Ukrainian Society最新文献

{"title":"Digest of U-Report surveys: 1st quarter of 2022 (national cinema, digital professions, youth in war: security and volunteering, financial assistance)","authors":"V. S. Demchuk","doi":"10.15407/socium2022.01.123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/socium2022.01.123","url":null,"abstract":"The paper dwells upon the results of surveys of the innovative youth project U-Report for January– March 2022: national cinema, trends of the new digital professions among young people; youth in war: security and volunteering, financial assistance.","PeriodicalId":436487,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Society","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128444162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transformation of institutional environment of small and medium enterprises development","authors":"O. Nykyforuk, U. Berezhnytska","doi":"10.15407/socium2021.04.064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/socium2021.04.064","url":null,"abstract":"Theoretical and historical perspectives study the logic and dynamics of institutional changes in the deregulation of small and medium-sized enterprises (SME). The paper specifically considers the conditionally and nature of institutional changes in socio-economic systems in the context of leading trends and challenges of our time. These processes are designed for SME development policy. The methods of scientific cognition, analysis and synthesis, logical generalization, deductive technique, complex evaluation, graphics, and others are used. Based on the definition of relationships between the basic categories of institutionalism under the influence of economic changes and the clarification of the functional purpose of the institutional environment to create a favourable “microclimate”, appropriate conditions for activity and development, the process of the institutional environment of SME development formation during the 30 years in Ukraine is generalized. The process mentioned above is divided into three periods: the 1st – since 1991, the intensification of institutional changes in SME development policy when the State Committee of Ukraine for Regulatory Policy and Entrepreneurship Development and the Ukrainian Entrepreneurship Support Fund were established; the 2nd – since 1998, when the SME support system was formed and developed directly during 2000–2011; and the 3rd period – since 2014, when there was stagnation and decline of the constructed SMEs development support system, but there were some isolated, unfortunately, chaotic institutional initiatives during 2018–2020. The scientific novelty lies in the reflection of economic changes in the institutional environment of SME development in Ukraine under the influence of the most fundamental structural socio-economic transformations and global factors: globalization, internationalization (1991–1997), innovative development, socialization, intellectualization of the economy (1998–2013), sustainable development, digitalization (2014–2021). The presented scheme of influence allowed generalizing the tendencies under the influence of which the institutional environment of SME development formed and gave the chance of predicting at the expense of what components and from what sources institutional changes can be expected. Practical significance: the recommendations can be used in forming and implementing of the national and regional targeted programs for SME support and development in Ukraine.","PeriodicalId":436487,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Society","volume":"32 8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125738044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The European green deal in Ukraine: opportunities and implications for the industry","authors":"O. Kushnirenko, N. Gakhovych","doi":"10.15407/socium2021.04.046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/socium2021.04.046","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the article is to substantiate the European Green Deal (EGD) commitments, identify opportunities and threats for the development of Ukrainian industry, and elaborate proposals for the adaptation of Ukrainian producers to the requirements of the EGD. It is shown that the EGD is at the centre of the European agenda, and it is a modern challenge that can change the economy and consumption patterns not only in the European Union but throughout the world. This could have profound geopolitical implications. The authors justify that Ukraine has stable economic, social, and political ties with the EU and has been involved in new value chains with European producers, so implementing the EGD opens new opportunities for “green” transformations of the Ukrainian industry. It has been found that Ukraine should serve to implement international commitments on development. However, such compliance carries significant threats aggravated by technological backwardness and financial insecurity of industrial agents. Also, complying with Ukraine’s international commitments and other international agreements could further impede access of Ukrainian goods to the EU market by strengthening trade barriers associated with more stringent environmental requirements. It has been shown that today the level of climatic neutrality and environmental load on the environment in Ukraine does not correspond to European standards. This enhances the importance of adapting the Ukrainian industry to the requirements of the EGD. To address the shortcomings, the authors propose regulatory and institutional changes. Paper recommends developing economic incentives to save energy and primary material resources, modern waste management methods to minimize waste volumes, disseminate environmental innovations and environmentally friendly resource-efficient technologies to develop “green” business.","PeriodicalId":436487,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Society","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130063762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quality of public services in the territories of Donetsk and Luhansk regions controlled by Ukraine","authors":"V. Kipen, N. Nykyforenko","doi":"10.15407/socium2021.04.170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/socium2021.04.170","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance of the study of access to quality public services of the population living in the territories of Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts controlled by the Government of Ukraine is due to the high level of the social vulnerability caused by the ongoing military conflict in eastern Ukraine, the ambiguous consequences of decentralization reform, and the introduction of quarantine restrictions caused by to the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of the article is to analyze the quality of services provided by public authorities and local governments to residents of the government-controlled territories of the Donetsk and Luhansk regions, based on focus group interviews. The 6 focus groups were conducted within the project of the Donetsk Institute for Social Research and Political Analysis “Services available to the population and assessment of power in Donbas on both sides of the line of demarcation” in February 2021 in Mariupol, Slovyansk, Bakhmut (Donetsk region), Severodonetsk, Lysychansk and Stanytsia Luhanska (Luhansk region), which allowed collecting information on the range of available public services in these locations, define the most popular services and barriers to their delivery, and criteria for assessing the activities of residents of public service entities, as well as ways to improve quality of those services. Focus group discussion revealed that in the locations covered by the study, the influence of the spatial factor on ensuring the quality of public services is significant. Due to the manifestations of crisis consciousness formed in living conditions near the zone of military conflict, residents are not too demanding about the quality of services and react mainly to cases of long-term lack of services, vital for life-support. There are no clear criteria for assessing the quality of public services in their collective mindset. The availability of public services (the actual possibility of obtaining them at the place of residence) and the transparency of the authorities’ activities that provide them are essential. For the most part, residents do not feel their responsibility for the quality of services. When substantiating the expressed trust or distrust in the authorities, their rational arguments are often inferior to the affective ones. In addition to overcoming the identified problems in the primary spheres of life support, the study showed the expediency of focusing the efforts of local authorities and the “third sector” on the formation of appropriate client competence of public service recipients in controlled by Ukraine areas of Donetsk and Luhansk regions, in particular, of the full range of services available in situ, the conditions and mechanisms for their provision, the powers of local governments, the nature and essence of relations between the subjects of public services); on the development of instruments of “participatory democracy” and public control of power mechanisms. The positive perception by the population of decent","PeriodicalId":436487,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Society","volume":"14 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120994121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"National-civil values: regional dimension in the All-Ukrainian context","authors":"V. Kotygorenko","doi":"10.15407/socium2021.04.111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/socium2021.04.111","url":null,"abstract":"Unlike the scientific terms and concepts, which help to learn about reality, the terms and concepts of legislation affect the formation of this reality. In 2019, the Parliament of Ukraine adopted the law “Onto Ensuring the Functioning of the Ukrainian Language as the State Language”. In this act, there is an immanently contradictory postulate, according to which two Ukrainian nations form the Ukrainian society: ethnic and civil, where the former is a systemic component of the latter. Since then, all branches of state power, politicians, scientists, and the general public should understand which values of Ukrainians should be considered national and be protected and cultivated: Ukrainian national-ethnic or Ukrainian national-civic. To prevent such potentially conflicting contradictions, the article uses the phrase “national-civil values” as a synonym for the term “national values”. Both are derived from the idea and understanding of the modern Ukrainian nation as citizens of Ukrainian and all other ethnic identities, united by values mutual compatible with the ethno-Ukrainian majority in a community within which individual and group ethnic, cultural, linguistic, religious, regional, political and other differences persist. As reasoned in the article, this is how the Ukrainian nation is perceived by the majority of the country’s population. This position is consistent with the recommendation of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE) 1735 (2006) dated January 26, 2006, entitled “The Concept of “Nation”. Sources of information on the research problem were the results of mass surveys that represent the entire population of Ukraine and its regions, conducted by respectful sociological institutions. Based on these materials’ analytical and synthetic processing, an array of facts has been formed that show the trends and specifics of the All-Ukrainian and regional dynamics of national-civil values with the most significant integrative potential. It shows Ukrainian nation as a multifaceted civil society with an ethno-Ukrainian core, Ukrainian citizenship, a sense of patriotism and pride in belonging to the community of Ukrainian citizens, and the Independence of the Ukrainian state.","PeriodicalId":436487,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Society","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125198586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Affective polarization as a marker of social disruption: new approaches to research","authors":"O. G. Zlobina, E. Bliznyuk","doi":"10.15407/socium2021.04.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/socium2021.04.009","url":null,"abstract":"The article describes the tool, which was formed and tested to assess politicians’ emotional attitude to predict the impact of affective polarization on the nature of political confrontations. Plutchek’s theoretical scheme of emotions has been operationalized, the tool for assessing emotional perception has been proposed, and its use for measuring the President’s emotional perception has been tested. Eight basic attitudes that can be used as the foundation for behavioural matrices, representing different types of links between emotional evaluations and behavioural attitudes, have been modelled. The tool was tested during the survey with the participation of 1420 respondents. There have been identified two latent factors, which demonstrate the internal connection of eight pairs of bipolar emotions concerning the figure of the President. The first factor covers the emotions of defeat, the second is – emotions of victory. As far as the emotional attitude to the President is concerned, the presence of an emotional split between those who voted for him and those who were against him has been confirmed. It was found out that the structure of the emotional perception of the President by the winners is mobile and combines both positive and negative emotions. At the same time, the structure of the emotional attitude of the losers is monochrome and is mainly represented by negative emotions. Comparison of emotional profiles of representatives of polar groups revealed that the behavioural model of the defeated is formed by mixing two fundamental attitudes, those of the Distressed and the Rejected. The behavioural model of the winners is formed on the ground of the essential attitude, that of the Stakeholders. The emotional profile of those who did not vote for any of the candidates is generally closer to the profile of the winners. Significant differences in the emotional perception of the President between those who voted for and against him have been defined. There have also been fixed the peculiarities of emotional perception of the figure of the President, depending on the level of education and financial status of the respondents.","PeriodicalId":436487,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Society","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123430630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The assessment of rural communities’ inclusiveness within territorial communities: the case of Lokachynska TC","authors":"O. Borodina, I. Prokopa, O. Fraier","doi":"10.15407/socium2021.04.085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/socium2021.04.085","url":null,"abstract":"The decentralization reform in Ukraine has resulted in creating the primary level of the administrative-territorial system – territorial communities (TC). Rural settlements are also included in TCs, consisting of more than 25 and even 50. Today, TCs as administrative entities face the challenge of uniting communities and preserving and developing their people. The purpose of the paper is to substantiate the necessity and principles of TCs inclusive development, identify the situation of their rural communities referring to the example of Lokachynska TC, and test approaches to assessing their involvement in the functioning of the community. The following research methods were used: dialectical and abstract-logical (in the analysis of threats to rural communities due to their merger in the TC and justification of their inclusive development principles), monographic (to characterize Lokachinskaya TC), economic and statistical (in assessing the level of inclusive community development). It has been proven that one of the tasks of amalgamating territorial communities, especially those that include too many rural settlements is ensuring development based on inclusiveness. The TCs’ development and their rural communities aimed at reducing poverty, overcoming the economic, social, and political exclusion of people living in rural areas providing them with the opportunity to have a tangible impact on their lives is defined as inclusive development. The main characteristics of Lokachynska TC and the conditions of its rural communities’ functioning are revealed. Following the determining methodology of the rural sector of social inclusiveness, which is adapted to the community level, the involvement of Lokachynska TC communities in the economic, social and socio-political spheres was assessed. The study results can be used in strategies and plans for developing territorial communities, considering the specifics of community in each settlement, and identifying overcoming ways of its economic and/or social exclusion.","PeriodicalId":436487,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Society","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128330089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of political leadership in the conditions of presidential and semi-presidential democratic republics: dynamics of main indicators","authors":"L. Tesfaiie","doi":"10.15407/socium2021.04.154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/socium2021.04.154","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the study is to provide a comparative analysis of democratic leadership effectiveness in the relatively large presidential and semi-presidential countries of the world. Providing powerful political leadership is the essential task for presidents and institutions of the presidency in presidential and semi-presidential democratic republics. Countries with presidential and semi-presidential systems of government should be combined under the term “countries (states) with the executive presidency or presidential states (countries)” that reflects their common feature, namely: critical role of the institution of the presidency. Two main indicators of political leadership effectiveness in democratic states are the EIU’s Democracy Index (DI) and comparable GDP (PPP) per capita that reflect the current situation and comparative dynamics in the political and economic fields of societal development. The United States confidently hold economic leadership in the group of polities with an executive presidency, but the DI in this country during the last 15 years has steadily declined. In the subgroup of presidential republics, three Latin American states – Uruguay, Chile and Costa Rica – have noticeably outranked the United States (and South Korea) by the EIU’s DI. The experience of Chile deserves attention: there had been a dramatic upsurge of social unrest in late 2019, but the Chilean president, Sebastián Piñera, and his government took the political initiative and led the process of changing the constitution successfully. In 2020 the semi-presidential Republic of China (Taiwan) had been the absolute leader in political development and economic growth among the states with an executive presidency. The president, Tsai Ing-wen, played a crucial role in implementing and realizing democratic leadership there. Lithuania is the apparent leader in democracy and economic improvement among the European semi-presidential states during the last two decades. The next research of the author in this direction will be devoted to the comparative institutional analysis of the presidency functioning in the United States and Ukraine as the sample countries with presidential and semi-presidential systems of government systems respectively at the present stage of development.","PeriodicalId":436487,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Society","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126990421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digest of U-Report surveys: 4th quarter of 2021 (public initiatives, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on childhood practices, youth participation in environmental initiatives)","authors":"щотижневих акту, альних опитувань, серед підлітків","doi":"10.15407/socium2021.04.204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/socium2021.04.204","url":null,"abstract":"The paper dwells upon the results of surveys of the innovative youth project U-Report for September – November 2021: public initiatives, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on childhood practices, youth participation in environmental initiatives.","PeriodicalId":436487,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Society","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115665978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current issues of activation of green tourism development in Ukraine","authors":"H. Fedosieieva","doi":"10.15407/socium2021.04.097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/socium2021.04.097","url":null,"abstract":"The reorientation of Ukrainian vacationers to the domestic tourist market due to the COVID-19 global pandemic has created additional demand for specific types of tourism, among which green tourism occupies a vital place. At the same time, although it is easy to find acceptable options for green recreation, there are still many controversial and uncertain points in this area of tourism. The article is devoted to the study and comparison of expert opinions with actual analytical data to form a system of measures to enhance the development of domestic green tourism. The methods of economic-statistical modelling, dialectical and abstract-logical methods, bibliometric analysis, graphic method of scientific research are used in work. The article considers the work and approaches of scientists and international organizations to determine the nature, subjects and specifics of green tourism. With this in mind, our approach to interpreting the definition of “green tourism” has been formed. The author presents the analytical data on the effectiveness and directions of green tourism the potential number of tourists focused on green recreation. Expert opinions on the prospects and problems of green tourism development in Ukraine are presented. Emphasis is placed on the available tools of state regulation of the studied sector and the international practice of green tourism regulation. Considering all the above, the problematic factors that cause the most significant deterrent effect on the development of domestic green tourism have been identified in the author’s opinion. Using the methods of economic and statistical modelling, the relationship between thevolume of capital investment in tourism and the profitability of tourist services is proved. The system of measures proposed by the author to increase the investment attractiveness of green tourism in Ukraine is substantiated and presented. The need to improve the quality of green tourism in Ukraine was emphasized.","PeriodicalId":436487,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Society","volume":"1 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131088848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}