Bioremediation Science and Technology Research最新文献

{"title":"Outlier and Normality Testing of the Residuals from the Carreau-Yasuda Model in Fitting the Rheological Behavior of the Non-Newtonian fluid TF2N","authors":"M. Shukor","doi":"10.54987/bstr.v9i1.593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54987/bstr.v9i1.593","url":null,"abstract":"Non-Newtonian fluids include a variety of regularly encountered substances such as custard, honey, toothpaste, starch suspensions (including starch from corn starch), paint, blood, melted butter, and hairspray. For decades, scientists have investigated non-Newtonian fluid behavior and produced models to aid in the characterization of non-Newtonian fluid behavior. In addition to data interpolation and extrapolation, the outputs of these models may be utilized for material classification based on model parameters and aid with the simulation of computational fluid dynamics. The Carreau-Yasuda model fitted to the rheological behavior of the non-Newtonian fluid1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide ([emim][TF2N]) was checked for its conformation to the normal distribution of its residual using the normality tests , which was found not to pass all of the test. After checking for the presence of an outlier using the Grubbs ‘test, no outlier was detected. The ROUT method was then applied to detect the presence of outliers and three outliers were found and removed. The normality checks performed on the cleaned residues gave acceptable results in terms of normality tests and visual conformation of the residual, Q-Q plot and overlaid normality curve to the histogram, indicating that the model is now appropriate for the data.","PeriodicalId":436607,"journal":{"name":"Bioremediation Science and Technology Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125148137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Test of the Randomness of Residuals for the Pseudo-1st Order Kinetic Modelling of Adsorption of the Brominated Flame Retardant 4-bromodiphenyl Ether onto Biochar-immobilized Sphingomonas sp.","authors":"G. Umar","doi":"10.54987/bstr.v9i1.594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54987/bstr.v9i1.594","url":null,"abstract":"Test of the Randomness of Residuals for the Pseudo-1st Order Kinetic Modelling of Adsorption of the Brominated Flame Retardant 4-bromodiphenyl Ether onto Biochar-immobilized Sphingomonas sp.","PeriodicalId":436607,"journal":{"name":"Bioremediation Science and Technology Research","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114600425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outlier and Normality Testing of the Residuals for the Morgan-Mercer-Flodin (MMF) Model Used for Modelling the Total Number of COVID-19 Cases for Brazil","authors":"G. Uba, Nuhu Danlahi Zandam, A. Mansur, M. Shukor","doi":"10.54987/bstr.v9i1.592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54987/bstr.v9i1.592","url":null,"abstract":"Traditionally, testing for outliers is performed by first creating a null hypothesis, H0, indicating that the suspected results do not differ significantly from those of other members of the data set, and then rejecting it if the likelihood of getting the experimental results is extremely low (e.g., p=0.05). Similarly, if H0 can be rejected, the questionable findings may be discarded as outliers as well. If H0 is retained in the data set, it is important to keep the dubious findings in the data set. In general, in nonlinear regression, the residuals of the curve must be normally distributed before any test for the existence of outliers is performed. This is often accomplished through the use of normalcy tests such as the Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Wilks-Shapiro, D'Agostino-Pearson, and Grubb's tests, the latter of which checks for the presence of an outlier and is the subject of this study. Normality tests for residues used in general nonlinear regression revealed that the usage of the Morgan-Mercer-Flodin (MMF) Model used for Modelling the Total Number of COVID-19 Cases for Brazil was adequate due to lack of an outlier. The critical value of Z from statistical table for Grubbs’ test for a single outlier using mean and SD was 0.114 (n=50). The Grubbs (Alpha = 0.05) g value was 3.597. Individual Z value indicates that the residual with a value of -3 (row 3) was far from the rest and is deemed a significant outlier (p < 0.05). This outlier was removed, and subsequent Grubb’s test show the absence of other outliers. As the Grubbs’ test require for the normality of the residuals, several normality tests (Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Wilks-Shapiro, Anderson-Darling and the D'Agostino-Pearson omnibus K2 test) were carried out and the results were found to conform to normality. In addition, a visual inspection of the model’s normal probability or Q-Q plot shows a nearly straight and appeared to exhibit no underlying pattern. The resulting histogram overlaid with the ensuing normal distribution curve also reveals that the residuals were truly random and that the model used was adequately fitted.","PeriodicalId":436607,"journal":{"name":"Bioremediation Science and Technology Research","volume":"133 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114173394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biodegradation of Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonates (LAS): A Mini Review","authors":"Huda Kaida, M. Syed, M. Shukor, A. Othman","doi":"10.54987/bstr.v9i1.590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54987/bstr.v9i1.590","url":null,"abstract":"The most common anionic surfactants in the formulation of detergents are Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonates (LAS), with an anionic sulfonate head group and a hydrophobic alkylbenzene tail group. The two primary synthetic detergents, together with sodium laureth sulphate, have been around for quite some time and may be found in many personal-care items such as shampoos, soaps, toothpaste, and laundry detergent. LAS is a relatively recalcitrant compound and not easily biodegraded. It is a major source of environmental contamination. Bioremediation can potentially give a significantly higher removal efficiency than standard physicochemical techniques. This review aims to compile information on the toxicity, biodegradation and assimilatory pathway of this class of compound. One of the challenges in the bioremediation of this class of compound is that there have been limited SDBS-degrading bacteria isolated and characterized to date and further work in the field of bioremediation should focus on the isolation of more degraders and carrying out further trials with micro-and mesocosms.","PeriodicalId":436607,"journal":{"name":"Bioremediation Science and Technology Research","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114179578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biodiesel Production using Helianthus annuus (Sunflower) Seed Oil by Trans-Esterification Method","authors":"Hayatuddeen Abubakar, A. Hammari, U. Adamu, A. Abubakar","doi":"10.54987/bstr.v8i2.555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54987/bstr.v8i2.555","url":null,"abstract":"Biodiesel produced from sunflower seed oil is environmentally friendly, sustainable and feasible as an alternative to conventional diesel fuel. Sunflower seed oil biodiesel was produced through trans-esterification reaction using 200 g sunflower seed oil (SSO), 40g methanol and 0.8g sodium hydroxide (NaOH) catalyst at 55 ℃ reaction temperature and 120-minute reaction time. The experiment was carried out three times and average results evaluated. High yield of the biodiesel (88.31%) was obtained. The fuel property of the biodiesel product was determined by the American standard for testing and materials (ASTM) fuel tests. Some of the properties includes density (0.79 g/cm3), kinematic viscosity (3.59 mm2/s), dynamic viscosity (6.58x10-3 kgm-1s-1), water content (0.04% mass), acid value (0.36 mg KOH/g), flash point (159 °C) and pour point was found to be -19 °C. The results found to be within the range of American standard for testing and materials (ASTM), the fuel tests show that the biodiesel product from Sunflower seed oil can serve as an alternative source for diesel production.","PeriodicalId":436607,"journal":{"name":"Bioremediation Science and Technology Research","volume":"119 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123479625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermodynamic Alternative Calculations on a Published Work on Adsorption of Methyl Orange using Chitosan Intercalated Montmorillonite","authors":"A. A. Basirun, N. A. Yasid, A. Othman, M. K. Sabullah, M. Halmi, M. Shukor","doi":"10.54987/bstr.v8i2.552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54987/bstr.v8i2.552","url":null,"abstract":"Pollutant treatment methods are available for membrane isolation, exchange of ions, precipitation, transformation and biosorption. Biosorption has many positive aspects of all this technology, including low running costs, very effective toxicant detoxification at low concentrations, low levels of disposal materials. In many applications, adsorption plays an important role in concentrating useful compounds or eliminating contaminants. The thermodynamic parameters of the adsorption are often obtained from the relation between the adsorption constant (KC in Lmol-1 unit) and the Gibbs free adsorption energy. When the van’t Hoff plot for the temperature range 298.2 K to 328.2 K was plotted, a nonlinear curve was obtained with poor R2 value (R=0.491). In order to calculate the ΔH° and ΔS° more accurately, the thermodynamics parameters were analysed at two processes: one between 298.2 and 301.2 K and another at between 301.2 and 328.2 K which gave a better R2 values of 1.00 and 0.995, respectively. The ∆G°, ∆H° (kJ/mol) and ∆S° (kJ/mol×K) values for temperatures between 298.2 and 301.2 K and between 301.2 and 328.2 K were –29.4524, 14.65, 0.145 and –30.4787, –14.88 and 0.049, respectively. This paper depicts with the proposed workflow in the analysis of liquid-phase adsorption data from the data acquisition to data analysis and thermodynamics appropriate calculation of the dimensionless KC parameter.","PeriodicalId":436607,"journal":{"name":"Bioremediation Science and Technology Research","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126173215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermodynamics Modelling of Lead (II) Biosorption using Cystoseira stricta Biomass","authors":"Abdussamad Abubakar, I. Sabo, Salihu Yahuza","doi":"10.54987/bstr.v8i2.554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54987/bstr.v8i2.554","url":null,"abstract":"Lead (II) biosorption using Cystoseira stricta data from a previous study was used for thermodynamics investigation. Thermodynamics study of sorption is very important as it can reveal precious information regarding the spontaneity and reaction types. This study computed thermodynamics parameters for the biosorption reaction of Pb (II) by Cystoseira stricta biomass, energy change (ΔG= 18.74, 20.80, and 21.82 kJ/mol at 30, 35 and 40oC respectively), enthalpy change (ΔH= 75.01 kJ/mol) and entropy change (ΔS= 309.78 J/mol). The parameters were found to be spontaneous (ΔG), endothermic (+ΔH) and the (+ΔS) value indicates increased randomness of the reaction. Likewise, the reaction process was found to be physical, deriving energy in the form of heat from the surrounding. Confidence interval (95%) for each of the parameter was also calculated.","PeriodicalId":436607,"journal":{"name":"Bioremediation Science and Technology Research","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124152275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kinetic Studies on the Biosorption of the Brominated Flame Retardant 4-Dibromodiphenyl ether (BDE-3) using Coconut Palm Leaf Powders","authors":"N. A. Yasid, M. Halmi, M. Shukor","doi":"10.54987/bstr.v8i2.550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54987/bstr.v8i2.550","url":null,"abstract":"Methods such as membrane isolation, ion replacements, precipitation, transformation and biosorption are proven approaches to contaminant control. Biosorption has all of these technological features including low operating costs, very efficient detoxifying of toxicities at low volumes, minimal amounts of removal components and nutrient requirement, as well as bacterial remediation, which are limited to the presence of heavy metals and other toxicants. The biosorption of BDE-3 on coconut leaves powder on the biosorption of BDE-3 from coconut leaves powder were analyzed using three models—pseudo-1st, pseudo-2nd and Elovich, and fitted using non-linear regression. Statistical analysis based on root-mean-square error (RMSE), adjusted coefficient of determination (adjR2), bias factor (BF), accuracy factor (AF), corrected AICc (Akaike Information Criterion), Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) and Hannan–Quinn information criterion (HQC) showed that the Pseudo-2nd order model is the best model. Kinetic analysis using the Pseudo-2nd order model gave a value of equilibrium sorption capacity qe for 0.01 g per L adsorbent of 488.16 mg g-1 (95% confidence interval from 463.68 to 512.64) and a value of the Pseudo-2nd-order rate constant, k2 of 0.00019 (95% confidence interval from 0.00010 to 0.00027) while the equilibrium sorption capacity qe for 0.002 g per L adsorbent of 2403.61 mg g-1 (95% confidence interval from 2313.99 to 2493.22) and a value of the Pseudo-2nd-order rate constant, k2 of 0.000043 (95% confidence interval from 0.000027 to 0.000059). These calculated values will be very useful in designing effective sorption experiment and understanding the limitations of the system developed.","PeriodicalId":436607,"journal":{"name":"Bioremediation Science and Technology Research","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127673778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solvent Extraction and its Effects on the Phytochemical Yield and Antioxidant Capacity of Commiphora africana (Burseraceae)","authors":"G. Uba, Hambali Dauda, K. M. Aujara, U. Ali","doi":"10.54987/bstr.v8i2.551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54987/bstr.v8i2.551","url":null,"abstract":"The use of medicinal plants as a core component of the traditional African health care system is perhaps the oldest and most diverse of all therapeutic approaches. Traditional herbal healers are, in many parts of rural Africa, the most readily accessible and affordable health resource available to the local population and, at times, the only surviving treatment. Finding a suitable solvent is important to obtain a high yield of antioxidants in the phytochemicals present in C. africana. Among the solvents, methanol displayed the highest capacity in extracting glycosides (223.12±1.20 mg LE/g dry weight) phenolics (89.09±0.24 (mg GAE/g dry weight) and flavonoids (80.88±0.24 mg QE/g dry weight) from C. africana stem bark extract. Closely related trend was observed in glycosides, phenolics and flavonoids extracted with n-hexane. These findings suggest a high number of polar glycosides and phenolics in the stem extract of C. africana. These findings validate the pharmacological activities of the plant in Africa.","PeriodicalId":436607,"journal":{"name":"Bioremediation Science and Technology Research","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134452256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Remodelling the Growth Inhibition Kinetics of Pseudomonas sp. Strain DrY Kertih on Acrylamide","authors":"A. Abubakar, N. Gusmanizar, M. Rusnam, M. Syed, N. A. Shamaan, M. Shukor","doi":"10.54987/bstr.v8i2.553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54987/bstr.v8i2.553","url":null,"abstract":"The bacterium Pseudomonas sp. strain Dr Y Kertih is an efficient acrylamide-degrader isolated from hydrocarbon sludge and is able to tolerate high concentrations of acrylamide. Modelling was carried out using several other kinetic models such as Haldane, Andrews Noack, the Web and Yano, Luong, Teissier and Hans-Levenspiel. The statistical analysis and accuracy of the all seven kinetic models used indicated that Aiba was the best model with small values for RMSE and AICc, closest to unity for adjusted R2 values, and Bias Factor and Accuracy Factor nearest to unity. The Aiba’s constants; maximal growth rate, half-saturation constant for maximal growth and inhibition constant represented by max, Ks and Ki, were 0.221 per h (95% C.I., 0.140 to 0.301), 128.9 mg/L (95% C.I., 40.4 to 217.4) and 633.8 mg/L (95% C.I., 458.6 to 808.9), respectively. The true maximal reduction rate, which occurred when the slope of the curve is zero occurs at 229 mg/L acrylamide concentration and a corresponding value of 0.099 hr-1 (95% C.I., 0.063 to 0.135). The modelling of toxicant bacterial growth kinetics is an integral part of improving effective bioremediation strategies as the consistencies obtained can be used to plan and strategize bioremediation constraints. To date, based on the specific maximal growth rate on acrylamide for this bacterium, it indicates it is the most efficient acrylamide-degrading strain","PeriodicalId":436607,"journal":{"name":"Bioremediation Science and Technology Research","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114318745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}