{"title":"Opportunities for Demand Controlled Ventilation","authors":"K. Cooper","doi":"10.1177/109719639702000303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/109719639702000303","url":null,"abstract":"M ODERN HOUSES HAVE been built more airtight in order to reduce drafts, to avoid condensation damage, and to reduce energy use. However, the increased airtightness has resulted in increased levels of pollutant concentration from building materials and from occupant-related activities. Continuous ventilation is used to improve the indoor air quality in these tightly built houses. However, this continuous ventilation results in high heating and cooling energy losses and high operating energy use due to fans. The high heating energy losses can be reduced if heat recovery is used, however, the heat recovery systems are quite expensive to install. In order to break out of this cycle of creating problems with each new solution, we need a better understanding of the problem. Solutions should be developed that have minimal impact on other systems. The problem consists of two parts: ~ high levels of building airtightness, which, at times, result in inadequate amounts of fresh air being supplied by natural means, to dispose of the missions from ~ pollutant sources A significant fraction of new conventional houses in Canada are sufficiently airtight that some pollutant concentrations are exceeding safe levels [1]. The new National Energy Code for Houses and energy efficient housing programs are encouraging even tighter houses. Houses in the R-2000 pro-","PeriodicalId":435154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermal Envelope and Building Science","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117009911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Equivalent Wall as a Dynamic Model of a Complex Thermal Structure","authors":"E. Kossecka, J. Kośny","doi":"10.1177/109719639702000306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/109719639702000306","url":null,"abstract":"The idea of the \"thermally equivalent wall,\" the plane mul tilayer structure of dynamic characteristics similar to those for complex structure, in which three-dimensional heat flow occurs, is presented. The notion of structure factors is introduced and the conditions they impose on response factors are derived. Examples of complex structures are analyzed. For the same examples, thermally equivalent walls were generated. Response factors for the nominal complex structures were compared with the response factors for equivalent walls. The good accuracy in reproducing the response factors indicates that the \"thermally equivalent wall\" may be used as a sub stitute of a wall with thermal bridges in building design energy simulations.","PeriodicalId":435154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermal Envelope and Building Science","volume":"128 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116353454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Contact Resistance in a Steel-Framed Wall","authors":"H. Trethowen, I. Cox-Smith","doi":"10.1177/109719639602000205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/109719639602000205","url":null,"abstract":"This paper sets out to answer, experimentally, the question \"how much influence does the contact tightness between steel frame and facings have on the overall thermal resistance of a wall panel?\" The contact tightness has been equated to the mean contact gap between those two items. Accurate methods for both control and measurement of this gap have been utilised for this task. The experiment was devised so that precision adjustments to the contact gap could be made externally, and the wall panel was repeatedly adjusted and its thermal resistance measured, with no disturbance to any other part of the wall. The results showed that the mean contact gap could be adjusted between a mini mum of 0.5 mm and a chosen maximum of 3 mm. Variations solely in the tightness of fit between frame and facing (equated here to the mean contact gap) were found to produce up to -30% variation (16% per face), from 1.30 to 1.51 m20C/W, in the rated R-Values of the test panels studied. The effect was moderately linear.","PeriodicalId":435154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermal Envelope and Building Science","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116606188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Case Study of Upgrading an Existing Residential Building Relating to Energy Conservation in China","authors":"Xu Peng, Yi Cheng, Sui Chengfei, Zhao Lihua","doi":"10.1177/109719639602000204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/109719639602000204","url":null,"abstract":"The thermal behaviors of specimens and an upgraded prototype residential building are measured in laboratory and in situ in this study. The research shows that the proposed insulation system can save as much as 50 percent of the energy through it while the field measurements basically indicate the ability for the retrofitted residential dwelling to meet the requirements set by the Ministry of Construction in China in terms of energy conservation, i.e., 30 percent reduction of the overall energy consumed by newly-built buildings. This retrofitted practice presented in this paper is generally accepted as an example that has instructive influence commercially as well as environmentally over nearly 90 percent of the total existing buildings in cold regions of China.","PeriodicalId":435154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermal Envelope and Building Science","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116151412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Royal Bank Letter Published by Royal Bank of Canada","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/109719639602000201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/109719639602000201","url":null,"abstract":"\"People are our most valuable asset\" has become more than a cliché for or gamzations in which more work is done by fewer workers. To capitalize on that asset, the human factor should rank first among managerial priorities ...","PeriodicalId":435154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermal Envelope and Building Science","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133175777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Retro-Specs Membrane Testing and Inspection System","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/109719639602000203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/109719639602000203","url":null,"abstract":"Commercial membrane systems control water and air leakage through the building envelope, however, these membrane systems are only as effective as the quality of the installation. We have set the stage for detecting water and air leakage problems in a localized area. Installation deficiencies or imperfections are most common at seams, component junctions, T-joints, and penetrations such as screws or masonry ties. The most structurally critical elements of the building envelope are therefore the most vulnerable to air and water leakage-induced damage. Retro-Specs Ltd. of Winnipeg introduced a tool to the North American commercial construction market, which focuses directly on this problem, locating leakage points during construction. The AIRSURE testing unit is a single-operator device which isolates an individual detail, applies a pressure differential across the membrane, and provides a visual means of locatmg a point of leakage. The patented test method takes only seconds, and is performed as follows:","PeriodicalId":435154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermal Envelope and Building Science","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130294147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Applying the DIPAC Model to Predict the Long-Term Thermal Performance of Extruded Polystyrene Foam","authors":"M.R. Hofton","doi":"10.1177/109719639602000206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/109719639602000206","url":null,"abstract":"The application of a model to predict long-term thermal perfor mance of extruded polystyrene foam aged under laboratory conditions and tested in laboratory equipment is described. No attempt was made to validate the model using foam aged and measured under service conditions A technique to determine key variables such as the mass extinction coefficient, imtial blowing agent fraction, and blowing agent diffusion rate from fitting data to the aging curves of thin slices is ex plained. Two separate examples are used to show how the model may be used to predict ag ing of extruded polystyrene foam for up to three and one-half years by comparing calculated aging curves with actual behaviour. It was concluded that this model is an excellent research tool, but is too complex to use on a routine basis in its present form.","PeriodicalId":435154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermal Envelope and Building Science","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130063303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Research and Development Highlights from Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/109719639602000202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/109719639602000202","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":435154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermal Envelope and Building Science","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116364632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Use of Generalized Limit States Method for Design of Building Envelopes for Durability","authors":"Mark Bomberg, D. Allen","doi":"10.1177/109719639602000104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/109719639602000104","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces a generalized limit states (GLS) method for evaluating long-term performance of building envelopes. The limit states method was originally developed for the design of structures to satisfy performance require ments for safety and serviceability. However, it may be generalized to address durabi lity of building envelopes. The approach used in this paper involves selecting a re quired period of service (design life) for the component of the building envelope, and then to evaluate the envelope for durability by applying the GLS method.","PeriodicalId":435154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermal Envelope and Building Science","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126476061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Report from CMHC","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/109719639602000103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/109719639602000103","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":435154,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Thermal Envelope and Building Science","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124082729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}