organization Director-General, announced a global call for action to eliminate cervical cancer and made it a public health priority in 2018. Cervical screening tests can detect precancerous lesions of the cervix in apparently healthy, asymptomatic women. Many institutions still use the conventional or Pap test, while many others have started using the modern test i.e. liquid-based cytology, which significantly reduces the pre-analytical phase errors. To date, studies comparing the two techniques have not provided consistent evidence that liquid-based cytology offers significant improvements in sensitivity or specificity, so both are considered acceptable. With the discovery of the etiological link between the HPV virus and cervical cancer in 1983, new methods were developed for cervical cancer screening by designing tests aimed at identifying the virus/infection rather than at the onset of the disease and detecting altered cells. The application of the HPV test as the first line of the screening programme is becoming routine. The advantages of applying the molecular technique are that it has a high predictive value, high reproducibility and high throughput. In the Republic of Serbia, the screening programme has been implemented by the National Decree since 2013, as an organised, decentralised programme and has its own difficulties in terms of personnel, financial and organisational deficiencies. The HPV primary screening would enable those difficulties to be overcome to a considerable degree, especially if liquid-based cytology were to be implemented and digital pathology introduced along with HPV screening. All of this, however, has one prerequisite, which is centralisation. Looking at the situation also from the aspect of introducing vaccines against the HPV virus, I believe that we are on the right track to control cervical cancers, and to eradicate them in the not so distant future.","PeriodicalId":438201,"journal":{"name":"Glasnik javnog zdravlja","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130463766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}