Physical Oceanography最新文献

{"title":"Seiсhes Excited by the Atmospheric Disturbances within the Range of the Meteotsunami Periods nearby the Southern Part of the Sakhalin Island","authors":"D. Kovalev, P. Kovalev, M. Khuzeeva","doi":"10.22449/0233-7584-2020-4-437-450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22449/0233-7584-2020-4-437-450","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. The aim of the paper is to study four synoptic situations, in which the seiches energy increase was observed in the coastal zone of the southern part of the Sakhalin Island, and to consider their possible meteorological origin. Methods and Results. Records of the waves obtained in the Institute of Marine Geology and Geophysics in 2008 using both the instruments installed in eight points in the coastal zone of the southern part of the Sakhalin Island, and the synoptic maps provided by the Sakhalin Hydrometeorological Service Department, were used. For all the observation points, four synoptic situations characterized by increase of the seiches energy within the meteotsunami existence range were considered. It is shown that the amplitudes of the main part of the observed waves exceed the criterion equal to 4 xrms. Therefore the events under consideration can be related to meteotsunami; at that, their energy is distributed almost all over the whole range of tsunami waves. When meteotsunami is absent, energy of the sea level oscillations in the range 4–120 min is reduced by an order. Since fluctuations are observed in the coastal zone possessing the resonant properties, arrival of meteotsunamis to these areas eventually results in exciting the seiches which are recorded. It is shown that in the coastal zone, cold fronts generate meteotsunamis, which, in their turn, give rise to seiches. Conclusions. The conditions for generating sea waves by the atmospheric disturbances within the range of the tsunami periods 2–120 minutes are described. It is found that movement of an extended cold front in the east-south direction leads to generation of the large-amplitude seiches in the region of the southern part of the Sakhalin Island, just where all the settlements are located. At a synoptic situation when two cold fronts are moving over the island, generation of high-amplitude seiches is possible in the places, near which a cold front is passing.","PeriodicalId":43550,"journal":{"name":"Physical Oceanography","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46804995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of the Arduino Platform for Recording Wind Waves","authors":"V. E. Smolov, A. Rozvadovskiy","doi":"10.22449/0233-7584-2020-4-467-479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22449/0233-7584-2020-4-467-479","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. The paper describes development of a device (placed on the Arduino platform) for recording wind waves. It is intended for the wave gauge of Marine Hydrophysical Institute, RAS, which is installed and applied at the oceanographic platform in Katsiveli. The device is designed to record and store the wave gauge data in an off-line mode. At that, it is protected from power surges and environmental effects (dust, moisture, temperature drops). Methods and Results. Two versions of the Arduino-placed recording device are represented: for the single- and six-string wave gauges. Their hardware and software are described; block diagram of the applied software algorithms and electrical connection schemes are given. Particular attention is paid to stable functioning of the devices, namely continuity of the data reading, recording and storing, as well as synchronization of the obtained measurement results with the time of record. The example of the sea level elevations recorded in course of a year is cited. Conclusions. Development, construction and testing of the Arduino-placed device for recording wind waves are described in the paper. Since 2015, the off-line operation of the device has shown high efficiency, reliability and stability; at that, the risks of losing the measurement results are minimal.","PeriodicalId":43550,"journal":{"name":"Physical Oceanography","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48752607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Statistical Characteristics of Wave Breakings and their Relation with the Wind Waves’ Energy Dissipation Based on the Field Measurements","authors":"A. Korinenko, V. Malinovsky, V. Kudryavtsev, V. Dulov","doi":"10.22449/0233-7584-2020-5-514-531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22449/0233-7584-2020-5-514-531","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. The work is aimed at studying geometric similarity of wind wave breakings in natural conditions, estimating the Duncan constant which connects the wave energy dissipation conditioned by wave breakings, with distribution of the lengths of a breaking wave fronts Λ(с). Methods and Results. The field measurements of the wave breaking characteristics were carried out at the stationary oceanographic platform located in the Golubaya Bay near the Katsiveli village. Geometric dimensions of the wave breakings’ active phase, velocities and directions of their movement were determined from the video records of the sea surface; simultaneously, the meteorological information was recorded and the surface waves’ characteristics were measured. Altogether 55 video recordings (duration 40–50 mins) of the sea surface were obtained. The measurements were carried out in a wide range of meteorological conditions and wave parameters (wind speed varied from 9.2 to 21.4 m/s). Conclusions. It is found that the probability densities of the ratio between the maximum length of a breaking and the length of a breaking wave, obtained in various wind and wave conditions are similar. The average value of this ratio is 0.1. Distributions of the wave breakings’ total length are constructed in the movement velocity intervals on a surface unit. It is shown that the experimental estimates of dependence of these distributions upon the wind speed and the wave breaking movement velocity are consistent with the theoretical predictions of O.M. Phillips (1985); at that no dependence on the waves’ age was found. Quantitative characteristics of the relation between the wave lengths’ distribution and the energy dissipation are obtained. The Duncan constant was estimated; it turned out to be equal to 1.8·10-3 and independent upon the waves’ and atmosphere parameters.","PeriodicalId":43550,"journal":{"name":"Physical Oceanography","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47854535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probabilistic Characteristics of Intensive Short-Period Internal Waves in the Sea of Japan","authors":"M. Kokoulina, O. Kurkina, E. Rouvinskaya, A. Kurkin","doi":"10.22449/0233-7584-2020-5-545-558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22449/0233-7584-2020-5-545-558","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. The paper is aimed at studying the regional features of the internal waves’ field in the Sea of Japan (the Peter the Great Bay) based on the field data, namely, determination of the internal waves’ statistical characteristics that can be used to predict possibility of generating the waves of extreme amplitudes. Methods and Results. The records of water temperature variability in the Peter the Great Bay (the depth at the point of measurements is 42 m) obtained for October 11 – 20, 2011 were used as the initial data. Sampling frequency of the records was 1 s that permitted to analyze the shape of the short-period internal waves. The data on the salinity vertical distribution near the measurement point was also used. The law of the power density spectrum decay (as applied to the studied record) is well described by the Garrett – Munk model for the Sea of Japan zone being under consideration. The calculated temporal series of density were applied for obtaining the basic statistical characteristics including the statistical moments. Besides, empirical distribution for such parameters as the wave heights, periods and steepness and the wave slope amplitude was approximated by the log-normal distribution law and analyzed. The expected wave heights were forecasted using the Poisson statistics. Conclusions. It is shown that the probabilistic characteristics of the internal waves are described well by the log-normal distribution. Based on repeatability of the internal waves’ heights, probability of appearance of intensive disturbances is estimated. It is shown that within 10 days, occurrence of a short-period wave with the height not less than 7 m is guaranteed at the observation point at the 42 m depth. Keywords intensive internal waves, in situ data, probabilistic characteristics of extreme waves, shelf, Sea of Japan.","PeriodicalId":43550,"journal":{"name":"Physical Oceanography","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42097397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vertical Distribution of Bio-Optical Characteristics of the Azov – Black Sea Basin Waters in April – May, 2019","authors":"T. Efimova, T. Churilova, E. Skorokhod, N. Moiseeva, E. Zemlianskaia","doi":"10.22449/0233-7584-2020-5-571-581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22449/0233-7584-2020-5-571-581","url":null,"abstract":"Цель. Цель работы – исследовать пространственное распределение концентрации хлорофилла а и спектральных показателей поглощения света оптически активными компонентами среды в водах Азово-Черноморского бассейна в период весенней перестройки гидрологической структуры вод. Методы и результаты . В работе использованы результаты исследований, выполненных в 106-м рейсе НИС «Профессор Водяницкий» с 19 апреля по 10 мая 2019 г. Концентрацию хлорофилла а измеряли спектрофотометрическим методом. Определение спектральных показателей поглощения света проводили в соответствии с протоколом NASA 2018 г. Оптические измерения проводили на двулучевом спектрофотометре LAMBDA 35 (PerkinElmer). Показано, что концентрация хлорофилла а в поверхностном слое Черного моря менялась от 0,21 до 1,2 мг/м3. На некоторых глубоководных станциях наблюдалось увеличение содержания пигментов в нижней части зоны фотосинтеза, связанное с началом прогрева поверхностных вод и процессом формирования сезонной стратификации вод. В нижней части зоны фотосинтеза спектры показателей поглощения света пигментами фитопланктона были более сглаженные, чем в поверхностном слое. Вклад неживой взвеси в поглощение света взвешенным веществом на длине волны 438 нм в глубоководной части моря изменялся от 40 ± 15 % на поверхности до 29 ± 12 % на глубине, а в прибрежной части составлял 54 ± 11 %. Вклад растворенного органического вещества в поглощение света взвешенным и растворенным веществом был в среднем 69 %. В Азовском море наблюдалось однородное вертикальное распределение концентрации хлорофилла а (в среднем 6,2 мг/м3) и спектральных показателей поглощения света пигментами фитопланктона. Вклад неживой взвеси в поглощение света взвешенным веществом составлял 40 ± 14 %, а растворенного органического вещества в поглощение света взвешенным и растворенным веществом – 52 ± 6 %. Выводы. Получены новые данные о пространственном распределении концентрации хлорофилла а и спектральных показателей поглощения света оптически активными компонентами среды в период весенней перестройки гидрологической структуры вод Черного и Азовского морей.","PeriodicalId":43550,"journal":{"name":"Physical Oceanography","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43783561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling of Pollution Transport for the Integrated Environmental Monitoring Based on the Adjoint Equations","authors":"Yu. N. Ryabtsev, M. Tsyganova","doi":"10.22449/1573-160x-2020-2-197-209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22449/1573-160x-2020-2-197-209","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43550,"journal":{"name":"Physical Oceanography","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41670523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution of 137Cs in the Surface Layer of the Black Sea in Summer, 2017","authors":"I. Dovhyi, D. Kremenchutskii, N. Bezhin, O. Kozlovskaia, V. V. Milyutin, E. Kozlitin","doi":"10.22449/0233-7584-2020-2-166-175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22449/0233-7584-2020-2-166-175","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. The purpose of the study is to investigate distribution of 137 Cs in the coastal and deep-water part of the Black Sea. To achieve this goal, the following scientific problems has to be solved: choosing a method for concentrating 137 Cs from seawater samples, seawater sampling and 137 Cs concentrating, measurements of the obtained samples, discussion of the obtained results and their comparison with the available scientific literature data. Materials and Results. Distribution of 137 Cs activity in the coastal and deep-water part of the Black Sea was studied. The in situ data on spatial-temporal variability of the 137 Cs volumetric activity field in the Black Sea surface layer obtained in course of the 95 th cruise of the R/V \"Professor Vodyanitsky\" in June, 14–July 7, 2017 were used. The data on the radionuclide vertical distribution in the sea active layer were obtained at a number of stations. 22 seawater samples were taken and processed at 11 stations. To separate 137 Cs from seawater, a ferrocyanide sorbent of the FCC brand was first applied; it was intentionally developed for selective recovery and separation of 134 Cs and 137 Cs radionuclides from the technological processing solutions and radioactive waste water. Conclusions. According to the results, the volumetric activity of 137 Cs varied spatially in the range 5.7–8.8 Bq/m 3 and amounted on average 6.9 ± 0.2 Bq/m 3 . Within the active layer boundaries, vertical distribution of 137 Cs was found to be uniform. activity analysis, Black Sea, active layer, spatial-temporal variability, sorption, selective sorbent. Acknowledgments: the study was carried out within the framework of the state task No. 0827-2020-0003 “Oceanological processes”, methodological aspects of sorption were studied at the RFBR financial support within the framework of scientific project No. 19-33-60007.","PeriodicalId":43550,"journal":{"name":"Physical Oceanography","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42632099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulation of Bottom Phytocenosis in the Crimean Coastal Zone","authors":"E. Vasechkina, T. A. Filippova","doi":"10.22449/1573-160x-2020-3-317-334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22449/1573-160x-2020-3-317-334","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. The work is aimed at simulating production processes in the bottom phytocenosis typical of the rocky soils in the Crimean coastal zone. The macroalgae uptake of the main nutrients (phosphates, ammonium and nitrates) and release of oxygen and dissolved compounds are planned to be estimated. Methods and Results. The study was based on the balance model of the macroalgae growth and interaction with the environment. The model empirical parameters were determined from the published data of the laboratory experiments. The bottom phytocenosis in the model was represented by seven algae species: Cystoseira barbata, Ulva lactuca, Ceramium tenuicorne, Cladophora glomerata, Polysiphonia nigrescens, Phyllophora truncata, Enteromorpha prolifera. The main simulation results were: annual estimates of the released and absorbed substances, seasonal dynamics of the macroalgae biomass and evaluation of the bottom phytocenosis response to the changing environmental conditions. The rate of the production processes in the model was influenced both by the external (water temperature, insolation and concentration of nutrients in water) and internal (intracellular quotas of nitrogen and phosphorus, and species-specific parameters determining efficiency of nutrient assimilation by the algae tissues) factors. According to the simulation results, the ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus in the algae tissues was significantly higher than that in the seawater and varied from 30 to 60 for different species depending on water temperature, light exposure and concentration of nutrients. Conclusions. During the periods of intensive macroalgae growth (from April to September), the rate of nitrogen and phosphorus uptake can increase by a factor of 1.5 in comparison with the winter period. Maximum contribution to water purification from the surplus nutrients was made by the green algae: Ulva lactuca, Cladophora glomerata and Enteromorpha prolifera. At that Cladophora glomerata has shown the best adaptive abilities (minimal decrease in the growth rate) under a sharp drop of nutrients concentration in water.","PeriodicalId":43550,"journal":{"name":"Physical Oceanography","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46382687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research Expeditions Performed by Marine Hydrophysical Institute in the Sivash Bay Waters in Spring and Autumn, 2018","authors":"E. Sovga, Е. Eremina, А. А. Latushkin","doi":"10.22449/0233-7584-2020-2-176-185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22449/0233-7584-2020-2-176-185","url":null,"abstract":"55–60‰. Purpose. The results of the expeditionary studies performed by Marine Hydrophysical Institute in the Sivash Bay waters in spring and autumn, 2018 are considered in the paper. Its aim is to continue comprehensive investigation of the bay after the North Crimean channel was closed in 2014, and to evaluate dynamics of salinity, dissolved organic and total suspended matters in its waters affected by the changed anthropogenic and natural-climatic factors. Relevance of the studies carried out in the bay water area is conditioned by urgent necessity in developing and implementing a modern system of environmental monitoring of the bay. Methods and Results . The data obtained during two expeditions in spring and autumn, 2018 in the Sivash Bay waters including the present borders of the Eastern Sivash wetland are analyzed. At 13 stations, water salinity was determined by the refractometric and pycnometric methods, while the dissolved organic matter and the total suspended matter – by the «Kondor» biophysical complex. Conclusions. It is concluded that due to the fact that the North Crimean channel was closed in 2014, salinity of the Sivash Bay water continues to change and its ecosystem is being rebuilt. The observed salinity increase is not the same in different parts of the bay. The highest salinity values were observed in the Southern Sivash and amounted 92–93%, whereas at the same stations in 2016, this value constituted 55–60%. During the autumn survey, assessment of seasonal dynamics of the total suspended matter and the dissolved organic matter contents yielded high values of concentrations of these two parameters in the bay. In spring when the dissolved organic matter distribution is more monotonous, the slightly increased total suspended matter content was observed at the stations in the Southern Sivash. Bay, Eastern and Southern Sivash, Sea of Azov, seasonal salinity dynamics, total suspended matter, dissolved organic matter.","PeriodicalId":43550,"journal":{"name":"Physical Oceanography","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44892648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction of the Chlorophyll a Fluorescence Quenching in the Sea Upper Mixed Layer: Development of the Algorithm","authors":"N. Moiseeva, T. Churilova, T. Efimova, D. Matorin","doi":"10.22449/0233-7584-2020-1-66-74","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22449/0233-7584-2020-1-66-74","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. Data from the immersion fluorescence sensors of the CTD complex and BioArgo floats are widely used for studying spatial and temporal variability of the chlorophyll a concentration on large scales. In these devices the fluorescence sensors are not equipped with a dark chamber; as a result, a part of the reaction centers of photosystem 2 is closed due to the sunlight effect. It is manifested in decrease of the measured fluorescence intensity in the upper mixed layer due to fluorescence quenching, while the chlorophyll a concentration can remain unchanged. The purpose of the work is to develop the algorithm for correcting the fluorescence quenching. Methods and Results. It is shown that photosynthetically available radiation decreases with depth within the upper mixed layer by almost an order, and the chlorophyll a fluorescence measured by the immersion sensor (without a dark chamber), increases with depth in this layer. Relationship between light intensity and share of open reaction centers of photosystem 2 in cell of microalgae was revealed. The relationship is described by the exponential function. The share of open centers effects on the degree of fluorescence intensity decreasing and therefore on fluorescence quenching induced by light. Conclusions. The universal algorithm for correcting fluorescence quenching in the upper mixed layer is proposed. Due to its correction, almost uniform fluorescence distribution is obtained in the upper mixed layer which is in a good consistence with the results of chlorophyll a concentration measurements in situ.","PeriodicalId":43550,"journal":{"name":"Physical Oceanography","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43450592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}