The Social Policy Journal最新文献

{"title":"Silver Bullets and Quick Fixes","authors":"S. Smith","doi":"10.1300/J185v01n02_02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J185v01n02_02","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Important lessons in policy implementation are available to welfare reformers who closely examine the case of the child welfare sys tem. Similarities exist between the Personal Responsibility and Work Op portunity Act of 1996 and the Adoption Assistance and Child Welfare Act of 1980. While substantively the two pieces are very different, current wel fare reform efforts are likely to repeat mistakes made by those implement ing child welfare system reforms in the 1980s and 1990s. Four factors threaten the success of reforms: The vagueness of language; the search for one single solution for all families; insistence on defining the complexity of family problems in extremely narrow terms; and the excessive bureaucrati- zation of service delivery. Policymakers are cautioned to look toward re cent innovations in child welfare for guidance instead of inadvertently repeating missteps.","PeriodicalId":437502,"journal":{"name":"The Social Policy Journal","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130981919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Empowerment Practice in Canada and the United States","authors":"M. Breton","doi":"10.1300/J185v01n01_03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J185v01n01_03","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article discusses the legacy of colonialism and racism in Canada and the United States. It shows how this legacy, combined with a market-oriented philosophy to social and economic issues and policies, has resulted in major, persistent social problems in both countries. It goes on to argue that an empowerment-oriented approach, by restoring policy issues, and therefore social justice issues, to the core of social work, can help the profession address these problems more efficiently. The article concludes by examining three particular challenges related to empowerment-oriented practice: creating partnerships; working with and in communities, and finding optimal ways of integrating all levels of social work practice.","PeriodicalId":437502,"journal":{"name":"The Social Policy Journal","volume":"143 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124562201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"INTERNET RESOURCES","authors":"Ajay Sharma, H. Cockerill","doi":"10.1300/j185v01n01_10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/j185v01n01_10","url":null,"abstract":"Language, whether it be written, spoken, or signed, is what defines us as human beings. Intellectual activity, cognition, and all the products that flow from such are indeed based on the unique ability of homo sapiens sapiens to acquire and use a native language. Put another way, the essence of human intel­ lectual and cultural heritage is made possible through the core medium of human language expressed through other media such as pa­ per, audiovisual recordings, microform, and digital media, through which instrumenta­ tion knowledge, information, and culture is passed along and perpetuated both globally in real time and across the generations to time infi nitum. In this sense, linguistics, the discipline dealing with language, is widely considered to be a meta­discipline. Globalization and the advancement of Web technologies have foregrounded mul­ tilingual, multicultural, and multidisciplinary contexts and disciplines. These global and Web contexts place a high demand on lan­ guage­related resources. This article aims at introducing and reviewing language­related Internet sites covering computational linguis­ tics, which is closely interconnected with library and information science, computer science, and engineering, as well as linguis­ tics per se, which itself is interconnected with various disciplines. These sites encompass language data covering field notes, lexical resources, written and spoken corpora, and language fonts and software, together with second­language learning resources, linguist­ mediated digitization activities for preserving endangered human cultures and languages, e­books and e­journals, and more. Meta-sites • The ACL NLP/CL Universe. Hosted by the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), this site has been devoted to natural language processing and computational linguistics since 1995. It is a comprehensive listing covering introductory materials on computational linguistics, various resources (bibliography, journals, papers, dictionaries, corpora, and natural language tools), software encompassing knowledge representation and information retrieval, subject­specifi c re­ sources such as speech processing, discourse, semantics, machine translation, and natural language understanding. It also includes list­ ings of academic departments, organizations, conferences, and research labs. The “Browse the Universe” interface allows users to navigate the site to interdisciplinary domains on language, computation, cognition, and information. Access: http://tangra.si.umich. edu/clair/universe­rk/html/u/db/acl/. • Ethnologue. Hosted by SIL Interna­ tional, this site is a veritable guide to the world’s approximately 6,500 languages and cultures, providing a bounty of sociolin­ guistic and demographic data in addition to linguistic information. Special attention is given to lesser­known and studied languages. This site is one of the most comprehensive sites of language resources available, owing","PeriodicalId":437502,"journal":{"name":"The Social Policy Journal","volume":"458 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129896277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influencing “State” Policy","authors":"R. Schneider","doi":"10.1300/J185V01N01_08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J185V01N01_08","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":437502,"journal":{"name":"The Social Policy Journal","volume":"99 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114011580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social Capital and Community Supportsfor Low Income Families","authors":"J. Schneider","doi":"10.1300/J185v01n01_04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J185v01n01_04","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Personal Responsibility, Work Opportunity and Medicaid Restructuring Act of 1996 changed welfare dramatically. This article explores the concept of social capital, illustrating how social and cultural capital are important factors that make the difference between persistent and temporary poverty. Through research in Wisconsin and Philadelphia, this article shows that social capital provides both barrier and bridge to families trying to survive in a changed policy context. However, just as programs focusing exclusively on work experience, developing human capital, or providing additional income fail to produce results for everyone on public assistance, programs concentrating exclusively on social or cultural capital are also doomed to failure.","PeriodicalId":437502,"journal":{"name":"The Social Policy Journal","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128107959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prison Parenting Programs","authors":"M. J. Hughes, Jenée Harrison-Thompson","doi":"10.1300/J185v01n01_05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J185v01n01_05","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Estimates indicate that parents make up a large segment of the prison population in the United States. Parental incarceration affects the whole family. For children of incarcerated parents, separation is painful and can be detrimental to their development. Effective parenting programs in prisons can be beneficial to the incarcerated parents, their children, and society. This study surveyed 745 state prisons to gather data on their parent populations and their prison parenting programs. Findings indicate significant differences by gender of prisons and program structures.","PeriodicalId":437502,"journal":{"name":"The Social Policy Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124656724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Welfare Reform on American Indian Reservations","authors":"S. Pandey, Eddie F. Brown, L. Scheuler-Whitaker, Shannon Collier-Tenison","doi":"10.1300/J185V01N01_06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J185V01N01_06","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this article we document trends in welfare caseloads and some initial experiences of service providers and welfare recipients on reservations within Arizona under Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF). We document the issues and concerns of state and tribal service providers as they implement the legislation on reservations that are often geographically isolated and which lack infrastructure, jobs, childcare and transportation. We also record experiences of women with children on reservations with the 1996 federal welfare legislation. These families experience similar barriers when trying to move from welfare to work as do their counterparts across the country; however, these barriers are magnified on reservations. The welfare recipients' barriers include: a shortage of employment opportunities on reservations; a lack of transportation and childcare facilities; low levels of education and job experience; and, individual and family problems. Poor families in Indian communities face additional barriers to employment because of their geographic isolation, lack of access to basic necessities (like telephones), as well as stereotypes and discrimination by employers due to ethnicity or personal/family histories.","PeriodicalId":437502,"journal":{"name":"The Social Policy Journal","volume":"187 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134257781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Vision in the Making","authors":"","doi":"10.1300/j185v01n01_01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/j185v01n01_01","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":437502,"journal":{"name":"The Social Policy Journal","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132924810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Political Advocacy in the 1980s","authors":"R. Hoefer","doi":"10.1300/J185v01n01_07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J185v01n01_07","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Government support for human services programs de creased considerably during the 1980s while defense spending rose dras tically. The shift in spending priorities is thought by some to be due to insufficiently active or incapable social welfare lobbyists. This paper ar gues that human services advocacy groups were as active as supporters of defense programs. Human services advocates were shut out of the de cision-making process primarily due to the lack of public support for their ideas. The implication, that social welfare advocates must build a solid base of public support for their proposals, can be applied to current issues.","PeriodicalId":437502,"journal":{"name":"The Social Policy Journal","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122835327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Empowering Domestic Discretionary Spending in Federal Budget Deliberations","authors":"B. Jansson, S. Dodd, S. Smith","doi":"10.1300/J185v01n01_02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1300/J185v01n01_02","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Federal domestic discretionary spending (DDS) funds a large portion of human services in the American welfare state including mental health, child welfare, childcare, public health, job training, and education programs. Yet relatively little research has been conducted on this small but important part of the federal budget. This article examines a number of factors that have limited the size of DDS and that may imperil its existence in coming decades. The article suggests that policy theorists and researchers need to devote more attention to DDS and that policy advocates need to develop effective strategies for protecting DDS from unwarranted assaults in the budget-making process.","PeriodicalId":437502,"journal":{"name":"The Social Policy Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133441909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}