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Grammatical and cognitive factors shaping the conceptualization of motion events 塑造动作事件概念化的语法和认知因素
IF 0.5
Languages in Contrast Pub Date : 2021-12-07 DOI: 10.1075/lic.21005.zay
Katharina Zaychenko
{"title":"Grammatical and cognitive factors shaping the conceptualization of motion events","authors":"Katharina Zaychenko","doi":"10.1075/lic.21005.zay","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/lic.21005.zay","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Motion event construal gives insight into the nature of the linguistic and conceptual representations underlying\u0000 the encoding of events. Studies show that event descriptions differ cross-linguistically due to, amongst other factors, the\u0000 absence or presence of grammatical aspect. While speakers of aspect languages generally focus on the process, speakers of\u0000 non-aspect languages tend to perceive the event holistically and focus on endpoints. This investigation examines visual\u0000 endpoint salience as a further factor that shapes event encoding. Thus, in this model, grammatical aspect is seen as\u0000 a part of a more complex system of factors that determine event construal. The analyses, which cover German speakers, English\u0000 speakers, and German-speaking learners of English, involve linguistic production data and results from memory performance tests.\u0000 The findings show that the focus on endpoints increases for salient stimuli. While German speakers and learners of English show a\u0000 tendency to focus on endpoints, a clear preference for focusing on the process can be observed in English speakers. Verbalizing\u0000 endpoints correlates with the ability to remember them in a memorization task. The implications of these outcomes are discussed in\u0000 the context of two factors which shape event encoding: grammatical aspect and endpoint salience.","PeriodicalId":43502,"journal":{"name":"Languages in Contrast","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75553241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Contact-induced grammatical change? 接触引起的语法变化?
IF 0.5
Languages in Contrast Pub Date : 2021-08-27 DOI: 10.1075/lic.20001.kos
Eva Kosmata, Barbara Schlücker
{"title":"Contact-induced grammatical change?","authors":"Eva Kosmata, Barbara Schlücker","doi":"10.1075/lic.20001.kos","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/lic.20001.kos","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The paper discusses how language contact and borrowing can be established as a critical factor of quantitative\u0000 and/or qualitative changes of abstract grammatical patterns, in particular if languages are genetically and areally closely\u0000 related and thus structurally similar. More specifically, it deals with the question of whether the word-formation pattern of\u0000 proper name compounding in German and Dutch is an instance of grammatical borrowing from English, as is often claimed in the\u0000 literature. To this end, we conduct a structural analysis of the pattern in the three languages based on original and translation\u0000 corpus data. We show that the pattern which, at first glance, seems to be identical in all three languages has in fact different\u0000 properties in each language. Although this does not necessarily preclude transfer from English, we conclude that there is no\u0000 evidence in favour of such an influence.","PeriodicalId":43502,"journal":{"name":"Languages in Contrast","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73068387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
Engaging with customer’s emotions 关注顾客的情绪
IF 0.5
Languages in Contrast Pub Date : 2021-07-20 DOI: 10.1075/lic.19016.per
M. Pérez Blanco, Marlén Izquierdo
{"title":"Engaging with customer’s emotions","authors":"M. Pérez Blanco, Marlén Izquierdo","doi":"10.1075/lic.19016.per","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/lic.19016.per","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Informational-persuasive discourse may be encoded in promotional strategies through which a given product is\u0000 described in a positive way to persuade potential customers. For this, evaluation may appeal to reason or may tickle emotions\u0000 (Cook, 2001). This study compares the way in which advertising texts for herbal tea\u0000 engage with customers’ emotions in English and in Spanish. We examined the strategies of ‘enjoying the experience’ and ‘aesthetic\u0000 appeal’ from an Appraisal Theory approach (Martin and White, 2005). We categorised\u0000 these according to the attitude sub-systems of ‘affect’, ‘appreciation’, and ‘judgement’, determined how explicit the evaluation\u0000 was, and identified gradable resources. Results show that English texts display more ‘affect’-like resources that can awaken a\u0000 desire in the customer. By contrast, in the Spanish sample ‘appreciation’ resources that evaluate the composition of the product\u0000 play a greater role. ‘Enjoying the experience’ seems to engage with the customers’ emotions more overtly than ‘aesthetic\u0000 appeal’.","PeriodicalId":43502,"journal":{"name":"Languages in Contrast","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81987146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A questionnaire-based study of impersonalization in Romanian and English 罗马尼亚语和英语非人格化的问卷研究
IF 0.5
Languages in Contrast Pub Date : 2021-05-21 DOI: 10.1075/LIC.20004.RAD
V. Radulescu, Daniël Van Olmen
{"title":"A questionnaire-based study of impersonalization in Romanian and English","authors":"V. Radulescu, Daniël Van Olmen","doi":"10.1075/LIC.20004.RAD","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/LIC.20004.RAD","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is the first contrastive study of impersonalization in Romanian and English. Taking an acceptability judgment approach, we describe the functional potential in all impersonal uses of not only the pronouns ‘one’, ‘you’ and ‘they’ but also the lesser studied passive. We find inter alia: a similar division of labor in the languages between ‘you’ and ‘they’ for contexts paraphrasable as, respectively, ‘everyone’ and ‘someone/some people’; a wider range of uses for pro-dropped ‘they’ than for its overt counterpart, as hypothesized in previous research; and a preference in English, but not Romanian, for passives to ‘they’ especially in contexts like ‘they’ve stolen my wallet!’, where the referent is entirely unidentifiable and likely to be singular. Levels of identifiability and number, each of which has been suggested in a separate semantic map as necessary for capturing impersonalization, are also shown to interact, supporting a proposal to combine them in one map.","PeriodicalId":43502,"journal":{"name":"Languages in Contrast","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88906096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Review of Georgiafentis, Giannoulopoulou, Koloipoulou & Tsokoglou (2020): Contrastive Studies in Morphology and Syntax Georgiafentis, Giannoulopoulou, Koloipoulou & Tsokoglou(2020):形态和句法的对比研究综述
IF 0.5
Languages in Contrast Pub Date : 2021-04-20 DOI: 10.1075/LIC.21003.CAT
Nicholas Catasso
{"title":"Review of Georgiafentis, Giannoulopoulou, Koloipoulou & Tsokoglou (2020): Contrastive Studies in Morphology and Syntax","authors":"Nicholas Catasso","doi":"10.1075/LIC.21003.CAT","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/LIC.21003.CAT","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43502,"journal":{"name":"Languages in Contrast","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75984942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Paraphrase and parallel treebank for the comparison of French and Chinese syntax 意译和平行树库，用于比较法语和汉语的语法
IF 0.5
Languages in Contrast Pub Date : 2021-04-20 DOI: 10.1075/LIC.20002.POI
Rafaël Poiret, Simon Mille, Haitao Liu
{"title":"Paraphrase and parallel treebank for the comparison of French and Chinese syntax","authors":"Rafaël Poiret, Simon Mille, Haitao Liu","doi":"10.1075/LIC.20002.POI","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/LIC.20002.POI","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This paper proposes to study the contrastive syntax of French and Chinese through the lens of syntactic mismatches, and by making use of parallel treebanks. A syntactic mismatch is the non-similarity between the syntactic structures of one linguistic unit and its translation. Syntactic mismatches are formalized using the notion of paraphrase from the Meaning-Text Theory, which allows for capturing mismatches at different levels of the linguistic description (e.g. Semantic, Deep-Syntactic, and Surface-Syntactic). In this paper, we report in details on the types of paraphrases found in the seed corpus used, demonstrating that the Deep-Syntactic paraphrases constitute the best starting point for our study. Then, we show how, starting from the seed corpus, we semi-automatically constructed a multi-layer parallel treebank with the alignment and annotation of paraphrases.","PeriodicalId":43502,"journal":{"name":"Languages in Contrast","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87189572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
On nonce echo constructions expressing disapproval and annoyance 在表示不赞成和烦恼的非正式的回声结构上
IF 0.5
Languages in Contrast Pub Date : 2021-02-15 DOI: 10.1075/LIC.20003.SAN
J. A. Sánchez Fajardo
{"title":"On nonce echo constructions expressing disapproval and annoyance","authors":"J. A. Sánchez Fajardo","doi":"10.1075/LIC.20003.SAN","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/LIC.20003.SAN","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The aim of this paper is to explore and contrast the morphosyntactic and semantic features of two equivalent nonce echo constructions (NECs) expressing disapproval and annoyance (i.e. don’t (you) X me and ni X ni Y) in colloquial English and Spanish. A NEC is defined as a reactive clause containing duplicated words of the initiative, showing the property of nonceness, and having a communicative goal. Two types of NECs are found in both languages: an attitudinal echo construction and a referential one, the former being more idiomatic than the latter. Based on the premise that texts are necessarily dialogic, two sets of examples are obtained from English corpora (The Movie Corpus, The TV Corpus, and the Corpus of American Soap Operas); and from two Spanish corpora and a dataset (CREA, CORPES XXI, and the Dataset of Spanish Dialogic Texts Online). Findings suggest that both languages show negative and restricted syntactic templates. Variables are coinages that originate from the processes of conversion in English (e.g. don’t you John me) and gender polarity in Spanish (e.g. ni luna ni *luno). Hence, although both types of variables are morphologically novel and contextually meaningful, Spanish variables are generally ungrammatical and unlikely to exist outside the discursive frame under study.","PeriodicalId":43502,"journal":{"name":"Languages in Contrast","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79567122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Vocative melodies in Spanish and English 西班牙语和英语的呼召旋律
IF 0.5
Languages in Contrast Pub Date : 2021-02-02 DOI: 10.1075/lic.19023.rob
Sergio Robles-Puente
{"title":"Vocative melodies in Spanish and English","authors":"Sergio Robles-Puente","doi":"10.1075/lic.19023.rob","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/lic.19023.rob","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study aims to describe the melodic contours used in Spanish and English calling vocatives in order to identify cross-linguistic similarities and differences. Additionally, it also explores how the sociopragmatic factor of formality may condition contour choices in both languages. 18 speakers of Spanish and 18 speakers of English produced a total of 432 one-word vocatives in formal and informal situations. The analyses of the F contours revealed that, although Spanish and English share multiple melodies in this speech act (e.g. L+H* L%, L* H% and L+H* !H%), some tones are language-specific (e.g. L+H* HL% for Spanish). In addition, a General Linear Mixed Model confirmed that these contours are not equally attested in all contexts and that the formality of the situation can condition their use.","PeriodicalId":43502,"journal":{"name":"Languages in Contrast","volume":"94 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90979801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Modelling crosslinguistic n‑gram correspondence in typologically different languages 类型学上不同语言的跨语言n图对应建模
IF 0.5
Languages in Contrast Pub Date : 2021-01-12 DOI: 10.1075/lic.19018.mil
Jiří Milička, V. Cvrček, L. Lukešová
{"title":"Modelling crosslinguistic n‑gram correspondence in typologically different languages","authors":"Jiří Milička, V. Cvrček, L. Lukešová","doi":"10.1075/lic.19018.mil","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/lic.19018.mil","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract N‑gram analysis (popularized e.g. by Biber et al., 1999 ) has become a popular method for the identification of recurrent language patterns. Although the extraction of n‑grams from a corpus may seem straightforward, it proves to be very challenging when applied cross-linguistically (cf. e.g. Ebeling and Ebeling, 2013 ; Granger and Lefer, 2013 ; Cermakova and Chlumska, 2017 ). The major issue is that the quantities of n‑grams of a certain length in typologically different languages do not correspond. Consequently, n‑grams of a given length may function differently across languages, rendering a direct comparison inadequate. Our paper introduces a function capable of modelling the relation between the quantities of n‑grams in typologically distant languages, using the example of Czech and English (and some other language pairs). Based on our model, we can suggest what n‑gram lengths should be contrasted to better reflect the size of n‑gram inventories in each language. The correspondence may not be intuitive (e.g. a Czech 2-gram may best correspond to an English 2.5-gram), but it still provides researchers with a general guide as to what might be useful to include in their analysis (e.g. in this case 2-grams in Czech and 2- and 3-grams in English).","PeriodicalId":43502,"journal":{"name":"Languages in Contrast","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74422945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Mapping Eurolects 映射Eurolects
IF 0.5
Languages in Contrast Pub Date : 2020-12-11 DOI: 10.1075/lic.19017.mor
Laura Mori, Benedikt Szmrecsanyi
{"title":"Mapping Eurolects","authors":"Laura Mori, Benedikt Szmrecsanyi","doi":"10.1075/lic.19017.mor","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/lic.19017.mor","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Based on the description of EU legislative varieties covering EU directives and their national laws of\u0000 implementation in 11 languages, we are interested in the extent to which Eurolects are similar to each other, above and beyond\u0000 trivial genealogical similarities. We thus utilise a variation-oriented aggregative analysis technique to address these questions:\u0000 (a) What is the precise extent to which Eurolects are similar to each other? (b) Are similarities predicted by extra-linguistic\u0000 affinities? (c) Do factors such as EU accession dates and language policy play a role in shaping the Eurolect clusters? Our\u0000 methodology starts out from a meticulously catalogued list of corpus-based and corpus-driven lexical and grammatical features. Through the observed\u0000 presence or absence of these features, we calculate in a second step the aggregate linguistic distances between all of the\u0000 Eurolects. Finally, in step three, we use a well-established technique, Multidimensional Scaling, to visualize and interpret the\u0000 Eurolect landscape.","PeriodicalId":43502,"journal":{"name":"Languages in Contrast","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91363554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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