Day 1 Mon, December 03, 2018最新文献

{"title":"Phase III Well Abandonment Experiences from an Offshore Process Platform in Asia","authors":"S. A. Canny","doi":"10.2118/193966-MS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/193966-MS","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Well slot abandonment in offshore marine facilities is complex, with numerous challenges and interfaces that must be managed effectively to safely execute the project. A significant challenge is in the cutting, hoisting and handling of nested tubulars and conductor sections when they are retrieved to surface. The structural integrity of the tubulars can vary, owing to marine interactions and prevalence of extensive corrosion and, in some cases, connectivity between the annuli and the marine environment. As such, extensive pre-operational engineering and stringent operational control measures are required.\u0000 The paper presents a case study of the permanent well slot abandonment of fifteen producing wells and two disposal wells. The facility is located offshore Japan, in a water depth of approximately 500 ft, with the distance from drill floor to mudline being 637 ft. The safe execution of well clean out, tubular-conveyed rotary cutting, and hoisting was undertaken through extensive onshore engineering and project preparation, to prevent personnel or environmental incidents.\u0000 The engineering challenges of hoisting over 650 ft. of nested tubulars and conductor are discussed. The mudline adhesion interactions with the conductor requires additional over pull, above the force of the nested string end load. Bespoke hoisting equipment was developed for the project and used upon slipping the nested strings in the rotary, to safely hoist the cut strings, and allow for handling during laydown operations.\u0000 Challenges in the structural impairment of the nested strings, due to annular cement being poor or not present are discussed, allied to localized issues such as boring and cutting operations through casing collars or centralizers. An audit of operation times is presented and the incremental efficiency gains and time reductions due to increasing integration of the service company and operator teams, allied to competency increases, are presented.\u0000 The project involved the recovery and lay down of over 29,500 ft. of nested tubulars and conductor, during which there were 52 subsurface rotary cuts, 245 boring and pinning operations with 241 surface cuts performed. The project was executed in 62 days, 32% ahead of the operator's project approval for expenditure. The project involved over 26,000 man hours, with no personnel or environmental incidents throughout the project duration.","PeriodicalId":437819,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Mon, December 03, 2018","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123891245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual Annuli Closed System Perforate, Wash and Cement","authors":"Choon Hoong Teo, Thore Andre Stokkeland, P. Matthews, Arild Helleren, Abdul Karim Sainuddin","doi":"10.2118/193989-MS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/193989-MS","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The Perforate, Wash and Cement technique has been widely implemented in the remediation of annular cement in recent years, with the application gaining increasing confidence within the Well Integrity, Plugging and Abandonment sectors.\u0000 With the increase in confidence in the technique to successfully remediate annulus cement comes the evolution of the process; pushing of limitations to meet new and previously challenging plugging and abandonment projects with confidence.\u0000 The first attempted and successful ‘Closed System’ type Perforate, Wash and Cement of Dual Annuli is discussed and evaluated in this paper as an effective mean for environmental plugging and abandonment.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 For the dual annuli application to be successful, the perforation of 10-3/4\" and 13-3/8\" casings must be effective without damaging the 18-5/8\" casing to ensure efficient hydraulic communication that allows for washing out of annular debris and placement of cement across both annuli and this was verified by a full system test of the charge.\u0000 Utilizing a ‘closed system’ (cup tool) perforate, wash and cement method enables constant communication between the isolated swab cups and the annulus behind the perforated casing during the process of washing. As a result of this specific methodology, the amount of annular obstruction is visibly confirmed from surface using standpipe pressure variations long before any debris is seen at surface. The reduction in standpipe pressure over subsequent washing pass is evidence that annular debris has been removed and this is visually confirmed by debris at surface.\u0000 Dual annuli washing introduces additional uncertainty regarding effectiveness of washing within the second annulus and the effectiveness of this has been verified by both Computational fluid dynamics analyses (CFD), and full scaled yard test.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Large volumes of debris consisting of approximately 30% formation cuttings / metal and 70% cement were observed at surface throughout the washing sequence.\u0000 Cement was efficiently placed using the ‘Pump and Pull’ method. Utilizing the ‘closed system’ benefit of the cup tool, fresh cement was placed across the entire perforated interval ensuring the highest chance of a successful cement bond.\u0000 Post-execution verification was performed on the cement plug and validation of successful placement of the plug was confirmed. Volumetric analysis verified the effective placement of cement into the 10-3/4\", 13-3/8\" and 18-5/8\" annuli.\u0000","PeriodicalId":437819,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Mon, December 03, 2018","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123062021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Converted Barge for Wellhead Platform Decommissioning","authors":"Den Yimtae, Manit Aimcharoenchaiyakul, Sarayut Uiyyasathian, Maythus Svasti-xuto, Chatawut Chanvanichskul","doi":"10.2118/193981-MS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/193981-MS","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper presents an alternative method for decommissioning offshore wellhead platform using converted flat top barge as decommissioning barge. The barge shall have capability to self-decommissioning topside and jacket and transportation to disposal premises. The key advantage for this propose new concept is to eliminate using of heavy derrick-crane vessel for all decommissioning activities, this can help to reduce cost for decommissioning in significant magnitude and also reduce marine hazards due to heavy lift handling. The barge will be installed with accommodation module, special tools and equipment such as mooring system, reverse float-over lifting with heave-compensation system & skidding appliances, jacket bottom lifting appliances and etc. in order to perform decommissioning activities under opensea environment with only minimal assist from marine support vessel. The decommissioning barge concept is designed to suit with various sizes of wellhead platform. Extensive engineering study has been performed in term of naval architect and structure engineering to proof feasibility of decommissioning barge concept and the existing platform located in Gulf of Thailand where is prone to Typhoon extreme sea condition. The study result shows that modify barge is feasible to perform decommissioning of various sized wellhead platforms. Applicable worldwide offshore and Southeast Asian fields, present many similar platforms where this innovative tools can be used to make an economy of scale in the removal operations. The feasibility study also include scope of explore opportunity to further improvement in term of flexible operation and cost saving. The following two options are performed the high level feasibility study and cost sensitivity with positive result outcomes. Option 1 -Decommissioning barge with self-propelled systemOption 2 -Decommissioning barge with self-propelled with control stationkeeping capabilities\u0000 In term of cost saving, sensitivity study to compare the cost with conventional method is perform. Based on decommissioning execution over an entire service life, the decommissioning barge can gain cost saving over 23%.","PeriodicalId":437819,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Mon, December 03, 2018","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126722844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Well Reclassification Guidelines: The Backbone for Optimised Well Management at Country Level in Malaysia","authors":"Ryan Guillory, Wan Abdul Aziz Wan Razali, R. Masoudi, Nur Asyikin Ahmad, Azaruddin Azral Hamid","doi":"10.2118/193940-MS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/193940-MS","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 As host authority for all hydrocarbon resources in Malaysia, post 2016 transformation, the Malaysian Oil and Gas Regulator (PETRONAS MPM) put in place enhanced guidelines for classifying wells to steer Petroleum Arrangement Contractors (PAC's) to align with PETRONAS MPM Total Well Management Key Performance Indicators (KPI's) and aspirations. The well classification guidelines are key inputs to facilitate improvement by PAC's in enhancement of flowing strings and management of idle wells. Additionally, well classification was used in conjunction with new idle well time-bound guidelines to drive abandonment on idle wells with no remaining economic potential. Subsequent to roll-out of PETRONAS MPM enhanced guidelines for classifying wells and the added focus on well management, positive changes were observed in active string percentage (52% to 57%) and idle well management (~5% improvement in effective idle well restoration). The number of abandonment certificates increased from 20 wells to nearly 300 wells since the issuance of the new guidelines, and these wells are being planned for future abandonment with cost-effective and optimized scheduling at a national level.","PeriodicalId":437819,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Mon, December 03, 2018","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127745017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overview of Decommissioning Option Assessment: A Case for Comparative Assessment","authors":"D. Palandro, Azivy Aziz","doi":"10.2118/193991-MS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/193991-MS","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The decommissioning of offshore assets has increased in recent years as platforms are reaching the end of their operating life. This trend exists for decommissioning in regulatory environments that are well established, as well as those that are stewarding decommissioning for the first time. Where regulatorily permissible, multiple decommissioning options currently exist for offshore structures. These options can be broadly bucketed into removal to shore, reefing and alternative uses. A multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) is often used to compare the options to determine the best possible outcome. The goal of this work was to assess the different MCDAs in order to promote a single, global methodology.\u0000 The first step was to list all existing MCDAs that have been used or promoted to be used for assessing decommissioning options globally. The MCDA models reviewed were: Comparative Assessment (CA), net environmental benefit analysis and best practical environmental option. After identification, each of the MCDA methods were analyzed to understand their process and their real-world applicability.\u0000 The results of this review process revealed that the UK Oil & Gas CA is a holistic, clearly defined process that is both rigid in scope and flexible in deployment manner. The CA includes five evaluation criteria: safety, environment, technical, societal and economic. These criteria are further categorized to sub-criteria that are relevant to the asset to be decommissioned, e.g., impacts to other users of the sea. The process is clearly defined and provides a transparent mechanism to engage stakeholders. Further, these criteria are well aligned with the International Maritime Organization's guidance and standards for the non-removal of offshore installations and structures.\u0000 This work includes the review of a case study that employed CA in the Gulf of Mexico where the outcome was the successful support for the decommissioning option of horizontal reefing in place.","PeriodicalId":437819,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Mon, December 03, 2018","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117006425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Permanent Caprock Abandonment P&A Assessment Incorporating Rock Mechanics Analysis: Petrophysics Perspective","authors":"J. Shah, S. Sutiyono, Nur Athirah Dahlan, Noor Faezah Ramly","doi":"10.2118/193950-MS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/193950-MS","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Well abandonment has been associated and considered since in the Field Development Plan stage. Worldwide, government and legislative authorities are having specific requirement and regulation in ensuring the oil and gas industry to seal and permanently take offline unproductive wells to prevent them from impacting the environment and safety. When all feasible opportunity is exhausted and no remaining economic potential is proven in a well or field, it will proceed to abandonment, saving money spent on well liability cost. In effort to reduce the P&A cost which has no financial return, operators and regulators strive to improve P&A method to increase efficiency without compromising safety.\u0000 The production of oil and gas, whether or not enhanced by the injection of water or gas, will cause a change of pressure, stress and temperature in the reservoir and its surrounding formations. Additionally, chemical characteristics of the injectant, may reactive gases for storage or production enhancement, may lead to changes in petrophysical, geomechanical and chemical properties of subsurface formations, faults and wells equipment. These changes may or may not have a detrimental effect on the containment of toxic or otherwise harmful fluids and gasses in the subsurface. The comprehensive P&A analysis and program is vital to ensure the security of well containment. Loss of containment may lead to potential loss of life, assets, environment and reputation.\u0000 This paper will discuss the analysis done by Petrophysicist in supporting the decision and design of well P&A design, either isolation at reservoir level or caprock level. After no remaining potential and shallow hydrocarbon is verified, the well will be conditioned for pressure analysis and caprock assessment, by formulating well dynamic strength parameters, namely Young modulus and UCS and establishing pressure column. The competent caprock at the proposed barrier depth will be assessed, benchmarked and inventoried for regional caprock understanding, taking account input from multidiscipline.\u0000 In addition to additional assessment on rock strength in well P&A design, this paper also recommend the multidiscipline future collaboration assessment technique for better regional caprock understanding. When possible, this method is able to provide feasible P&A design with some confidence level at the competency of the withholding caprock.","PeriodicalId":437819,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Mon, December 03, 2018","volume":"130 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123131578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Optimization for Cost-Effective Well Plug and Abandonment Techniques","authors":"A. E. Prasetya, Shanni Ardhana Herputra","doi":"10.2118/193987-MS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/193987-MS","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Well abandonment is an obligatory work in the Production Sharing Contract. In the midst of low oil prices, this work cannot be postponed to do, especially for wells that have potential hazards. The longer it postponed, the greater risk will be face. It needs to be done with the most efficient way.\u0000 Well abandonment of onshore-well in \"R\" Block of Central Sumatra Basin began in 2015. Reason for abandonment is varied from no more reservoir potential, mechanical problem, bad well integrity, missing part of wellhead, and vandalism. Since the initial start of the well abandonment work, the gold-plated effect appeared. The well abandoned in a very safe method, but not worth the risk.\u0000 Discuss the procedures of selecting the well under potential circumstances to be plugged. An adjustment made by optimize it to fit-to-purpose abandonment according to Indonesia national standard while complying with the feasibility and safety operation.\u0000 As a result, there is a decrease in average AFE cost during 2015 to 2017 by 29% which equal to US$8.5 million and still has decrease potential until the very fit-to-purpose method obtained. The average realization of AFE cost decrease from 48% to 34%.\u0000 This paper shows that there is always a chance for optimization even though abandonment work does not have any gain of production and ignoring it also poses safety and cost risks. To date, this optimization has saved US$2 million.","PeriodicalId":437819,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Mon, December 03, 2018","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116232680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Well Integrity, Plugging and Abandonment: Abrasive Cutting Applications for Well Severance","authors":"David Anderson","doi":"10.2118/193958-MS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/193958-MS","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Upon cessation of production the cost of well abandonment is absorbed as a liability within the oil and gas industry under increasing financial pressure in the current climate. One of the key opportunities when undertaking a well abandonment campaign is identifying new and innovative technology available and adopting it to reduce operating time, project risk and ultimately cost. The final phase of the plugging and abandonment (P&A) is the well severance and conductor removal operation that is traditionally performed using mechanical knives for rig-based campaigns. This involves operating online, deploying on drill pipe and multiple deployments into the well to cut and recover the multi-string casing.\u0000 An alternative approach to the traditional mechanical cutting method is the use of water-abrasive cutting technology that uses a high-pressure water and abrasive mixture to sever through the well's multiple casings and conductor below mudline. Abrasive Water Jet (AWJ) cutting technology is used to cut through multi-string casing and conductors from 7″ to 36″ in a single deployment, regardless of the number of casing strings, casing weight or cement presence in the well annuli. The cutting time is between five and eight hours depending on well construction.\u0000 The water-abrasive cutting technology can be utilised during rig-based P&A campaigns where the cutting tool can be deployed offline using a standalone deployment system to sever the well below the sea-bed whilst online operations continue with the rig and well services teams, hence providing P&A SIMOPS. By operating offline, the overall rig time per platform is reduced.\u0000 The water-abrasive cutting tool also provides the solution for the removal of subsea tie-back and dual bore wells which can't routinely be cut with mechanical knives due to the knives range limitations and the risk of getting ‘stuck in hole’ and the subsequent recovery operation. The non-intrusive water-abrasive method not only provides a solution to the problematic subsea tieback wells and dual bore wells but also removes the cutting operation from the critical path of the rig.\u0000 Similarly, the water-abrasive cutting technology can be operated from a vessel or barge rather than the rig. This allows the well severance and removal phase of the P&A process to be removed from the rig's scope and the high cost asset to be off-hired as early as possible. This approach is applicable for surface wells and subsea wells alike and also allows the asset owner to combine the well severance with the platform removal phase.","PeriodicalId":437819,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Mon, December 03, 2018","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114169265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Practice of Sustained Casing Pressure Removal for JZ Gasfield Production Well Plug and Abandonment in Bohai Bay","authors":"Xiaogang Li, Chao Wang, Yunhai Wang, Fuming Li, Hongfei Xu","doi":"10.2118/193944-MS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/193944-MS","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 There are three wells with poor well integrity and high sustained annulus pressure(SAP) in JZ Gasfield. In order to remove the sustained pressure, remediate the poor well integrity and abandon wells in compliance with national regulations, plans, methods and practice taken were discussed in this paper. The occurrence reasons and source of pressure were identified first. And the different remediation and treating programs were made according to evaluation of the popular and good practice around the world. The best killing and cementing method were taken. Casing strings recovered by section mill and bullhead cementing process were chosen as one of the effective plans to solve problems like this.\u0000 These three wells with sustained casing pressure were abandoned successfully and effectively. The most complicated well was dicussed in detail. Well abandonment plans for gasfield were made in detail. Abrasive waterjet cutting system were utilized first time. Lessons gained in the well plug and abandonment execution phase can be applied in other regions, especially in Asia Pacific.\u0000 A series of practice taken to handle SAP were described in this paper for the first gasfield abandonment and decommission project in China. These experiences shared both in China and other regions around the world, this could offer some help for others to handle situations like this.","PeriodicalId":437819,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Mon, December 03, 2018","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131681650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Well Decommissioning Campaign in Block SK305, Sarawak, Malaysia 7 Production Wells and 9 Suspended Subsea Mud Line Suspension Exploration Wells","authors":"M. H. Yusof, M. I. M. Ros, Mohammad Annas Omar","doi":"10.2118/194054-MS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2118/194054-MS","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper will discuss the Case study of well decommissioning campaign in block SK 305, Sarawak, Malaysia which had completed in October 2017. All the seven (7) production wells from 2 platforms and nine (9) suspended subsea (with mudline suspension system, MLS) exploration wells have been successfully abandoned, safely and with very optimum cost.\u0000 Many challenges were encountered during planning and execution of the well decommissioning campaign (i.e. well integrity - leaking well, high annulus pressure, facilities integrity and complexity, shallow gas, pipelines and old rig footprint issues, handling tubulars with marine growth, grout cement - dual cemented casing, buried well, etc), and the main challenges as a company is to execute the operation safely with optimum cost, whilst ensuring safe barrier being installed for long term well isolation.\u0000 This paper will present: Well Decommissioning Planning, Preparation and Execution at Block SK 305 (Production and suspended Exploration Wells)Major Challenges and Lesson LearntOptimization, Technologies, and Best PracticesCAPROCK P&A Method Application\u0000 This paper sharing session will help other operators to understand better on how well decommissioning can be planned and executed, as well as improvement that can be performed in the future.","PeriodicalId":437819,"journal":{"name":"Day 1 Mon, December 03, 2018","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124324143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}