MASSACHUSETTS REVIEW最新文献

{"title":"Memory Reconsolidation and Fear Extinction as Treatment of Trauma and PTSD: A Review","authors":"Gavin Du","doi":"10.70121/001c.154950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.70121/001c.154950","url":null,"abstract":"Intrusive and persistent fear memories are a defining feature of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Two processes have gained attention as alternatives to traditional therapies: memory reconsolidation, in which a recalled memory enters a labile state and can be modified, and fear extinction, in which new safety learning suppresses the original trace. This review examines eleven recent studies addressing both mechanisms and their clinical applications. Reconsolidation depends on protein synthesis, prediction error, and hippocampal-prefrontal coordination, and can be disrupted through pharmacological agents such as propranolol, rapamycin, and NMDA modulators, as well as neuromodulation. Extinction instead relies on building safety associations and is influenced by adrenergic state, sleep quality, and the salience of conditioned cues. Clinically, reconsolidation-based methods, including Reconsolidation of Traumatic Memories therapy and propranolol reactivation, show promise in weakening traumatic recall, while extinction-based approaches remain central to exposure therapies but often lead to relapse because patients must repeatedly face trauma. Together, the evidence suggests reconsolidation may allow more lasting change, whereas extinction provides reliable but fragile benefits. Future research should clarify boundary conditions and test integrated approaches to develop more durable, patient-centered PTSD treatments.","PeriodicalId":43806,"journal":{"name":"MASSACHUSETTS REVIEW","volume":"Winter 2025/2026 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.scholarlyreview.org/article/154950.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147907871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Qing Dynasty’s Diplomatic Behavior toward Vietnamese Envoys (1802–1885)","authors":"Thi My Hanh Nguyen","doi":"10.1163/22879811-bja10078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/22879811-bja10078","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Based on historical sources from the Nguyễn and Qing dynasties, the article examines the Qing dynasty’s behavior toward Vietnamese envoys based on China’s role as the dominant/central nation in the nineteenth century when they sought investiture, paid tribute, or made offerings. The article identifies two trends in the Qing dynasty’s treatment of Vietnamese envoys during that time: a trend toward flexibility and moderation and, at other times, a trend toward toughness, even deterrence. However, the trend toward moderation prevailed throughout the nineteenth century. Then, the article elucidates the factors that contributed to this situation and highlights the relative power of China in the regional and global context in that era.","PeriodicalId":43806,"journal":{"name":"MASSACHUSETTS REVIEW","volume":"13 1","pages":"117-135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147913868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on the synthesis of transitional metal and post-transitional metal doping eolitic imidazolate framework-based electrocatalysts and electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction","authors":"Zirui Fang","doi":"10.70121/001c.123593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.70121/001c.123593","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrogen, as a sustainable and green energy source, has gained significant attention in the context of the global energy crisis. The challenge underlying the hydrogen evolution reaction in electrochemical water splitting is to replace the noble metal-based electrocatalysts with effective low overpotential and kinetically favorable electrocatalysts. This research focused on the synthesis and modification of non-noble metal zeolitic imidazolate framework-based electrocatalysts. Using the heteroatom metal doping to improve electrocatalysts, Ni, Ce, Bi, and In are investigated as possible dopants. Herein, we successfully synthesized electrocatalysts combining CoM nanoalloy (M = Ni/Ce/In/Bi) with N-doped carbon nanostructure, denoted as CoM@NC. Among all synthesized electrocatalysts, CoNi@NC demonstrates to be the best HER electrocatalyst, with the lowest overpotential of 454.5mV at 10 mA cm-2 current density, Tafel slope of 86.3 mV dec-1, and stability for more than 10 hours. The composition and structures of CoNi@NC optimize its electron structure, increase active sites, and improve its onductivity and stability, which makes it a possible effective nonnoble metal HER electrocatalyst. This electrocatalyst provides a possible method to design and synthesize hydrogen evolution electrocatalysts that can replace noble metal-based electrocatalysts.","PeriodicalId":43806,"journal":{"name":"MASSACHUSETTS REVIEW","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.scholarlyreview.org/article/123593.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147911280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing Ballet Performance with Physics-Based Character Animation Using Deep Reinforcement Learning","authors":"Christian J. Kim","doi":"10.70121/001c.123585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.70121/001c.123585","url":null,"abstract":"Deep reinforcement learning methods in physics-based character animation have diverse application potential for ballet performance including high-fidelity movement replication, enhanced pose estimation, and creative choreography prototyping. First, a current overview of foundational deep reinforcement learning frameworks is presented, primarily based on latest developments including DeepMimic, Residual Force Control (RFC), Adversarial Motion Priors (AMP), and Simulated Character Control for 3D Human Pose Estimation (SimPoE). DeepMimic applies reference motion data for learning control policies and can synthesize a high-fidelity of the corresponding complex motion. RFC resolves dynamics mismatches with the help of external residual forces that allow it to perform certain motions. AMP is a combination of reinforcement learning and generative adversarial networks that helps in policy learning from scarce data, while SimPoE is the integration of physics-based control with the 3D pose estimator for realism. The research focuses on exploring compatible uses of these technologies in ballet performance, from fine tuning of methods to mimic the exacting nature of artistic ballet movements to concerns of scalability, data integrity, and ethical considerations.","PeriodicalId":43806,"journal":{"name":"MASSACHUSETTS REVIEW","volume":"Fall 2024 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.scholarlyreview.org/article/123585.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147886628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"No és bona educació, és minorització: sostenibilitat lingüística en la diversitat","authors":"Guillem Belmar Viernes","doi":"10.7275/livinglanguages.1997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7275/livinglanguages.1997","url":null,"abstract":"Aquest article presenta alguns aspectes de les dinàmiques de minorització lingüística que es deriven d’ideologies de cortesia (la bona educació) i identifica alguns dels factors que ens poden ser favorables a l’hora de suggerir l’assertivitat com a estratègia de resiliència lingüística que ens permeti assolir sostenibilitat en la diversitat. L’article presenta una anàlisi d’aquestes dinàmiques de minorització a partir d’observacions etnogràfiques i treballs de l’autor amb la comunitat frisona als Països Baixos i el català a Catalunya, així com els resultats que altres investigadors han publicat sobre els casos del gallec, el basc, el gal·lès i el careli. Les reflexions incloses en aquest article, però, es basen també en moltes converses i debats amb investigadors i activistes de llengües minoritzades d’arreu d’Europa. This paper presents some aspects of the dynamics of linguistic minoritisation that derive from ideologies of politeness (good manners) and identifies some of the factors that may be favourable to suggesting assertiveness as a strategy for linguistic resilience that will enable us to achieve sustainability in diversity. The study presents an analysis of the dynamics of minoritisation based on ethnographic observations and the author's work with the Frisian community in the Netherlands and Catalan in Catalonia, as well as the results that other researchers have published on the cases of Galician, Basque, Welsh, and Karelian. The reflections included in this article, however, are also based on many conversations and debates with researchers and activists of minority languages from all over Europe.","PeriodicalId":43806,"journal":{"name":"MASSACHUSETTS REVIEW","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147887800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"VAT considerations around the delegation of investment fund management services: A riddle wrapped in a mystery inside an enigma? ,","authors":"Raphael Glohr, Aylin Cam, Michel Lambion","doi":"10.3917/eifr.004.0037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3917/eifr.004.0037","url":null,"abstract":"Entre le premier plan de 1960 et la fermeture de 2004, les mines de houille lorraines traversent quatre décennies de régression progressive selon des pentes variées. Grâce à la vigilance syndicale et à l’existence depuis 1946 d’un statut protecteur et d’un employeur nationalisé, les salariés des Houillères du bassin de Lorraine comme des autres houillères françaises bénéficient de conditions de reconversion professionnelle et de départs anticipés qui peuvent être vus comme particulièrement avantageux par comparaison avec les autres secteurs de l’industrie française qui subissent des licenciements massifs, surtout à compter des chocs pétroliers. Malgré cela, le recul et la disparition de l’exploitation minière laissent le territoire et sa population désorientés : ils ont perdu leur originalité tout en portant un héritage minier important dans leur paysage et leur urbanisme.","PeriodicalId":43806,"journal":{"name":"MASSACHUSETTS REVIEW","volume":"N° 4 2","pages":"37-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147914278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hidden Track","authors":"Sumita Chakraborty","doi":"10.1353/mar.2023.a907331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/mar.2023.a907331","url":null,"abstract":"Hidden Track Sumita Chakraborty (bio) Keywords poetry, Sumita Chakraborty, outer space, aliens, exploration, truth, race, fear, love, family, safety A poet once saidThere is no there there. I said before that we wantyou to think we’re worthy of saving. The truth is,we made we up. I want youto think I, and the ones I love, are worthy of saving.I am a brown woman who has loved widelyand unsystematically. I, and my we,have a they. Give them a reasonto look up in fear. Lord knows,they’d do it anyway. [End Page 131] Sumita Chakraborty sumita chakraborty is a poet and scholar. She is the author of the poetry collection Arrow (Alice James Books [US]/Carcanet Press [UK]), which received coverage in the New York Times, NPR, and the Guardian. She is currently writing a scholarly book, Grave Dangers: Poetics and the Ethics of Death in the Anthropocene, which is under an advance contract with the University of Minnesota Press. The recipient of honors from the Poetry Foundation, the Forward Arts Foundation, and Kundiman, she is assistant professor of English and creative writing at North Carolina State University in Raleigh, NC. Copyright © 2023 The Massachusetts Review, Inc","PeriodicalId":43806,"journal":{"name":"MASSACHUSETTS REVIEW","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135427343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"At The Museum of Everyday Life, and: On Calving","authors":"Sarah Audsley","doi":"10.1353/mar.2023.a907317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/mar.2023.a907317","url":null,"abstract":"At The Museum of Everyday Life, and: On Calving Sarah Audsley (bio) Keywords poetry, Sarah Audsley, flying, creation, myths, storks, livestock, birth, death, tourists, class, wealth, climate change AT THE MUSEUM OF EVERYDAY LIFE The theme this month: scissors. Last month:knots. From the plinths, in our hands, storks slide their legs back & forth, make tiny cuts of air& mimic striding, lifting their laden beaks, deliberate movements an upward chargeinto a darkened sky—wings, full-blown. When you’re serious about your sewing & crafting,you should be serious about your cutting, too. Stork scissors: birds, molded thin bladesas beaks; their eyes, a screw at the pivot point; each body the curvature of handles; the legs roundedholes, one for thumb, one for pointer & middle. The result—scissors & shears of uncompromising qualitythat will bring you years of cutting pleasure. Dear metal birds, tell us the difference in feeling between cuttingfabric or flesh, about the midwives who carried you in their kits. Blades through the slick of newness,the skin’s first brush with oxygen. Cut of the cord, a silent snip. Take wholeness & pull it apartto codify a sum of parts. Tell us so the “I” can fly [End Page 14] forth, so I can individuate from the flock& with this act of separation, take flight from any vantage. Which is to say, if I breakmy habit of believing in the myths, in babies borne to mothers from storks, in metaphor at all,what could be different. What might make sense. [End Page 15] ON CALVING The door handle, smooth from roughhandsopening & closing, a camera’s shutter on the scene:the round brown heifer calving on her own in deepnight without help; her warmslick clumpstwo-inch sawdust, stains the barnwood floor.I shamequake in this childdream. An alien form, afraid of its newness, the smell, I rememberthe men beckoned me closer to witnessthe calf stand on its own. How seldom to wonder is its own category, its own box to check off, a To-Doto classify as accomplishment. Instead, we followdirections, believe in mythmaking, alternative facts, progress. So. I believe the newborn nosetuggedat the mother’s teat, the way my mouth neverpulledon nipple, begged the body. Then, let me wonder at lightparticles, the Milky Way, lacrimal ducts,how my eyes spark when you appear, ghostmother,when I thought you were what I had to let go. The future is here: veal, so tender-battered & servedon cruises to tourists who clink champagne & chewas they watch the glaciers quicken with the warming, the slow moving turbines pumping & invisibleunder a tonnage of water. [End Page 16] Sarah Audsley saraha audsley is the author of Landlock X (Texas Review Press). A Korean American adoptee, a graduate of the MFA Program for Writers at Warren Wilson College, and a member of The Starlings Collective, Audsley lives and works in northern Vermont. Copyright © 2023 The Massachusetts Review, Inc","PeriodicalId":43806,"journal":{"name":"MASSACHUSETTS REVIEW","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135428619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kuulla","authors":"Ubah Cristina Ali Farah","doi":"10.1353/mar.2023.a907322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/mar.2023.a907322","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: The narrator, Indhokuusha, migrates from country to country in search of a place to rest. But no nation welcomes him; he’s exiled again and again—constantly in motion. He wanders around at night and finds solace in the company of another night-time traveler, a garbageman.","PeriodicalId":43806,"journal":{"name":"MASSACHUSETTS REVIEW","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135428620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Track Nine: “God”","authors":"Sumita Chakraborty","doi":"10.1353/mar.2023.a907329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/mar.2023.a907329","url":null,"abstract":"Track Nine: “God” Sumita Chakraborty (bio) Keywords poetry, Sumita Chakraborty, religion, clothing, outer space, aliens, exploration Please, forgive me— Here I must drop my pretenselike a silk skirt. I am not we.The Committee has designatedme, and me alone, to cleanup after the left behind. They picked mebecause I am expendable. When I fail, which I will,I too will join the left behind.My replacement won’t tell youabout me. Her jobwill be to pick upfrom where I left off.We have been asked to ensurethat the seams don’t show. I am the wrong personto tell you about God. I worry, though, that the right personmay forget to tell youthat when we feel too largefor our earthly plane, we scream,Oh God. Oh God. Oh. [End Page 119] Sumita Chakraborty sumita chakraborty is a poet and scholar. She is the author of the poetry collection Arrow (Alice James Books [US]/Carcanet Press [UK]), which received coverage in the New York Times, NPR, and the Guardian. She is currently writing a scholarly book, Grave Dangers: Poetics and the Ethics of Death in the Anthropocene, which is under an advance contract with the University of Minnesota Press. The recipient of honors from the Poetry Foundation, the Forward Arts Foundation, and Kundiman, she is assistant professor of English and creative writing at North Carolina State University in Raleigh, NC. Copyright © 2023 The Massachusetts Review, Inc","PeriodicalId":43806,"journal":{"name":"MASSACHUSETTS REVIEW","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135427341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}