IF 0.3 3区社会学

Oriens Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.1163/18778372-12340003

Damien Janos

{"title":"Avicenna on Equivocity and Modulation: A Reconsideration of the asmāʾ mushakkika (and tashkīk al-wujūd)","authors":"Damien Janos","doi":"10.1163/18778372-12340003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18778372-12340003","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This study investigates Avicenna’s conception of philosophical terminology through an analysis of the relation between equivocity (ishtirāk) and modulation (tashkīk) and by drawing evidence from a broad array of logical, physical, and metaphysical texts. In so doing, it also re-examines the notion of the modulation of existence (tashkīk al-wujūd). Although the intrinsic definitional ambiguity of tashkīk makes it possible to approach it alternatively through the lens of univocity and equivocity, there are strong textual and philosophical reasons to believe that Avicenna preferred to regard tashkīk as a kind of moderate equivocity, as opposed to both univocity and a kind of pure or absolute equivocity. As a corollary, it is preferable to construe tashkīk al-wujūd as a “modulated equivocity of being” rather than as a “modulated univocity of being.” On the one hand, this underscores the continuity with Aristotle’s theory of pros hen predication and its late-antique Greek and early Arabic reception, which Avicenna, as heir to a long commentatorial tradition, reinterprets in his own way. On the other hand, the reading of the asmāʾ mushakkika and tashkīk al-wujūd proposed here may explain some of the origins of the ontological debates on the construal of existence that developed from the post-classical reception of Avicenna’s works.","PeriodicalId":43744,"journal":{"name":"Oriens","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47274640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Two Fourteenth-Century Islamic Philosophers 两位14世纪的伊斯兰哲学家

IF 0.3 3区社会学

Oriens Pub Date : 2020-06-10 DOI: 10.1163/18778372-20200001

K. El-Rouayheb

引用次数: 0

Ṣadrā’s Use of Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī’s al-Mabāḥith al-mashriqiyya in the Asfār Ṣadrā对Fakhr al- d<e:1>的使用al-Rāzī的al-Mabāḥith al-mashriqiyya在Asfār

IF 0.3 3区社会学

Oriens Pub Date : 2020-06-08 DOI: 10.1163/18778372-04801007

Cécile Bonmariage

引用次数: 0

An Avicennian Engagement with and Appropriation of Mullā Ṣadrā Šīrāzī (d. 1045/1636) 阿维森纳对Mullā Ṣadrā Šīrāzī的参与和挪用(1045/1636年)

IF 0.3 3区社会学

Oriens Pub Date : 2020-06-08 DOI: 10.1163/18778372-04801008

Sajjad H. Rizvi

引用次数: 0

Introduction 介绍

IF 0.3 3区社会学

Oriens Pub Date : 2020-06-08 DOI: 10.1163/18778372-04801001

J. Kaukua

引用次数: 0

Mereology in Kalām 卡拉姆的Mereology

IF 0.3 3区社会学

Oriens Pub Date : 2020-06-08 DOI: 10.1163/18778372-04801002

A. Shihadeh

引用次数: 0

“From the One, Only One Proceeds” “从一而来，只有一”

IF 0.3 3区社会学

Oriens Pub Date : 2020-06-08 DOI: 10.1163/18778372-04801005

W. Amin

引用次数: 3

Beyond Atoms and Accidents 超越原子与意外

IF 0.3 3区社会学

Oriens Pub Date : 2020-06-08 DOI: 10.1163/18778372-04801004

B. Ibrahim

{"title":"Beyond Atoms and Accidents","authors":"B. Ibrahim","doi":"10.1163/18778372-04801004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18778372-04801004","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article explores a novel approach to the analysis of the external world in postclassical Ashʿarite kalām. While discussions of physical reality and its fundamental constituents in the classical period of Islamic thought turned chiefly on the opposing views of kalām atomism and Aristotelian hylomorphism, in the postclassical period kalām thinkers in the Ashʿarite tradition forge a new frame of inquiry. Beginning most earnestly with the philosophical works of Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī, a critical approach is developed addressing received views in ontology, including the relation of substance to accident, the status of Aristotelian form and matter, and part-to-whole relations. Drawing on Rāzī’s al-Mulakhkhaṣ and al-Mabāḥith, kalām thinkers develop several concepts to distinguish arbitrary or mind-dependent (iʿtibārī) composites (‘man-plus-stone’) from non-arbitrary composites (e.g., tree, paste, and house). Most notably, they adopt a substance-plus-accident ontology in opposition to the Aristotelian hylomorphism of falsafa. The mutakallimūn will conceive of composites as possessing ‘real unity’ (ḥaqīqa muttaḥida) while dispensing with the explanatory and causal role of Aristotelian substantial forms.","PeriodicalId":43744,"journal":{"name":"Oriens","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/18778372-04801004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46872749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Cytotoxicity of Cichorium intybus L. metabolites (Review). Cichorium intybus L. 代谢物的细胞毒性（综述）。

IF 4.2 3区社会学

Oriens Pub Date : 2019-12-01 Epub Date: 2019-09-24 DOI: 10.3892/or.2019.7336

Khandaker Md Sharif Uddin Imam, Yingying Xie, Yusi Liu, Fengzhong Wang, Fengjiao Xin

{"title":"Cytotoxicity of Cichorium intybus L. metabolites (Review).","authors":"Khandaker Md Sharif Uddin Imam, Yingying Xie, Yusi Liu, Fengzhong Wang, Fengjiao Xin","doi":"10.3892/or.2019.7336","DOIUrl":"10.3892/or.2019.7336","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cichorium intybus L. (Chicory) is a widely distributed, edible, perennial, herbaceous member of the Asteraceae family. Besides its use in modern Chinese herbal medicine, its ethnomedicinal use is evident in the text from ancient Greece, Egypt and China. It is also used as a food and coffee substitute, which is mainly responsible for its extensive domestication. In recent decades, cytotoxic studies of C. intybus extracts have shown its antitumor potential. These studies also identified metabolite constituents including guaianolides, 6‑methoxyflavone, eudesmanolides, germacranolides, polyacetylene, sterol, anthocyanin, delphinidin, 3,4‑dihydroxyphenethyl and other novel compounds. Many of these phytometabolites have shown positive cytotoxic activities in vitro, and antitumor action in vivo and in clinical trials, demonstrating the potential of C. intybus metabolites as antitumor drugs. Structural activity relationship studies have further confirmed these bioactivities. In this review, we focused on the phytochemicals of C. intybus with reported cytotoxicity and potential antitumor properties. We also discuss their specificity towards tumor cells, structural activity relationship, the involved signaling pathways and molecular mechanism, with the expectation of the future development of efficient and targeted antitumor therapeutic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":43744,"journal":{"name":"Oriens","volume":"1 1","pages":"2196-2212"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73788095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12

Dashtakī (d. 1498) and Dawānī (d. 1502) on the Analysis of Existential Propositions (d. 1498)和Dawānī (d. 1502)关于存在命题的分析

IF 0.3 3区社会学

Oriens Pub Date : 2019-11-01 DOI: 10.1163/18778372-04800300

K. El-Rouayheb

{"title":"Dashtakī (d. 1498) and Dawānī (d. 1502) on the Analysis of Existential Propositions","authors":"K. El-Rouayheb","doi":"10.1163/18778372-04800300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18778372-04800300","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The present article is a reconstruction of a logical dispute concerning the analysis of existential propositions between the two rivals from Shiraz, Jalāl al-Dīn al-Dawānī (d. 1502) and Ṣadr al-Dīn al-Dashtakī (d. 1498), a dispute that continued to echo down to the nineteenth century, especially in Iran and the Indian subcontinent. The controversy was elicited by a passage from a discussion in the commentary by Qūshjī (d. 1474) on Ṭūsī’s Tajrīd in which Qūshjī had briefly suggested that perhaps the predicates “existent” (mawjūd) and “nonexistent” (maʿdūm) are unusual in not needing a copula to link them to the subject. Dashtakī thought that a copula is needed in both existential and non-existential predications, but that in existential predications the copula is simply the union of subject and predicate, whereas in non-existential predications there is an additional copula that signifies the existence or nonexistence of the predicate for the subject. Dawānī’s position was that existential and non-existential predications are exactly on a par and should both be analyzed into subject, copula and predicate.","PeriodicalId":43744,"journal":{"name":"Oriens","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/18778372-04800300","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48018952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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