Rossiiskaya Istoriya最新文献

{"title":"The Sais Inscription. Translation and Commentary","authors":"Mikhail Apenko","doi":"10.18254/s207987840024924-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840024924-5","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents a Russian translation of an important epigraphic evidence of the Hellenistic Egypt, the so-called Sais Inscription. The Sais Inscription was compiled in the Late Middle Egyptian language during the reign of Ptolemy II Philadelphus (285—246 BCE) in late 260s but was later transported to Rome. Only three fragments of an inscription exist to this date: A). Codex Ursinianus, fol. 6 ro — redrawing of a part of the inscription made in 16th century, B). a fragment of a stela at the National Archaeological Museum of Naples (No. 1034) and C). a large fragment of a stela at the Musée du Louvre (No C 123). The available fragments make it possible to reconstruct the first eleven columns of the text which was probably longer. These fragments allowed Chr. Thiers to publish the reconstructed inscription in 2001. The present publication is largely based on this reconstruction and aims to clarify some disputed passages of the text and to provide its new commentary. It is necessary to note the importance of the text for the researchers of Hellenistic Egypt. It provides the information on the nature and the peculiarities of interaction between Ptolemy II Philadelphus and the Egyptian elite. The text describes the gathering of its members at Sais organized by the king in order to bring the statue of Arsinoe II to Sais. According to a number of researchers, this might be an early case or a prototype of a synod, a special gathering of the Egyptian priesthood intended to discuss and to decide important issues in the development of the Ptolemaic dynastic cult.","PeriodicalId":43742,"journal":{"name":"Rossiiskaya Istoriya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78632408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Between Past and Future”: Discussions on Politics of Memory in Russia and Belarus","authors":"O. Vorobieva","doi":"10.18254/s207987840024169-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840024169-4","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents a comparative analysis of the politics of memory in Belarus and Russia. The main periods of its transformation in 1990—2010s are specified. The question about the strategy of interaction between the main actors of memory policy is posed. The perspectives of memory studies development, related to the question about the future, which is very rarely raised in modern studies, although it is fundamental for all actors, are outlined. Another important gap in contemporary memory studies seems to be the question of practices of commemoration, which form not only national and local communities, but also decentralized affective relations of a new type. The authors advocate the thesis that the key role in contemporary Russian and Belarusian memory politics is played by the restriction of presentistic subordination of past and future to pragmatic interests of the present.","PeriodicalId":43742,"journal":{"name":"Rossiiskaya Istoriya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76920888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"About “Ivans of Oblivious Origin”: One of the Strategies of Social Mobility in Eighteenth-Century Russia","authors":"A. Gornostaev","doi":"10.18254/s207987840025055-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840025055-9","url":null,"abstract":"In the Russian legal system, the phenomenon of persons of oblivious origin emerged in the early eighteenth century. During population censuses, enumerators discovered a number of people, unaware of their parents and places of domicile, who subsequently did not belong to any social stratum. Despite its realization that many persons of oblivious origin were in fact runaway peasants and deserters, the government decided to use them to increase its population in different parts of the country instead of returning them to their official localities. At the same time, some runaways independently managed to be added to the census rolls in towns and villages, thereby changing their social status. As a result, the examination of the issue of people of oblivious origin as one of the strategies of deception improves our understanding of adaptation tools and everyday practices, employed by the inhabitants of the Russian Empire.","PeriodicalId":43742,"journal":{"name":"Rossiiskaya Istoriya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81025495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organization of Customs Procedures in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the Second Half of the 18th Century","authors":"Irina Kiturko","doi":"10.18254/s207987840024168-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840024168-3","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes the process of developing and improving the customs procedure in the second half of the 18th century in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The author notes that during this period the customs service of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the framework of the general reform of the state apparatus was built on the principles of bureaucracy and became one of the most perfect state structures, a special institute in the system of the executive power. This contributed to the improvement, expansion and development of customs documentation and the entire customs administration in the GDL. The article describes different types of customs documents, highlights the process of their unification through the introduction of common rules for registering customs procedures in the second half of the 18th century. It also emphasizes the importance of customs documents as a source for studying the economic history of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.","PeriodicalId":43742,"journal":{"name":"Rossiiskaya Istoriya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85357408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Political Mythology in the Work of Valerius Maximus","authors":"A. Smorchkov","doi":"10.18254/s207987840024673-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840024673-9","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the ideas about the republic in the work of the Roman author Valerius Maximus, who lived at the beginning of the principate. The most revealing elements of the republican structure are taken for analysis: the People's Assembly, the Senate, the Tribunes of the Plebs, freedom, the enemies of freedom, as well as the image of Cato the Younger as the embodiment of the moral spirit of the republic. Valerius's narrative is dominated by outstanding personalities and the Senate, which fully corresponds to the current political situation. Such attention to the individual reflects a certain departure from polis collectivism. \"Freedom\" is perceived by Valerius undoubtedly as the antipode of the sole power, although the special position of the princeps in the new political system was also realized by our author. However, the contradiction here is only external, since already under Augustus an understanding of freedom as “security” (securitas) was formed, which linked freedom with authoritarian power. The views of Valerius Maximus basically correspond to the optimate’ worldview, i.e. the res publica of the past for him is primarily associated with the leadership of the Senate. But this optimate’ view reflects the opposition of the “best citizens” not only to the unreasonable people, but also to the claims of an outstanding personality to sole rule. In this respect, this “program” has come into clear contradiction with the new political situation, changing and adapting as the monarchical principle strengthens. The transformation of optimate’ views is shown by the example of an ardent supporter of the republic Cato the Younger, whose image in Valerius Maximus’ work reflects the transformation of past events into textbook examples outside the historical context.","PeriodicalId":43742,"journal":{"name":"Rossiiskaya Istoriya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86873013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Everyday Leisure of the Dmitrov’ Town Merchant I. A. Tolchenov","authors":"V. Lyubkov","doi":"10.18254/s207987840025172-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840025172-8","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyzes the leisure preferences of the Dmitrov merchant I. A. Tolchenov on the basis of his autobiographical text “Journal or note of the life and adventures” of I. A. Tolchenov. As a result of the study, it was revealed how different life practices changed or still prevail during the course of the Dmitrov merchant, based on his family, financial and social status, as well as changes and continuity of leisure practices at different age levels of I. A. Tolchenov. It was demonstrated that the representatives of the wealthy merchants of the second half of the 18th century had no less opportunities for leisure than the nobles.","PeriodicalId":43742,"journal":{"name":"Rossiiskaya Istoriya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85107146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Homo Barbaricus in the “Imaginary Frontier” between Barbarity and Civilization","authors":"V. Budanova","doi":"10.18254/s207987840024226-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840024226-7","url":null,"abstract":"The article considers the peculiarities of the ethno-social model of human behavior in the historical context of transition from one state to another. Based on the Greek and Roman and early medieval narrative tradition, the frontier is interpreted as a mental phenomenon, as a boundary of the exit from the state of barbarism. It is shown how homo barbaricus, being in a borderline situation, in frontier conditions, marks the limit of barbarism and the beginning of civilization. It is noted that the barbaric existence of man is in the state between paradoxical and contradictory. The article presents the dynamics of transformation of barbaric “frontier status” of Alarich and Stilicho in their struggle for recognition and claim to significance in the civilized Greek and Roman Mediterranean world.","PeriodicalId":43742,"journal":{"name":"Rossiiskaya Istoriya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77242108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visual Narrative and Ktisissagen: New Mosaics on the Foundation of Two Seleukid Cities","authors":"S. Smirnov","doi":"10.18254/s207987840024676-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840024676-2","url":null,"abstract":"The paper analyses two foundation myths of Antioch on the Orontes and Apamea in Syria in context of both: the late roman literature and recently discovered mosaics. Comparative study of John Malalas and Libanius accounts with the mosaics reveals a strong typological and structure affinity of the literary and visual narratives, at the same time stressing a significant difference in details. Such differences may be result of the co-existence of various versions of the foundation legends, which were influenced by local folklore tradition, as well as official state ideology.","PeriodicalId":43742,"journal":{"name":"Rossiiskaya Istoriya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72391367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Mission of Serving the Homeland”: Review of the Monograph “At the Crossroads of Times and Destinies”","authors":"T. Ivanova","doi":"10.18254/s207987840024420-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840024420-1","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes a new monograph about Moscow Pedagogical State University, which celebrated its 150th anniversary in 2022. The authors state the uniqueness of this university, which initiated higher education for women in Russia, became the first pedagogical university in the USSR, the flagship of pedagogical science development and alma mater for prominent representatives of national science and culture. The creative goal set by the team of authors in the book is to compose a collective biography of the University as a social institution and as a living academic community, examining its history at several levels (sociopolitical, discursive, institutional, material, sociocultural and spatial) has been quite successfully realized. The fundamentality of the analyzed sources and literature, the thoroughness of the chronologically problematic method of presentation, the multilateral coverage of the history of the university make it possible to refer the new monograph to the best examples of university studies in our country.","PeriodicalId":43742,"journal":{"name":"Rossiiskaya Istoriya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84458945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Italian Bankers in France and Italian Wars","authors":"P. Uvarov","doi":"10.18254/s207987840023946-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840023946-9","url":null,"abstract":"At the last stage of the Italian Wars (1494—1559), the military, political and, most importantly, financial superiority of the Habsburgs over the Valois became quite obvious. The Spanish king could make use of silver which was already coming quite regularly and in large quantities from the mines of the New World. He controlled the old (Augsburg — Ulm) and new (Besançon — Piacenza) centres of banking capital, as well as the commercial and financial heart of the emerging world economic system — Antwerp. But King Henry II of France (1547—1559) launched a series of daring reforms, sometimes far ahead of his time. The king could rely on a more developed bureaucracy than in other countries, on a state system that had reached an advanced level of centralization, and on the economy that was still on the rise, the ‘heart’ of which were the Lyon fairs that acquired international significance. In order to continue an active foreign policy, an unprecedented step was taken — not a royal official, but a Lyon banker of Italian origin, Albizzi Del Bene (Albisse Delbeyne), was appointed to the post of surintendent des finances. Thus, the government was able to use the experience and capability of the banking world for its own purposes. Under the conditions of the war, which was fought at a great distance from the borders of the kingdom, the circulation of money was greatly simplified and became more predictable. The surintendent, closely associated with the most powerful trading and banking house Gadagni (Gadagne) of Lyon, had great weight among Italian bankers who operated not only in Lyon, but also in Venice, Rome, and Tuscany. The reformers’ plans and the progress of reform can be fully appreciated by studying documents from the Lamoignon Collection (Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts, Moscow). Providing fairly clear guarantees based on the income from the Lyon fairs, the king, with the help of his surintendent and people from his entourage who were responsible for financing French policy in Italy (Constable Anne de Montmorency, royal secretary Jean Duthier), managed to attract huge sums (about 12 million Tours livres) which made it possible to resist a powerful enemy. A flexible combination of bills of exchange, clearing and other mechanisms allowed to transfer this amount of money to Italy. The crowning success of Del Bene was the creation of the Grand Parti de Lyon — a consortium of creditors to the French king. Some researchers claimed that its principles were quite comparable to the achievements of the 19th-century banking system. If there had been peace, the Grand Parti de Lyon could well have contributed to the repayment of the principal amount of borrowings and the dissolution of the accumulated interest debt. But politics had once again interfered with the economy. A new war, in which France was drawn against the will of the royal entourage, a chain of military defeats (the capture of Montmorency, the main patron of Del Bene, in 1557) and, finally,","PeriodicalId":43742,"journal":{"name":"Rossiiskaya Istoriya","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80203166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}