arq-Architectural Research Quarterly最新文献

{"title":"Forgoing the architect’s vision: American home economists as pioneers of participatory design, 1930–60","authors":"Anna Myjak-Pycia","doi":"10.1017/S1359135521000142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1359135521000142","url":null,"abstract":"The phenomenon of participatory architectural design is thought to have emerged in the late 1960s and 1970s in Europe. In 1969, Giancarlo De Carlo, one of its main advocates, presented a manifesto in which he asserted that ‘architecture is too important to be left to architects’, criticised architectural practice as a relationship of ‘the intrinsic aggressiveness of architecture and the forced passivity of the user’, and called for establishing ‘a condition of creative and decisional equivalence’ between the architect and the user, so that in fact both the architect and the user take on the architect’s role. He also argued for the ‘discovery of users’ needs’ and envisioned the process of designing as planning ‘with’ the users instead of planning ‘for’ the users.1 In the same year, De Carlo began working on a housing estate in Terni, Italy that involved future dwellers in design decisions. Among other participatory projects carried out around that time were Lucien Kroll’s medical faculty building for the University de Louvain (1970–6) and Ottaker Uhl‘s Fesstgasse Housing, a multi-storey apartment block in Vienna (1979).","PeriodicalId":43799,"journal":{"name":"arq-Architectural Research Quarterly","volume":"1 1","pages":"17 - 30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89654563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors influencing form","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/s135913552100018x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s135913552100018x","url":null,"abstract":"straightforward, rational consequence of design decisions taken in relation to programme, site, and environmental and social conditions. There has been plenty of research – in relation to particular designers, design practices, building types, and numerous thematics – illustrating how modern architects’ judgements of what might be considered straightforward or rational played out. There is also much contemporary scholarship surrounding how other human and non-human factors produce form, such as: environmental agents (at a variety of scales); the multiple infrastructures into which buildings are connected; cultural and political ideas including those of gender, ethnicity, class, and power; the cultures of design in which architecture gets produced; the influence of regulations, contract, and specification types; and of digital and analogue representation practices. In this context, our current issue of arq addresses various factors influencing form, examining historical and contemporary examples. Matthew Mindrup examines how certain postwar modern architects and engineers imagined architecture as the clear expression of structure via the medium of models (pp. 4–16), considering how ‘clarity of form and function’ emerged through modelmaking practices. Anna Myjak-Pycia recounts how home economists of the 1950s and ‘60s ‘dismantled the traditional notion of architectural authorship’, analysing the function of spaces in direct participation with users, bypassing architects’ form-making ego (pp. 17–30). In contrast, Simon Richards shows how cultural forces play out in form-making by interpreting demolition traditions, relating together the works of architect Arata Isozaki and writer Ango Sakaguchi (pp. 31–42); and Stephen Parnell and Mark Sawyer document how architectural magazines, powerful influencers of architectural culture and therefore architectural form, can themselves be imagined as sites of architectural production or as architectural projects. Meanwhile, Mark David Major examines the multiple interconnected factors at play in the failure of the Pruitt-Igoe housing scheme in St Louis, Missouri, famously demolished in 1972 (pp. 55–68); and Aleksandar Kŭsić and Vladan Djokić examine Belgrade’s late 1960s Julino Brdo housing estate as a consequence of the wider dynamics of the city’s socialist urbanisation. Lastly, Jing Yang, Jonathan Hale, and Toby Blackman appreciate light, movement, and the effects of film editing techniques on designers’ and inhabitants’ imaginations, as factors influencing the experience of form, in relation to the Rolex Learning Centre in Lausanne designed by SANAA in 2010.","PeriodicalId":43799,"journal":{"name":"arq-Architectural Research Quarterly","volume":"24 1","pages":"3 - 3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79215041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chiara Monterumisi on the ‘cultural transfer’ of modern architecture northwards","authors":"Chiara Monterumisi","doi":"10.1017/S1359135521000166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1359135521000166","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43799,"journal":{"name":"arq-Architectural Research Quarterly","volume":"8 1","pages":"93 - 98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89034273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘Excavating’ Pruitt-Igoe using space syntax","authors":"M. Major","doi":"10.1017/S1359135521000130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1359135521000130","url":null,"abstract":"Pruitt-Igoe, in St Louis, Missouri, United States, was one of the most notorious social housing projects of the twentieth century. Charles Jencks argued opening his book The Language of Post-Modern Architecture, ‘Modern Architecture died in St Louis, Missouri on July 15, 1972 at 3.32 pm (or thereabouts) when the infamous Pruitt-Igoe scheme, or rather several of its slab blocks, were given the final coup de grâce by dynamite.’ However, the magazine Architectural Forum had heralded the project as ‘the best high apartment’ of the year in 1951. Indeed, one of its first residents in 1957 described Pruitt-Igoe as ‘like an oasis in a desert, all of this newness’. But a later resident derided the housing project as ‘Hell on Earth’ in 1967. Only eighteen years after opening, the St Louis Public Housing Authority (PHA) began demolishing Pruitt-Igoe in 1972 [1]. It remains commonly cited for the failures of modernist design and planning.","PeriodicalId":43799,"journal":{"name":"arq-Architectural Research Quarterly","volume":"45 1","pages":"55 - 68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88469300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The parallax landscape and its middle-class spatiality: the case of the Julino Brdo housing estate, Belgrade","authors":"A. Kušić, V. Djokić","doi":"10.1017/S135913552100004X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S135913552100004X","url":null,"abstract":"The housing estate of Julino Brdo was built in the late 1960s in the Čukarica municipality of Belgrade, and housed the ‘middle class’ of Yugoslav selfmanagement socialism – managers, experts, and administrators, in an area that was also populated by the improvised homes of illegal settlers. Approaching the estate from the north, the observer first notices two clusters of homogeneous masses rising out of a plateau known as ‘Grujina Strana’. As the observer moves forward, the estate briefly disappears from sight, only to reappear as a single cluster merged with the steep sides of the plateau.","PeriodicalId":43799,"journal":{"name":"arq-Architectural Research Quarterly","volume":"296 1","pages":"69 - 82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74954208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The architect’s task: the use of models as structural expressionism","authors":"Matthew Mindrup","doi":"10.1017/S1359135521000051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1359135521000051","url":null,"abstract":"In the above cited quote, Kevin Roche, a principal associate at Eero Saarinen’s architectural practice in 1957, recalls an early morning discussion about the design of the Trans World Airlines’ (TWA) Flight Center. Roche’s story about Saarinen reminds us that at the beginning of an architectural project, a solution may come from any variety of sources, not least of all from everyday objects. This was certainly the case for Saarinen, who found the seed for his design of the structural shells of the TWA Flight Center in the rind of a grapefruit. Despite its seeming novelty, Saarinen is not unique in his approach to the generation of architectural form with models; the Greek-French composer, architect and engineer Iannis Xenakis, who while working with Le Corbusier in 1957, used strings and thick wire to design the hyperbolic shell for their Philips Pavilion at the 1958 Brussels Expo. That a model will play a defining role in an architect’s approach to structural design is also demonstrated by the ‘spherical solution’ that Jørn Utzon discovered while stacking models of his Sydney Opera House’s shell roofs. These explorations with the expression of structure emerged at a time when a new generation of designers, including Eduardo Torroja, Pier Luigi Nervi and Felix Candela, had realised a handful of buildings using models to study and test structural form.","PeriodicalId":43799,"journal":{"name":"arq-Architectural Research Quarterly","volume":"146 1","pages":"4 - 16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77769874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Physical Environment on Quality of Life among Residents with Dementia in Long-Term Care Facilities in Canada and Sweden: A longitudinal study in a large-scale institutional setting versus a small-scale homelike setting","authors":"Sook-Young Lee, Li-Ting Hung, H. Chaudhury, Agneta Morelli","doi":"10.5659/AIKAR.2021.23.2.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5659/AIKAR.2021.23.2.19","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43799,"journal":{"name":"arq-Architectural Research Quarterly","volume":"12 1","pages":"19-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81844318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In search of architectural magazines","authors":"Stephen Parnell, M. Sawyer","doi":"10.1017/S1359135520000457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1359135520000457","url":null,"abstract":"This article develops a theoretical framework for the relationship between the architectural magazine and architecture, understood as a profession, a discipline, and a culture. By developing David Abrahamson’s idea of ‘magazine exceptionalism’ from the field of magazines studies, it offers a definition of what constitutes an architectural magazine, arguing that to be architectural, a magazine must be a site of architectural production, as either a validator in the field of architecture or as an architectural project in its own right.","PeriodicalId":43799,"journal":{"name":"arq-Architectural Research Quarterly","volume":"72 1","pages":"43 - 54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81495132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longing to re-inhabit public architecture and civic space","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/s1359135521000099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s1359135521000099","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43799,"journal":{"name":"arq-Architectural Research Quarterly","volume":"24 1","pages":"307 - 308"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86963516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘Planning Your Neighbourhood’: modernism on manoeuvres","authors":"Stuart Mills","doi":"10.1017/S1359135521000026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1359135521000026","url":null,"abstract":"In the summer of 1945, Ernö Goldfinger produced a twenty-sheet exhibition entitled ‘Planning Your Neighbourhood’ (PYN) for the Army Bureau of Current Affairs (ABCA) [1]. It shows how Goldfinger continued to promote a vision of modern architecture that had evolved in the 1930s, by adapting it to planning for postwar urban reconstruction. The reach of PYN went beyond that of a public exhibition because of its role in Army education; for the majority of its audience it wasn’t a matter of choice – the sheets were brought to them. This article examines the strategies he adopted to communicate the validity of modernism in Britain. It will show how wartime circumstances provided Goldfinger with a remarkable opportunity to present modern architecture to a mass audience.","PeriodicalId":43799,"journal":{"name":"arq-Architectural Research Quarterly","volume":"76 1","pages":"327 - 342"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90992448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"艺术学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}