Telos最新文献

{"title":"A Tale of Two Monsters and Four Elements: Variations of Carl Schmitt and the Current Global Crisis","authors":"J. Milbank","doi":"10.3817/1222201127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3817/1222201127","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction This essay is divided into two distinct parts. In the first I shall explore the complex way in which Carl Schmitt’s thought was split three ways: between a Catholic universalism that extends the “law of humanity” to the whole of the globe; a modern defense of the normativity of the absolutely sovereign nation-state; and finally a stress upon the primacy of a more limited civilizational landmass, smaller than that of the whole planet but larger than that of the state. In this third case, it is actually “empire“ that is covertly to the fore and supremely the Western land-based empire that had once been Christendom.","PeriodicalId":43573,"journal":{"name":"Telos","volume":"1 1","pages":"127 - 145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89006751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decentering the “West” and “China” in China–West Comparison","authors":"K. Thornber","doi":"10.3817/0622199065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3817/0622199065","url":null,"abstract":"As the organizers of the series “China and the West: Methodologies for Comparison” have rightly noted, there is abundant scholarship comparing the cultures of “China” and the “West,” or more specifically Han Chinese cultural production and that of Russia and certain Western European nations. A common approach to China–West comparison is examining cases of cross-cultural engagement, in the form of textual reception, translation, transculturation, travel logs, cultural assimilation, and related dynamics. One of the pitfalls of such comparison is that it frequently takes Western cultural production as the norm, the standard against which most everything else is measured. As Shu-mei Shih persuasively argues, “When we put two texts or entities side by side, we tend to privilege one over the other. The grounds are never level. … It is the more powerful entity that implicitly serves as … the presumed, usually Eurocentric, standard.”1 And as R. Radhakrishnan likewise declares, “Comparisons are never neutral: they are inevitably tendentious, didactic, competitive, and prescriptive.”2 To be sure, Radhakrishnan cautions that centrisms can and do go in many directions; he speaks of “awareness of centrism, whether Euro-, logo-, Afro-, Sino-, Indo-, gyno-, or andro-.”3 But in comparative literature, as practiced in the United States and Europe, and even sometimes in China and other parts of the “non-West,” the presumed standard is all too frequently Euro-American.4","PeriodicalId":43573,"journal":{"name":"Telos","volume":"75 1","pages":"65 - 73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86371611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Empire, State, Nation: Glory to Ukraine","authors":"R. Berman","doi":"10.3817/1222201189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3817/1222201189","url":null,"abstract":"The high-water mark of globalization has passed. New competitions continue to emerge in a decidedly multipolar international system. As the United States views China and Russia as strategic competitors or worse, an array of mid-level powers—Iran, North Korea, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, India, the BRICS, and so forth—try to navigate this complex system and pursue their national interests. Meanwhile, no matter how much the United States and the European Union both believe themselves part of a single “West,” divergent interests tend to drive them apart, even as tensions within the EU itself have grown sharper. In order to describe part of this increasingly competitive environment, an analytic distinction between so-called “civilizational states” and “liberal empires” seems to provide a framework to analyze international political processes in starkly contrasting terms.1 To some extent, the two terms repackage the terminology of the Cold War era that contrasted closed and open societies, and if we are indeed entering a new Cold War, the return of these categories is arguably appropriate. Yet more is surely at stake than a repetition of the historical competition between Communism and democracy, and the focus on the contrast between allegedly civilizational states and liberal empires may be missing a key part of the picture. Let’s take a closer look at the two concepts and then ask whether this binary provides an adequate toolkit to understand, for example, the conflict in Ukraine. To anticipate the conclusion: those who celebrate Russia as a “civilizational state” doing battle with the evil “liberal empire” of the West miss the key point in the conflict, the will of the Ukrainian people to assert their autonomy as a nation and to resist foreign occupation.","PeriodicalId":43573,"journal":{"name":"Telos","volume":"30 1","pages":"189 - 200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89491717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the Spectacles of Market Society","authors":"J. Wennström","doi":"10.3817/0922200210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3817/0922200210","url":null,"abstract":"Timothy W. Luke, Screens of Power: Ideology, Domination, and Resistance in Informational Society, revised edition. Foreword by Ronald J. Deibert. Candor, NY: Telos Press Publishing, 2020. Pp. xxiii + 340.","PeriodicalId":43573,"journal":{"name":"Telos","volume":"14 1","pages":"210 - 213"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85218350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tolerance as Suppressed Disapproval","authors":"Tomáš Sobek","doi":"10.3817/0622199107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3817/0622199107","url":null,"abstract":"In this text, I am going to deal with the concept of tolerance. This concept plays a central role in the tradition of liberal thinking. But it is used in literature rather loosely, which has the potential to cause misunderstandings. I will work within the semantic framework of expressivism. I’m not saying that this particular metaethical theory is necessary to understand the concept of tolerance. The main thesis of my text is that tolerance is a second-order attitude. To tolerate X means to suppress one’s own disapproval of X. This thesis is metaethically neutral. The reader can accept it no matter what metaethical theory he holds. Even a moral realist, moral error theorist, or moral constructivist can admit that tolerance is suppressed disapproval. However, expressivism is very suitable for my purpose because it analyzes the meanings of moral sentences in terms of practical attitudes. This semantic framework helps me to test my language intuitions about the concept of tolerance.","PeriodicalId":43573,"journal":{"name":"Telos","volume":"39 1","pages":"107 - 124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86992863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Third Term Comparison","authors":"Sijia Yao","doi":"10.3817/0622199011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3817/0622199011","url":null,"abstract":"To compare, or not to compare? Since when did that become a question? As long as the discipline of comparative literature is situated in the singular discourse of absolute equity, to compare has become a tabooed concept and action. As Zhang Longxi laments, “In the postmodern critique of fundamentals, we are told not to essentialize anything and not to hold things in a metaphysical hierarchy, as though any kind of comparison or differentiation, any value judgment, or any order of things would result in a repressive regime that privileges one and, of necessity, excludes all other alternatives.”1 This reluctance to make value judgments has led the field of comparative literature to turn to world literature as a way of overcoming a Eurocentric bias by integrating discussion of non-European literature. World literature attempts to thereby go beyond national traditions and eliminate bias to promote a universal culture of literature that advocates equity but avoids comparison. David Damrosch sets up an opposition between national literatures and world literature in which the study of the former historically contextualizes a literary text whereas the latter decontextualizes it. In defining world literature, he writes, “I take world literature to encompass all literary works that circulate beyond their culture of origin, either in translation or in their original language.”2 Accordingly, the world literature idea does not establish relationships between cultural traditions. Instead, it focuses on traveling texts in order to set up a universal culture. Zhang Longxi, for instance, tries to imagine a global canon of literature that consists of “a relatively stable set of canonical works from the world’s different literary traditions.”3 This canon does not depend on its development within a particular historical tradition. Instead, such a global canon attempts to establish a worldwide tradition maintained within the minds of some comparative/world literature professors. Zhang Longxi’s recent idea of world literature (which conflicts with his earlier ideas about comparison4) tends to dissolve cultural traditions into a unified world literature as a set of core texts that takes a form of objectivity and universality.","PeriodicalId":43573,"journal":{"name":"Telos","volume":"84 1‐2","pages":"11 - 19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72414408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Doing Western Studies in China: Its Nature and Methods","authors":"Huimin Jin","doi":"10.3817/0622199035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3817/0622199035","url":null,"abstract":"If globalization is understood as Westernization or Americanization, then its opposite would be nationalization or localization. The sociologist Roland Robertson introduced the term “glocalization” to refer to the essence of globalization: “Its central dynamic involves the twofold process of the particularization of the universal and the universalization of the particular.”1 Yet this “twofold process” has never been equally “twofold” and balanced for both sides. If, in its initial stages, “globalization” means that Western powers unilaterally push their economy, politics, and culture onto the entire world, then rather paradoxically it is this same process of Westernizing the “rest” of the world that awakens the national or local consciousness, and thus arouses resistance to it in numerous forms, which is manifested not only in the developing countries that have been subjected to globalization but also in the strong powers like the United States that impose globalization upon others. Globalization produces its opponents, and they are global opponents. For example, it is not that China does not want to continue (economic) globalization today but rather that former global powers are demanding to cut their ties with non-Western countries. It seems that we have ironically come to the opposite side of globalization and started a movement of “de-globalization.”","PeriodicalId":43573,"journal":{"name":"Telos","volume":"37 1","pages":"35 - 47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74385964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Of Civil Wars and Where They Lead: Some Reflections","authors":"G. Melleuish","doi":"10.3817/0322198155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3817/0322198155","url":null,"abstract":"The issue as to what constitutes a “civil war” is an interesting one. The idea that it is something more than an armed conflict is very useful as it allows us to understand those forms of attenuated civil conflict and discord in a more profound way. “Civil wars,” understood as chronic civil conflict, can last for decades, even centuries, with low-level conflict reaching crises that result in violence from time to time.","PeriodicalId":43573,"journal":{"name":"Telos","volume":"22 1","pages":"155 - 158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83550016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Konstantin Krylov’s Ethical Theory and What It Reveals about the Propensity for Conflict between Russia and the West","authors":"P. Grenier","doi":"10.3817/1222201109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3817/1222201109","url":null,"abstract":"The Decline of Liberalism From the perspective of the Russian political philosopher Konstantin Krylov, Russia’s civilizational order is not liberal—in most respects, it is the very opposite of liberal. At the same time, Russia has, over the course of centuries, failed to properly come into its own as its own civilizational type. From Peter the Great to Vladimir Putin, Russia has lingered in a stunted, oversimplified version of its own “Northern” national idea even as it has repeatedly taken up, like children playing at dress-up, the civilizational ideas of others. Like much of the rest of the world, Russia at present is playing at liberalism.1 Writing in the late 1990s (the reader is urged to keep in mind that Krylov’s theory was formulated and put on paper not today but twenty-five years ago), Krylov predicted that Russia’s dalliance with liberalism would play itself out within a decade or so and that by about 2030 Russia would finally come into its own as a civilization of the “Northern” type. What Krylov means by this is something we will get to in due course.","PeriodicalId":43573,"journal":{"name":"Telos","volume":"1 1","pages":"109 - 125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76814398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Neoreaction to Alt-Right: A Schmittian Perspective","authors":"Courtney Hodrick","doi":"10.3817/0322198090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3817/0322198090","url":null,"abstract":"In 2009, libertarian billionaire Peter Thiel wrote, “I no longer believe that freedom and democracy are compatible.”1 Thiel’s statement challenged the basic premise of much of Western politics: the liberal democratic consensus that treats economic freedom and political democracy as two guiding stars to be pursued in tandem.2 In the decade since, the rise in conservative populist movements and leaders from Brexit to Bolsonaro, and particularly the 2016 election of Donald Trump as president of the United States, led many scholars to conclude that the liberal democratic consensus had collapsed–or was never really a consensus to begin with.3 The question then becomes: what will replace liberal democracy?.","PeriodicalId":43573,"journal":{"name":"Telos","volume":"18 1","pages":"90 - 112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75080639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}