Physical Oceanography最新文献

{"title":"Phase Structure of Fluid Fluctuations with a Floating Elastic Ice Plate under Nonlinear Interaction of Progressive Surface Waves","authors":"A. Dubinin, T. P. Demidova, M. N. Rimskaya-Korsakova, L. S. Semilova, O. Ocherednik","doi":"10.22449/1573-160X-2019-1-32-46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22449/1573-160X-2019-1-32-46","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43550,"journal":{"name":"Physical Oceanography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47061773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling of the Biochemical Processes in the Benthic Phytocenosis of the Coastal Zone","authors":"E. Vasechkina, T. A. Filippova","doi":"10.22449/0233-7584-2019-1-47-62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22449/0233-7584-2019-1-47-62","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction . A simulation model of bottom phytocenosis based on object-oriented approach to marine ecosystems was proposed. Data and methods . The dynamic model of macroalgae growth is based on the system of ordinary differential equations describing the processes of photosynthesis and production of organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus uptake, and extraction of organic matter and oxygen into the environment. Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), water temperature, a content of nutrients in the water were chosen as the control variables. Results . The model allows an estimation of nitrogen and phosphorus content in algae tissues, rate of photosynthesis, actual parameters of uptake nutrients and extraction of organic matter depending on the control variables. Analytical solutions for the steady state of a system at constant control variables were obtained. Parameterization of photosynthetic and kinetic parameters of seaweed using their de-pendencies of the specific surface of thalli was proposed. The growth of red macroalga Gracilaria biomass over a year was simulated with a preset dynamics of control variables (for the Southern Coast of Crimea). Yearly oxygen production, nitrogen and phosphorus uptake and accumulated quan-tity of these elements in algae tissues were calculated; the volume of organic matter coming to the next trophic level (benthic organisms and finfish) was estimated. The results correspond to the pub-lished observational ecosystem data in the region under study. Discussion and conclusion . The developed model will be used as a separate unit simulating the dynamics of bottom phytocenosis in a three-dimensional object-oriented physical-chemical-biological model of the marine ecosystem. surface of thalli.","PeriodicalId":43550,"journal":{"name":"Physical Oceanography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41684247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling of Water Pollution Propagation in the Sevastopol Bay","authors":"V. Belokopytov, A. Kubryakov, S. F. Pryakhina","doi":"10.22449/0233-7584-2019-1-5-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22449/0233-7584-2019-1-5-15","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Tracking of spread of various contaminations and elaboration of the operational systems to control wrecking discharges are among the important tasks of marine environment monitoring. The processes of transport of the contaminating impurity inflowing from different sewers were modeled based on the diagnostic calculations of water circulation in the Sevastopol Bay. Data and Methods. The currents field was calculated using the sigma-coordinate version of the Princeton Ocean Model adapted for the regional conditions in the Sevastopol Bay. To calculate the polluting impurity transport, the model of the matter transfer and diffusion was incorporated into the circulation model. The data on the wind speed and direction obtained at the Sevastopol met office, the temperature, salinity and density climatic fields calculated using the information of 2.7 thousands hydrological stations in the Sevastopol Bay, average seasonal variations of the River Chernaya water discharge and the digital bottom relief with spatial resolution 68 m were used in the model. Analysis of Results. Numerical experiments on the contaminant propagation from the point of possible discharge in the Gollandiya Bay reveal that dependence of the pollutant movement trajectory (direction) upon the pattern of water circulation is most evident in the Yuzhnaya Bay and less manifested in the central part of the Sevastopol Bay. In case of a wrecking discharge in the River Chernaya mouth, a contaminant spot, regardless of wind conditions, moves to the northwest and reaches the Gollandiya Bay. Further evolution of the polluted water volume is similar to the process developing after a sewage discharge directly within the Gollandiya Bay. Discussion and Conclusions. The carried out numerical calculations confirm operatioinal capability of the model and its adequate reproduction of the physical processes under study. It permits both to model the circulation seasonal variation and the thermohaline structure of the Sevastopol Bay waters, and to describe more accurately trajectories of the contaminants’ spread.","PeriodicalId":43550,"journal":{"name":"Physical Oceanography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43335842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research Vessel Deneb: 10 Years of Marine Scientific Research","authors":"G. Matishov, O. Stepanyan","doi":"10.22449/0233-7584-2018-6-548-555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22449/0233-7584-2018-6-548-555","url":null,"abstract":"Study of natural and anthropogenic processes in the southern seas of Russia is a priority task of the Southern scientific center of Russian Academy of Sciences. Annually for 15 years, the Southern scientific center of RAS carried out sea expeditions in the south of Russia. The year of 2017 was marked as a 10-year anniversary of the first expedition of the R/V Deneb in the Azov and Black seas. During a five-year period from 2012 to 2016, 36 complex expeditions in the Azov and Black seas were carried out by R/V Deneb ; the oceanographic database was enriched with the data of 3500 oceanological stations, more than 11,000 samplings were done at more than 900 complex hydrobiological stations. The expeditionary materials enlarged the oceanographic database of the Southern scientific center: the field and archival data permitted to assess long-term dynamics of organic matter and carbon, the Azov Sea transparency and salinity and to calculate the characteristics of small-scale variability of temperature, salinity, internal waves and level fluctuations in the Azov and Black seas. The research in the Black Sea provided extensive synchronous data which characterize current state of the most vulnerable psammophilic benthic communities at the depths of 2–20 m. The estuaries of small rivers at their junction with the sea were studied in details. The new data on distribution and quantitative characteristics of jelly-like-, phyto- and pico-plankton over the whole shelf area of the Russian sector of the Black Sea is obtained. The Black Sea population of newcomers – Holland crabs (Rhitropanopaeus harrisi tridentate) – living exclusively in the sea canyons with unstable salinity was studied. The metagenomic approaches applied to study the plankton communities in the Azov and Black seas, were used to obtain new data on diversity and structure of marine bacterial communities. The oceanological observation data on the environment conditions in the Azov and Black seas are annually directed to the Hydrographic department of the Black Sea Navy of Russian Federation where it is used in the field service. on data","PeriodicalId":43550,"journal":{"name":"Physical Oceanography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48726020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vertical Structure of Current Velocity Shears in the Main Pycnocline of the Black Sea Based on the in situ Data in 2016","authors":"A. Morozov","doi":"10.22449/0233-7584-2018-6-515-522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22449/0233-7584-2018-6-515-522","url":null,"abstract":"The characteristic features of the averaged vertical structure of the current velocity shears are discussed based on the analysis of the LADCP/CTD data collected in three expeditions of the R/V “Professor Vodyanitsky” in the northern Black Sea in 2016: the 87 th cruise (June, 30 – July, 18); the 89 th cruise (September, 30 – October, 20) and the 91 st cruise (November, 16 – December, 5). The maximum of the shear average profile is noted in the main pycnocline layer in the vicinity of the buoyancy frequency maximum. The ratio of the shear mean square to the buoyancy frequency mean square increases almost monotonously with depth from 0.1 to 0.4 in the layer 50–350 m that can indicate (at a qualitative level) relative intensification of turbulent vertical mixing in the lower part of the main pycnocline. The mean profiles of the shear vector rotation angle relative to its direction on the horizon 15 m are given. On the average, the shear vector rotates clockwise and makes about two rotations in the main pycnocline layer. The revealed rotation of the shear vector is due to influence of the internal waves propagating downward at the close to inertial frequency. The hodographs of the current velocity shear exhibiting a well-pronounced rotation with depth are shown. Considered is the example of calculating the parameters of a near-inertial internal wave using the current velocity shear and deformation based on the data of one of the stations.","PeriodicalId":43550,"journal":{"name":"Physical Oceanography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42370190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental Research of Statistical Characteristics of Wind Wave Breaking","authors":"A. E. Korinenko, V. Malinovsky, V. Kudryavtsev","doi":"10.22449/0233-7584-2018-6-534-547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22449/0233-7584-2018-6-534-547","url":null,"abstract":"Приводятся результаты анализа характеристик обрушений ветровых волн (длина, скорость, направление движения), которые были получены в Черном море в сентябре – октябре 2015 г. с океанографической платформы в Кацивели. Обрушения регистрировались видеокамерой синхронно с измерениями ветрового волнения и метеопараметров. Для идентификации обрушений по видеозаписям использовался алгоритм, основанный на расчете порога, который определяется при анализе функции распределения вариаций яркости видеосигнала. Используемая в эксперименте оптическая аппаратура позволяла надежно идентифицировать обрушения, генерируемые волнами с длинами более 4 м и фазовыми скоростями, превышающими 2,5 м/с. Полученные данные хорошо соответствуют модельным представлениям О. М. Филлипса, разработанным для равновесного интервала спектра ветровых волн. Приводятся гистограммы скоростей обрушений при скоростях ветра 10–16 м/с. Показано, что при развивающемся волнении фазовая скорость обрушивающихся волн может достигать скорости ветровых волн спектрального пика, в то время как при развитом волнении не наблюдалось обрушений со скоростями, превышающими половину фазовой скорости волн спектрального пика. Плотности вероятности длин обрушений в измеряемом диапазоне скоростей ветра описываются степенным законом с показателем степени –3,23. Распределение ориентаций обрушений хорошо описывается степенью косинуса угла, при этом показатель степени линейно уменьшается с 5 до 4 с ростом скорости ветра от 10 до 16 м/с.","PeriodicalId":43550,"journal":{"name":"Physical Oceanography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49111614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On Near-Horizon Maximum Brightness of Cloudless Sky","authors":"V. Bakhanov, A. Demakova, V. Titov","doi":"10.22449/0233-7584-2018-6-477-488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22449/0233-7584-2018-6-477-488","url":null,"abstract":"На основе модели однократного рассеяния солнечного света рассматривается угловая структура яркости безоблачного неба. Показано, что в рамках данной модели описывается так называемый пригоризонтный максимум яркости неба. Анализируется физический механизм возникновения этого максимума, объясняется зависимость его положения от длины волны света. При увеличении длины волны света максимум яркости безоблачного неба сдвигается к горизонту. Это связано с тем, что оптическая толщина атмосферы уменьшается с увеличением длины волны. Проводится сравнение с экспериментальными угловыми характеристиками яркости неба, полученными с помощью цифровых фотоснимков горизонта, сделанных на океанологической платформе. Анализируется возможность оценки оптической толщины атмосферы по угловому положению пригоризонтного максимума яркости неба. Предложен алгоритм оценки указанной характеристики для некоторого значения длины волны света, основанный на графическом «обращении» зависимости углового распределения яркости безоблачного неба от оптической толщины атмосферы. С помощью предложенного алгоритма по цифровым фотоснимкам горизонта моря получены оценки оптических толщин атмосферы для трех спектральных диапазонов света R, G, B. Анализируется «устойчивость» алгоритма к ошибкам в определении азимута солнца относительно наблюдателя. Полученные оценки оптических толщин атмосферы практически совпадают с известными результатами натурных измерений аналогичных характеристик. Изложенный подход к восстановлению значений оптической толщины атмосферы позволяет развить используемую модель яркости неба с учетом рассеяния света более высоких кратностей. Полученные значения оптических толщин можно использовать в моделях углового распределения яркости безоблачного неба для оценки статистических характеристик волнения дистанционным оптическим методом.","PeriodicalId":43550,"journal":{"name":"Physical Oceanography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43176632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assimilation of Satellite Observations of the Chlorophyll-a Concentration and the Calculated Data on the Marine Environment Dynamics in the Adaptive Model of the Ecosystem of the Black Sea Northwestern Shelf","authors":"I. Timchenko, I. Naumenko, E. M. Igumnova","doi":"10.22449/0233-7584-2018-6-556-569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22449/0233-7584-2018-6-556-569","url":null,"abstract":"The model of the sea upper layer ecosystem based on the equations of the adaptive balance of causes method is proposed. The scheme of the cause-effect relations from the paper by Fasham, Ducklow and McKelvie constituting the nitrogen cycle reactions in the sea upper layer is used in the model. Parameterization of biochemical reactions of the substance interaction is substituted in this model for the normalized ratios of the substances’ average concentrations resulted from analyzing the observations of the biochemical fields of the Black Sea northwestern shelf. The satellite-derived chlorophylla concentrations as well as the data on advection and diffusion obtained from calculations of intraannual variability of the current velocity field in the sea upper sea layer using the hydrodynamic model, are used as the external influencing factors. Being regarded as the external influencing factors, the information was used for calculating the deviations of the biochemical fields’ concentrations from their average values assumed to be a stationary state of the ecosystem. The observations were assimilated through including the sources’ additional functions (representing the assimilated data) to the right parts of the adaptive ecosystem model equations. The regional maps of the biochemical fields permitting to analyze their spatial-temporal variability in 2015 were constructed. The drawn conclusion confirms utility of the proposed approach used for mapping the biochemical fields of the sea upper layer.","PeriodicalId":43550,"journal":{"name":"Physical Oceanography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49346762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Field of the Dissolved Organic Matter Content in the Taganrog Bay (the Sea of Azov)","authors":"P. Lomakin","doi":"10.22449/0233-7584-2018-6-501-514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22449/0233-7584-2018-6-501-514","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the actual and climatic oceanological data, the notions on composition of the field of the dissolved organic matter content in the Taganrog Bay, from the Don River mouth to the Azov Sea adjacent water areas are obtained. The features of the natural marginal filter of the Don mouth and the runoff waters in the bay are considered. Significant heterogeneity in the field of the considered characteristic (its concentration exceeds the natural standard in the Don mouth) is revealed, that can probably be a consequence of the dissolved organic matter anthropogenic sources, in other words, waste waters from the settlements. The pronounced frontal section, i. e. a natural marginal filter, was revealed in the field of the dissolved organic matter concentration. It was located along the maritime part of the Don River mouth within the narrow shore strip (its width is approximately 0.5–1.0 miles). Across this natural marginal filter, the dissolved organic matter concentration reduced abruptly towards the open sea. Up to 50% of the dissolved organic matter brought to the marine part of the Don mouth remained on the filter. It is revealed that salinity and the dissolved organic matter content in the marginal filter area are closely bound by the backward correlation dependence with the coefficient -0.87. It is shown that the dissolved organic matter concentration in the Taganrog Bay decreases in the area between the marginal filter and the runoff front from 20 to 3 mg/l, and complete transformation of the bay waters saturated with the dissolved organic matter is observed in the runoff front which, in course of the major part of a year, is located at the bay outlet. Seaward off the front external boundary (isohaline 10 PSU), the fields of salinity and dissolved organic matter content are characterized by spatial homogeneity with the 10-13 PSU salinity and the dissolved organic matter concentration 1-3 mg/l which are typical of the Azov Sea open water areas. It is found that weakly pronounced vertical stratification of the field of the dissolved organic matter concentration is peculiar to all the studied water areas.","PeriodicalId":43550,"journal":{"name":"Physical Oceanography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45531064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Variance of the Black Sea Level Oscillations in a Wide Range of Frequencies","authors":"I. Medvedev","doi":"10.22449/0233-7584-2018-6-489-500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22449/0233-7584-2018-6-489-500","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the long-term observations in the Black Sea, the features of spatial distribution of the sea level oscillations’ variance in five different frequency ranges were studied. The series of the hourly sea level observations carried out at 23 coastal tide gauges were used to analyze mesoscale and synoptic variability. To assess seasonal and inter-annual sea level variability, long-term monthly average level values obtained at the stations of Varna, Ust-Dunaisk, Odessa, Sevastopol, Tuapse, Poti, and Batumi were used. The hourly observations permitted to calculate the sea level spectra for the periods 2 hours – 70 days, and the monthly average sea level values – the spectra for the periods 70 days – 10 years. Formation of the Black Sea level oscillations’ spectrum was analyzed in a wide frequency range. For each of five chosen ranges of frequency variability, its contribution to the total energy of non-tidal sea level variations was quantitatively assessed. Variance of inter-annual sea level oscillations in the Black Sea is relatively homogenous and is within 28 to 37 cm 2 . The range of seasonal sea level oscillations is wider: 16–37 cm 2 . The intra-annual sea level oscillations differ significantly depending on the region: the smallest values are recorded in Sevastopol – 20 cm 2 , the largest ones – in Poti and Kasperovka – up to 35 cm 2 . In general, synoptic and mesoscale sea level oscillations testify to substantial inhomogeneity in the variance distribution over the water area. The highest values resulting from the surface wind effect are observed in the shallow northwestern part of the Black Sea. At the stations of the Caucasian coast of the Black Sea (Tuapse, Poti, Batumi) and near the Crimean coast (Sevastopol), variance of the seasonal and intra-annual sea level oscillations exceeds that of the synoptic ones by about 1.5–2 times, whereas in the Black Sea northwestern part, the greatest contribution to the total sea level variance is made by the synoptic component. Acknowledgements: the study is carried out within the framework of the state task of FASO, Russia on the theme No. 0149-2018-0015 “Tectonics of the deformed lithosphere plates and geodynamic evolution of the ocean lithosphere: geodynamic evolution of the Arctic and the transition zone from the Pacific Ocean to Eurasia; development of catastrophic and potentially dangerous processes in the subduction zones, marginal and internal seas, and coastal zone, analysis of their geo-ecological consequences; assessment and genesis of minerals of the continental remote areas and intra-oceanic regions, marginal and internal seas” and at financial support of the RFBR grant No. 16-35-60071 “Study of the mechanism of the level oscillation formation in the Baltic, Black and Caspian seas in the period ranges from hours to years based on the data of coastal and satellite observations, as well as numerical modeling”.","PeriodicalId":43550,"journal":{"name":"Physical Oceanography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47495461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}