Reviews in Anthropology最新文献

{"title":"Sociopolitics","authors":"Nikolai Ssorin‐Chaikov","doi":"10.1080/00938157.2015.1001645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00938157.2015.1001645","url":null,"abstract":"Sociopolitics refer to ways in which politics and relations of power are constituted through an authoritative discourse on the social. This concept echoes Foucault's biopolitics. “Society” and the “social” are devices, as well as categorical foundations, for the political. As with “bio” in biopolitics, “socio” gives a particular form to power that it articulates and constitutes. This review essay uses this concept to discuss recent work of James Scott and David Graeber, and the English-language translation of a 1980 collection of essays by Pierre Clastres. I argue that this anarchist anthropology articulates a clear break within anarchist theory. This break is in the ways the social and the political are related as means and ends in ethnography and in conceptualization of anarchist practice.","PeriodicalId":43734,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Anthropology","volume":"44 1","pages":"27 - 5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2015-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00938157.2015.1001645","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59027538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theorizing the City: Recent Research in Urban Anthropology","authors":"Ruth E. Toulson","doi":"10.1080/00938157.2015.1001646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00938157.2015.1001646","url":null,"abstract":"Half of the world's population now lives in cities. This number is expected to grow to two-thirds in the next fifty years. And yet, it is only recently that anthropologists have begun to take urban contexts seriously as fieldwork sites. In this article, I analyze three recent volumes on urban anthropology which each propose a distinctive theoretical and methodological approach to the study of the city. I suggest that there is a fine line to be drawn between urban determinism—the suggestion that the city is the pivotal force in shaping individual lives, a perspective that ignores both human agencies and the complexities of causality—and anthropology which relegates the city to mere context, ethnographies that, almost by chance take place in urban contexts but say little about the realities of city life. The texts examined share two features in common: firstly, they are most effective when they, through close ethnographic or archival engagement, show the complexity and variation in urban contexts; and secondly, each text displays an absolute commitment to ethnographic fieldwork as a powerful tool to understand the lived experience of the urban. As a commitment to long-term participant observation is the sine qua non of our discipline, my central question is whether “urban anthropology,” is not just anthropology after all?","PeriodicalId":43734,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Anthropology","volume":"44 1","pages":"28 - 42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2015-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00938157.2015.1001646","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59027584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editor's Introduction","authors":"M. Harkin","doi":"10.1080/00938157.2015.1001647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00938157.2015.1001647","url":null,"abstract":"I was surprised to open the December 14, 2014, ‘‘Sunday Review’’ section of the New York Times—that arbiter of wisdom both conventional and confortable—and see a column by Mark Bittman on the intersectionality of various radical and reform movements in the United States today. Granted, this was an attempt to link his own pet project, food reform, to the seemingly more urgent issues of the day, but, still, I think he was on the whole correct. We live in a time when politics is anything but conventional, and the massive protest movements of the past months—the boycotts of Wal-Mart and fast food restaurants, the fight for a living wage, and the protests against police violence—are all linked. Indeed, for many young minority people, low-wage work and the threat of police brutality are intertwined aspects of their everyday lived experience. It is clear to me that this is a movement of potentially revolutionary change on many fronts, in the realm both of ‘‘hard’’ politics and ‘‘soft’’ politics, both increasing the minimum wage and accepting marriage equality. If this is a radical moment, it is less clear to me that it is an anarchistic one. The great issues of the day, such as combating income inequality and climate change, and fighting for civil rights for gay people, are in fact seeking greater state regulation over private businesses, energy producers and consumers, local and state governments, and private organizations such as religious groups. Rather, the current movements seem a part of the broad, free-flowing stream of American progressivism, in each case petitioning the federal government for greater protection of civil rights and greater equality before the law and in the marketplace. Nevertheless, anarchism does characterize some aspects of some of these radical movements. That is most obviously the case among the far right in the United States—the idea of an armed populace challenging government diktat is not far from Clastres’ idea of the threat of violence as impediment to the creation of political order. To be fair, elements of anarchism have also been present in movements of the left—in Germany’s Pirate Party, for instance, as well as among the leadership of the Occupy Wall Street movement, most notably the anthropologist David Graeber himself. Beyond that, we all have experienced an anarchistic turn, to adopt the anthropologist’s preferred means of describing paradigmatic change. Thus, the rise of social media networks has provided a technology that exactly mirrors the Reviews in Anthropology, 44:1–4, 2015 Copyright # Taylor & Francis Group, LLC ISSN: 0093-8157 print=1556-3014 online DOI: 10.1080/00938157.2015.1001647","PeriodicalId":43734,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Anthropology","volume":"44 1","pages":"1 - 4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2015-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00938157.2015.1001647","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59027599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anthropological Contributions and Challenges to the Study of Children and Childhoods","authors":"E. Sobo","doi":"10.1080/00938157.2015.1004926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00938157.2015.1004926","url":null,"abstract":"This essay considers the anthropology of childhood's recent growth. It summarizes the sub-field's extensive if often unacknowledged past, reviews its late 20th-century bourgeoning, and then highlights three influential teaching texts, each of which argues for a more considered, culturally informed understanding of children and childhood while performing the vital service of bringing together heretofore scattered ideas and data. To ensure the field's further maturation, scholars must leverage what an integrative, four-fields approach has to offer, attend to the conjoined, coterminous, and coeval facets of adulthood and childhood; leverage what an integrative, four-fields approach has to offer; expand the pediatric lens; and otherwise guard against our own cultural biases.","PeriodicalId":43734,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Anthropology","volume":"44 1","pages":"43 - 68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2015-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00938157.2015.1004926","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59027650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anthropology and Ethnohistory of the Maya","authors":"P. Sullivan","doi":"10.1080/00938157.2014.964061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00938157.2014.964061","url":null,"abstract":"Anthropological, linguistic, historical, and archeological research on the Maya proceeds today amidst public contestation, for political and economic reasons, of the identity of Maya people and the nature of Maya culture. Neo-liberal multiculturalism, struggles over dwindling land and forest resources, the intensification of international tourism, and the growth of pan-Maya movements repeatedly raise the question of who and what is authentically Maya. Our scholarship, while motivated by quite different concerns and interests, unavoidably touches on similar issues in its exploration of the forms and meanings of Maya expression, belief, and ritual from ancient times to the present.","PeriodicalId":43734,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Anthropology","volume":"43 1","pages":"260 - 281"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2014-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00938157.2014.964061","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59027113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two Cultures: French and American Social Science in the Twentieth Century","authors":"M. Harkin","doi":"10.1080/00938157.2014.964060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00938157.2014.964060","url":null,"abstract":"The development of anthropology in France and North America during the early to mid 20th century showed both similarities and pronounced differences. In both cases anthropology matured alongside sociology, a relationship that would prove increasingly problematic as the century wore on. In France, in particular, another important influence was art and literature, especially the Surrealism of the 1920s and 1930s. This was less the case in North America, but in both countries, anthropology occupied a medial position between science and the humanities.","PeriodicalId":43734,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Anthropology","volume":"43 1","pages":"282 - 296"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2014-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00938157.2014.964060","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59027102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Social Dynamics of Everyday Life","authors":"S. Souvatzi","doi":"10.1080/00938157.2014.964067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00938157.2014.964067","url":null,"abstract":"The four books under review illustrate different ways of analyzing past societies through households, houses, and the conduct of everyday life. Grounded on the materiality, spatiality, and temporality of prehistoric data, spanning from the Palaeolithic through to the recent past, these books provide important archaeological contributions to the anthropological study of social organization, inviting challenge and interdisciplinary dialogue. Each book has a distinctive approach, yet all four reflect wider epistemological shifts toward a concern with context, scale, diversity, and interaction. In summarizing and critiquing them, most attention is paid to their social perspectives and definitions. This leads to consideration of related work in wider anthropology.","PeriodicalId":43734,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Anthropology","volume":"43 1","pages":"238 - 259"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2014-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00938157.2014.964067","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59027520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editor's Introduction","authors":"M. Harkin","doi":"10.1080/00938157.2014.966642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00938157.2014.966642","url":null,"abstract":"Stella Souvatzi’s essay discusses recent work in archaeology on households. As Souvatzi argues, the spatial and temporal focus in archaeology has run increasingly in the direction of the micro. Less concerned with grand evolutionary sequences, processural and post-processural archaeology has more often concerned itself with small social units and has become more cognizant of the limited time frames in which sites may have been occupied: for instance, a mere half century in the case of northern Plains earthlodges. Mobility—either in the short term or long term—does not of course undermine the notion of household, or its usefulness in focusing attention on themes such as materiality, memory, and idealized models of perduring domestic units. Claude Lévi-Strauss’s concept of the house society has been influential on archaeologists’ understanding of households. Originally a way of dealing with the seeming paradox that Northwest Coast societies looked very much like corporate groups such as one expected in lineage societies, when only a few of the groups in fact possessed unilineal systems of kinship and descent, this concept was seminal in that it focused our attention away from the biological dimensions of social organization and onto the ideological ones. Household and family groups are of course always in a state of flux, due to the reality of demographic change, including birth, marriage, and death, as well as spatial mobility. In Northwest Coast societies, key symbols such as family crests, names, and stories were deployed to maintain the fiction of a permanent, indeed eternal, structure. This is nicely symbolized by an example of ‘‘mobile homes’’ found among many of the central coast groups. Houses consisted of two components: the permanent posts which remained in the ground for as long as the house was occupied, and planks, which could be removed and towed behind canoes during seasonal migrations. The posts were usually marked with the family’s crest, and so constituted, along with the accompanying title name and narrative, a permanent claim to house and property (symbolic property as well as land and resource rights). The planks—like the individuals who made up the group—were mobile. Another interesting point raised in this literature is the multigenerational project of building, adapting, and remembering the household. Again, this works at both the material and ideological levels. A structure may be built Reviews in Anthropology, 43:235–237, 2014 Copyright # Taylor & Francis Group, LLC ISSN: 0093-8157 print=1556-3014 online DOI: 10.1080/00938157.2014.966642","PeriodicalId":43734,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Anthropology","volume":"43 1","pages":"235 - 237"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2014-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00938157.2014.966642","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59027527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arab (and Muslim) Presence in North America","authors":"J. Smith","doi":"10.1080/00938157.2014.937666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00938157.2014.937666","url":null,"abstract":"Each of the three volumes under consideration tells stories related to the presence of Arabs and Muslims in North America. Alfaro-Velcamp shares her findings about the migration and resulting experiences of Lebanese and Syrians to Mexico up to the mid-20th century. Working with young adults in the San Francisco Bay area in the early 1990s, Naber uses their stories to illustrate the difficulties of being Arab and/or Muslim in the United States through the lens of her own political perspectives. Alsultany analyzes American media, especially television, showing how the stories that the media tell relate directly to American policies in the Middle East and to the perpetuation of American racism.","PeriodicalId":43734,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Anthropology","volume":"43 1","pages":"221 - 234"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2014-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00938157.2014.937666","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59027002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Jack Goody: The Anthropology of Unequal Society","authors":"Keith Hart","doi":"10.1080/00938157.2014.937667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00938157.2014.937667","url":null,"abstract":"In almost four decades Jack Goody has published a score of books seeking to explain the divergence of Africa from the Eurasian continent, and latterly to refute historical claims of western superiority to Asia. Since the millennium, he has sought to clarify his own vision of modern capitalism at a time when western hegemony is coming under pressure from globalization. Yet this achievement has not received the recognition from anthropologists that it deserves. This article, in reviewing six books published during the last decade, makes a case for reassessing Goody's project from the mid-1970s until now. It singles out two books for special attention, The Theft of History and his latest volume, Metals, Culture and Capitalism. A consistent theme of his recent work is to juxtapose his own account of the history of western capitalism with those of Marx, Weber and other writers in the classical tradition of social theory. Jack Goody remains to this day an anthropologist whose sensibility was formed by long-term ethnographic fieldwork. But he knew that, if he aspired to throw light on the human predicament as a whole, he would have to become a world historian too.","PeriodicalId":43734,"journal":{"name":"Reviews in Anthropology","volume":"43 1","pages":"199 - 220"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2014-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00938157.2014.937667","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59027055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}