Danilo Alves de Lima, A. Victorino, Arthur De Miranda Neto
{"title":"A 2D/3D environment perception approach applied to sensor-based navigation of automated driving systems","authors":"Danilo Alves de Lima, A. Victorino, Arthur De Miranda Neto","doi":"10.1109/SBR-LARS-R.2017.8215298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SBR-LARS-R.2017.8215298","url":null,"abstract":"The perception of the environment is one the most important tasks related to automated driving systems navigation. Typically, the robot detects the road surface and obstacles to perform the local navigation control safely. However, working with image data brings several problems related to environment elements like shadows, light reflection, low-variance textures, etc., which could compromise the efficiency of the final detection. We dealt with these problems in our previous work, where a 2D/3D image processing approach was proposed to detect the road surface. Although presenting good results, the final solution was time-consuming for a real application in autonomous navigation. Here, we propose some modifications in the 2D/3D structure to a better time efficient technique, allowing the road surface and obstacles detection. The final solution was tested successfully in a sensor-based navigation approach.","PeriodicalId":435860,"journal":{"name":"2017 Latin American Robotics Symposium (LARS) and 2017 Brazilian Symposium on Robotics (SBR)","volume":"118 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116348385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alana de Santana Correia, Stephanie Kamarry, L. Molina, E. Carvalho, E. Freire
{"title":"RRT-Edge: A compact approach for path planning of mobile robots","authors":"Alana de Santana Correia, Stephanie Kamarry, L. Molina, E. Carvalho, E. Freire","doi":"10.1109/SBR-LARS-R.2017.8215282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SBR-LARS-R.2017.8215282","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, a new method is presented in order to increase node dispersion on RRTs. This approach allows for a better environment representation, reducing the amount of nodes in the tree. The proposed RRT differs from Classic RRT by an insertion of a new node-tree connection method. The proposed affixing rule uses a tree whose edges are of variable length, which more rapidly explores the environment's structure. In order to reduce edges overlapping and the amount of nodes, new nodes could be added along the edges, instead of only outside of them. Furthermore, this work proposes a discrete density metric which will be used to compare, by simulation experiments, the classic method to the technique here presented. This technique generates improvements on the uniformity of the tree's expansion and on the graph's exploration speed in the path-planning phase. The results obtained suggest a reduction of up to 70% of the node amount, while keeping a constant density.","PeriodicalId":435860,"journal":{"name":"2017 Latin American Robotics Symposium (LARS) and 2017 Brazilian Symposium on Robotics (SBR)","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125490210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Luciane B. Soares, Á. Weis, R. N. Rodrigues, Paulo L. J. Drews-Jr, B. Guterres, S. Botelho, N. L. Filho
{"title":"Seam tracking and welding bead geometry analysis for autonomous welding robot","authors":"Luciane B. Soares, Á. Weis, R. N. Rodrigues, Paulo L. J. Drews-Jr, B. Guterres, S. Botelho, N. L. Filho","doi":"10.1109/SBR-LARS-R.2017.8215324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SBR-LARS-R.2017.8215324","url":null,"abstract":"Welding is a process recognized by the laborious work and hazardous work environment it takes place, but it is an important process in different industrial scenarios, like the shipbuilding industry. The use of robots has been increasing in recent years, reducing the human interference necessary for the process. This paper proposes a system for automated seam tracking and a geometric welding bead analysis systems based on passive monocular vision. Using an vision system attached to a linear welding robot, images of the gap between two plates are acquired, during the welding process in order to identify the groove's characteristics and perform a autonomous welding. These characteristics are used during the geometric weld bead analysis to detect geometric failures such as misalignment, lack or excess of fusion, among others.","PeriodicalId":435860,"journal":{"name":"2017 Latin American Robotics Symposium (LARS) and 2017 Brazilian Symposium on Robotics (SBR)","volume":"275 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115247937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A study on the effect of human proxemics rules in human following by a robot team","authors":"M. R. Batista, D. Macharet, R. Romero","doi":"10.1109/SBR-LARS-R.2017.8215316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SBR-LARS-R.2017.8215316","url":null,"abstract":"Considering the greater insertion of mobile robots in social contexts, i.e. in the presence of humans, classical techniques for fundamental tasks, such as navigation, must consider those people. In this sense, it is important to provide these robots with the capability to behave in a more socially acceptable manner. The adoption of socially acceptable behaviors demands a trade-off between social comfort and direct navigation efficiency, since humans must be differentiated from other ordinary objects in the scene. Since the impact of multirobot navigation with a person has not yet been investigated and is incipient in the literature, in this paper it is addressed the specific case in which a person must be followed by a team of robots. Three navigation strategies are proposed to a team of robots built upon a traditional flocking behavior. Evaluation criteria involving social and performance metrics have been adopted. Simulated results suggest that social rules did not hinder the robots performance, resulting in a safer navigation.","PeriodicalId":435860,"journal":{"name":"2017 Latin American Robotics Symposium (LARS) and 2017 Brazilian Symposium on Robotics (SBR)","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124921653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Robison Cris Brito, J. F. Loureiro, E. Todt, Roberto Pereira
{"title":"A systematic mapping for the scenario of non-urban autonomous vehicle cooperation systems","authors":"Robison Cris Brito, J. F. Loureiro, E. Todt, Roberto Pereira","doi":"10.1109/SBR-LARS-R.2017.8215294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SBR-LARS-R.2017.8215294","url":null,"abstract":"The cooperation between autonomous vehicles is receiving a growing attention from the academic literature. As a promising field, there is a need for studies that can provide both an overview and a structured analysis of the present literature. This paper presents a systematic mapping for the scenario of systems with cooperation of non-urban vehicles, presenting the steps for the accomplishment of that, the definition of research questions and search terms, selection of papers, categorization and retrieval of relevant information. For the present study, it was observed that approximately 10% of recovered articles deal with systems of vehicle cooperation, of which most publications occurred in the last year (2016), and the main research centers in this area are located in The United States, China and Italy, with isolated research from a few other countries. With this systematic mapping, it was possible to identify open space for a new research in the scenario of Vehicle Cooperation Systems, focused on nonurban vehicles, particularly using a group of UAVs applied to precision agriculture, as well as identifying the most promising technologies for this development. Finally, the main congresses / events to seek out / publish papers about this topic were presented at the end of this work.","PeriodicalId":435860,"journal":{"name":"2017 Latin American Robotics Symposium (LARS) and 2017 Brazilian Symposium on Robotics (SBR)","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125250955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Non-linear model predictive formation control applied to non-holonomic autonomous mobile robots","authors":"A. Tavares, S. Madruga, A. Brito, T. Nascimento","doi":"10.1109/SBR-LARS-R.2017.8215304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SBR-LARS-R.2017.8215304","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an approach to the formation control problem for autonomous non-holonomic mobile robots using a Non-linear Model Predictive Formation Control (NMPFC) algorithm that employs a leader-follower scheme. An explanation of the the NMPFC problem is given, after which the results of both simulations and experiments with a three robot formation employing the developed algorithm are discussed. The effectiveness and stability against linear and non-linear disturbances are also demonstrated. The results are discussed and future work possibilities are given.","PeriodicalId":435860,"journal":{"name":"2017 Latin American Robotics Symposium (LARS) and 2017 Brazilian Symposium on Robotics (SBR)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121830653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Daniela A. Ridel, P. Shinzato, Ana Rita Pereira, V. Grassi, D. Wolf
{"title":"Obstacle avoidance using stereo-based generic obstacle tracking","authors":"Daniela A. Ridel, P. Shinzato, Ana Rita Pereira, V. Grassi, D. Wolf","doi":"10.1109/SBR-LARS-R.2017.8215284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SBR-LARS-R.2017.8215284","url":null,"abstract":"Obstacle detection and tracking is a fundamental task for several Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) and self-driving cars. Several approaches have been presented in the literature in the last years and many of them are based on visual sensors. In this paper we propose an approach that uses only stereo cameras to detect and track obstacles and compute visual odometry to get the vehicle's ego-velocity. This information is used to compute a safe velocity to travel avoiding collisions with any detected objects. This is an ongoing work and its main contribution is not requiring a full dense disparity map to detect and track obstacles, improving efficiency. It also does not require a previous training step.","PeriodicalId":435860,"journal":{"name":"2017 Latin American Robotics Symposium (LARS) and 2017 Brazilian Symposium on Robotics (SBR)","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122874394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cognitive and robotic systems: Speeding up integration and results","authors":"Helio Azevedo, J. P. R. Belo, R. Romero","doi":"10.1109/SBR-LARS-R.2017.8215337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SBR-LARS-R.2017.8215337","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, state-of-the-art robots are capable of millimetric motion accuracy by performing highly repetitive tasks, however, as a constraint they operate in highly structured environments where objects are in known and predictable locations. Thus, it is not surprising that robots are more often used in high-volume operations such as painting and welding, rather than operations where diversity of actions, direct contact with humans, and variability of the environment meet fundamental requirements. Social robotics is an area of research that aims to make viable the direct interaction of robots with humans in unstructured environments. It uses several techniques, such as, machine learning, cognitive modeling, artificial intelligence, knowledge representation and ontology. One factor that compromises the rapid evolution of social robotics is the difficulty in modeling cognitive systems due to the volume and complexity of information produced by a chaotic world full of sensory information. In addition, the validation of results with the use of real environments involving buildings, streets and people presents a high cost of installation and maintenance. This article offers two strategies to speed up the evolution of social robotics. The first involves the definition of OntCog ontology that models the senses captured by the agent robotic sensors. This modeling facilitates the reproduction of experiments associated with cognitive models and the comparison among different implementations. The second is associated with the development of Robot House Simulator (RHS), which provides an environment where a robot and a human character can interact socially with increasing levels of cognitive processing. An unprecedented feature of this simulator is to provide information about all the senses of the robot, actually only the sense of vision or touch has been considered in the existing robotic simulators.","PeriodicalId":435860,"journal":{"name":"2017 Latin American Robotics Symposium (LARS) and 2017 Brazilian Symposium on Robotics (SBR)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126137584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An embedded system design for a two-axis camera platform control used in unmanned aerial vehicles","authors":"Franco P. L. Franco, D. Loubach, A. Fioravanti","doi":"10.1109/SBR-LARS-R.2017.8215289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SBR-LARS-R.2017.8215289","url":null,"abstract":"The use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to perform various tasks such as product delivery, aerial photography, surveillance and precision agriculture has become increasingly common. Most of the UAV applications use cameras to carry out these tasks. Generally, the cameras are stabilized by platforms known as gimbals, i.e. camera platform, which in turn must react to UAV attitude to minimize the disturbance in the camera. Therefore, the gimbal control becomes essential to allow capturing stable pictures and videos with almost no image processing. Considering this context, this paper introduces a low-cost (i.e., ≈ USD 110) embedded system design and implementation for a two-axis camera platform control used in UAVs. The proposed implementation takes into account the background of three different domains: mechanical, computing and electronics. The main goal is to have a gimbal able to stabilize a camera, with respect to UAV attitude, using permanent magnetic synchronous motors as actuators. Our design also uses an inertial measurement unit (IMU) as a sensor and a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller. Simulated and experimental results show that the developed embedded system was able to successfully respond to a simulated UAV flight envelope, reacting in real-time and minimizing those disturbances.","PeriodicalId":435860,"journal":{"name":"2017 Latin American Robotics Symposium (LARS) and 2017 Brazilian Symposium on Robotics (SBR)","volume":"159 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114539832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Leandro R. Mattioli, D. S. Souza, M. J. Cunha, Alexandre Cardoso
{"title":"Distributed publisher-subscriber architectures performance for robotics virtual reality applications: A case study on MQTT","authors":"Leandro R. Mattioli, D. S. Souza, M. J. Cunha, Alexandre Cardoso","doi":"10.1109/SBR-LARS-R.2017.8215340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/SBR-LARS-R.2017.8215340","url":null,"abstract":"Virtual Reality has been traditionally explored in many robotics systems, with applications such as off-line programming, trajectory planning, teleoperation, education, design, natural user interfaces and rehabilitation. Implementing these features in an all-in-one monolithic solution can be complex and slow. Also, new trends in automation, notably the Internet of Things, represent promissing technological improvements to the robotics field. This paper presents an alternative for developing such distributed and evolutive applications by defining a minimalistic set of commands for physical and virtual robots and integrating them with a publisher-subscriber network, commonly used with Internet of Things. This allows several configurations, depending on the available modules and on which elements subscribe to each topic. Thus, we discuss the performance of a small network comprising 3 agents: one input application acting as a real-time publisher and two subscribers associated with a physical and a virtual robot. All machine clocks are synchronized with the IEEE 1588-2008 protocol and the application packages are stored with timestamps on log files for evaluating metrics such as the package transmission rate and the latency. Results indicate that the overall performance on a local area network for this kind of application is beyond the physical robot's maximum update rate. Further tests might consider other time syncing mechanisms, wireless networks and different configurations with more network nodes.","PeriodicalId":435860,"journal":{"name":"2017 Latin American Robotics Symposium (LARS) and 2017 Brazilian Symposium on Robotics (SBR)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115397243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}