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Protesting Power-Sharing: Placing the Thawra in Recent Waves of Contentious Politics 抗议权力分享：将塔乌拉人置于近期的争议政治浪潮中
IF 1
Middle East Law and Governance Pub Date : 2024-07-24 DOI: 10.1163/18763375-16020006
John Nagle
{"title":"Protesting Power-Sharing: Placing the Thawra in Recent Waves of Contentious Politics","authors":"John Nagle","doi":"10.1163/18763375-16020006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18763375-16020006","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article places the <em>Thawra</em> within recent waves of protest politics in so-called divided societies, particularly the <em>Plenum</em> (Bosnia 2014) and <em>Tishreen</em> (Iraq 2019) protests. It examines the thematic connections between protest waves in relation to contesting consociational power-sharing governance, which has been deployed in Lebanon, Iraq, and Bosnia in the aftermath of civil war or political violence. While protests have addressed a range of issues – corruption, weak and failing public services, and rising unemployment levels – these various strands have been successfully distilled into powerful critiques of the ethnosectarian elites who perpetuate polarization and of the system itself. Towards this, I identify three significant frames developed by protestors in relation to power-sharing: The “People” versus the “Elites”, Trans-sectarian Belonging, and Participatory Citizenship.</p>","PeriodicalId":43500,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Law and Governance","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141780948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
NGOization and Politicization of Aid 非政府组织化和援助政治化
IF 1
Middle East Law and Governance Pub Date : 2024-07-24 DOI: 10.1163/18763375-16020004
Clothilde Facon-Salelles
{"title":"NGOization and Politicization of Aid","authors":"Clothilde Facon-Salelles","doi":"10.1163/18763375-16020004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18763375-16020004","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper focuses on the political economy of aid to determine its impact on Lebanon’s politics of sectarianism. I approach NGOization as a political process that normalizes a situation where citizens are accustomed to functioning without the state, and as an economic process creating a parallel economy. Both trends have expanded with the current crisis. I posit that politics of sectarianism feeds on NGOization: they allow sectarian elites to outsource aid, manage discontent and depoliticize <span style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\">ngo</span> s and <span style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\">cso </span>s, while silencing potential challenges to their order. Thus, organizations aiming to transform the political system lack visibility and leverage, while their space of operation has been shrinking. I also explore the role of international aid on the continuity and durability of the Lebanese state and its neo-patrimonial and clientelist governance mode. NGOization is further reinforced by the fact that national <span style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\">ngo </span>s have been co-opted by foreign donors, which has the effect of depoliticizing their discourse and action.</p>","PeriodicalId":43500,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Law and Governance","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141780947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Rethinking Power-Sharing in Post-War Lebanon: The Case for a Pluralist and Multi-Level Research Agenda 反思战后黎巴嫩的权力分享：多元化和多层次研究议程的理由
IF 1
Middle East Law and Governance Pub Date : 2024-07-24 DOI: 10.1163/18763375-16020002
Tamirace Fakhoury, Miriam Aitken
{"title":"Rethinking Power-Sharing in Post-War Lebanon: The Case for a Pluralist and Multi-Level Research Agenda","authors":"Tamirace Fakhoury, Miriam Aitken","doi":"10.1163/18763375-16020002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18763375-16020002","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To what extent is power-sharing theory, used as one of the key conceptual frameworks for Lebanon’s political system, still relevant for charting a way forward amid the country’s cumulative crises? This article heeds the call to position research on Lebanon’s power-sharing in a pluralist research agenda that speaks to a wider knowledge base and to a broader set of everyday policy problems. This agenda articulates itself around three axes: first, building on interdisciplinary research perspectives; second, looking at post-war Lebanon through multi-level and relational perspectives beyond the focus on power-sharing theory and “deeply divided societies” as focal paradigms for exploring conflict mitigation; and third, feeding into critical policy perspectives that probe people’s everyday struggles.</p>","PeriodicalId":43500,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Law and Governance","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141780950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Women’s Religious Agency and the Positioning of the Mosque: a Case Study of State-Sponsored Female Preaching in Egypt 妇女的宗教代理权与清真寺的定位：埃及国家支持的女性布道案例研究
IF 1
Middle East Law and Governance Pub Date : 2024-07-24 DOI: 10.1163/18763375-16020001
Dina Hosni
{"title":"Women’s Religious Agency and the Positioning of the Mosque: a Case Study of State-Sponsored Female Preaching in Egypt","authors":"Dina Hosni","doi":"10.1163/18763375-16020001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18763375-16020001","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper captures women’s religious agency and their bonding with the mosque by taking a snapshot of the discourse and experiences of female preachers, appointed by the Egyptian Ministry of Endowments, who were confronted with the closure of mosques within the outbreak of the <span style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\">covid</span>-19 pandemic. Though these female preachers have managed to perform their preaching roles while being detached from the mosque, their spiritual affinity to the mosque could not escape notice. This paper argues that the detachment of the female preachers from the mosque due to <span style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\">covid</span>-19 offers a novel conceptualization of ‘religious’ agency that could be partially ascribed to their attachment to the mosque, not as a locale for their ‘official’ or ‘semi-official’ affiliation with the state, but as a ‘sacred’ extension of the private space of the home.</p>","PeriodicalId":43500,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Law and Governance","volume":"90 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141780951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Lebanon’s Endemic Power-Sharing Dilemmas and their Manifestation in the Beirut Blast 黎巴嫩特有的权力分享困境及其在贝鲁特爆炸事件中的体现
IF 1
Middle East Law and Governance Pub Date : 2024-07-24 DOI: 10.1163/18763375-16020005
Alessandra Thomsen
{"title":"Lebanon’s Endemic Power-Sharing Dilemmas and their Manifestation in the Beirut Blast","authors":"Alessandra Thomsen","doi":"10.1163/18763375-16020005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18763375-16020005","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This article examines how Lebanon’s power-sharing arrangements, embedded within the politics of sectarianism, entrench “recurring dilemmas” that undermine political change, reform, and accountability. The three dilemmas uncovered in this article include the propensity of Lebanon’s power-sharing system to political deadlock, its institutionalization of impunity, as well as its veritable disconnect from grassroots demands. This article focuses on the case of the Beirut blast and demonstrates how the tragedy represents a microcosm of the convergence of these power-sharing dilemmas. The analysis highlights the limitations of Lebanon’s power-sharing system. It suggests that as long as the current sectarian power-sharing system remains in place, the system’s endemic dilemmas will continue to manifest and preclude meaningful reform, effective policy making and justice.</p>","PeriodicalId":43500,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Law and Governance","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141780946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
“We are the Revolution, Abroad”: Diaspora Protests, Identity Construction, and the Remaking of Citizenship in the 2019 Lebanese Thawra "我们是革命，在海外"：散居国外者的抗议、身份建构以及 2019 年黎巴嫩 Thawra 活动中公民身份的重塑
IF 1
Middle East Law and Governance Pub Date : 2024-07-24 DOI: 10.1163/18763375-16020007
Miriam Aitken
{"title":"“We are the Revolution, Abroad”: Diaspora Protests, Identity Construction, and the Remaking of Citizenship in the 2019 Lebanese Thawra","authors":"Miriam Aitken","doi":"10.1163/18763375-16020007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18763375-16020007","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Diasporas are often viewed as mirrors for their homeland’s politics. The Lebanese diaspora’s involvement in the 2019 <em>Thawra</em>, however, established the diaspora as a locus for autonomous and disruptive political action. Through an analysis of the spatialities of protest, this paper analyses the diaspora’s involvement in the <em>Thawra</em>, its implications for the protest movement, and for the diaspora itself. It argues that diaspora protests gave rise to new tactics and protest repertoires. These mirrored protest activity on the ground, supported protestors in Lebanon, and constituted the diaspora as a locus for contestation and claims-making. Moreover, the diaspora’s mobilization in the <em>Thawra</em> contributed to the consolidation of diasporic identity and the construction of alternative societal imaginaries and conceptions of citizenship that challenge Lebanon’s state-centric and sectarian citizenship regime. This paper thus makes the case for reassessing the autonomous political role of diasporas to gain a fuller understanding of transnational protest dynamics, solidarities, and citizenship beyond the boundaries of the nation-state.</p>","PeriodicalId":43500,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Law and Governance","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141780949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Lebanon’s ‘Concomitant Crises’ and Consociationalism as a Leading Form of Conflict Management 黎巴嫩的 "并发危机 "与作为冲突管理主要形式的联合主义
IF 1
Middle East Law and Governance Pub Date : 2024-07-24 DOI: 10.1163/18763375-16020003
Allison McCulloch
{"title":"Lebanon’s ‘Concomitant Crises’ and Consociationalism as a Leading Form of Conflict Management","authors":"Allison McCulloch","doi":"10.1163/18763375-16020003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18763375-16020003","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Consociationalism is often perceived as a go-to response to ethnicized conflict, a form of ‘political prescription’ proffered by both external mediators and domestic constitutional designers alike. Power-sharing theory posits that extended periods of cross-community cooperation can lessen divisions, allowing the system to give way to more ‘normal’ politics. However, increasing evidence from Lebanon and elsewhere tracks a different set of incentives. Rather than facilitating a virtuous cycle of cooperation and consensus, a more vicious cycle of immobilism, intransigence, and institutional collapse emerges. In Lebanon, this has coincided with a set of intersecting political, economic, and humanitarian crises. This paper outlines how consociationalism’s causal logic has undergone a full reversal in Lebanon, maps the manifestations and implications for the country, and reflects on what power-sharing theory can learn from Lebanon’s consociational experience.</p>","PeriodicalId":43500,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Law and Governance","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141780945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
“In Between” East and West: A Comparative Approach to Cinematic Portrayals of Female Lawyers "介于 "东西方之间：比较电影中的女律师形象
IF 1
Middle East Law and Governance Pub Date : 2024-05-13 DOI: 10.1163/18763375-16010002
Anna Chronopoulou
{"title":"“In Between” East and West: A Comparative Approach to Cinematic Portrayals of Female Lawyers","authors":"Anna Chronopoulou","doi":"10.1163/18763375-16010002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18763375-16010002","url":null,"abstract":"<p>On-screen female advocates have been the subject of investigation in a growing body of literature over the past two decades. Celluloid depictions of women lawyers in the Middle East are less common. This paper attempts to fill this gap by examining two films: <em>In Between</em> and <em>The Accused</em>. These films were chosen for two reasons. First, they constitute rare cinematic representations of female lawyers’ personal lifestyles and the way these lifestyles inform professional identity. Secondly, they evoke detraditionalized versions of gender while emphasising the construction of new on-screen femininities not that far off from modern day legal practice. This paper consists of three parts. The first part examines the striking similarities in the way both films portray female lawyers as role models and outsiders in the legal profession. The second part situates the discussion of the two films within the consumer-based, pleasure-seeking attitude associated with the new aesthetics of legal practice. The third part draws parallels between the fictional representations of the female lawyers in the two films and the reality of legal practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":43500,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Law and Governance","volume":"121 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141058666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Monitoring the Legal and Social “Passing” of Muslim Minority Citizens in Greece 监测希腊穆斯林少数民族公民的法律和社会 "通行证
IF 1
Middle East Law and Governance Pub Date : 2024-05-13 DOI: 10.1163/18763375-16010001
Jasmine Samara
{"title":"Monitoring the Legal and Social “Passing” of Muslim Minority Citizens in Greece","authors":"Jasmine Samara","doi":"10.1163/18763375-16010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18763375-16010001","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the Greek region of Thrace, the category of Muslim “Minority” citizen has long had social and legal consequences. But is it possible to evade minority status by avoiding recognition as a Muslim? This paper analyzes two representations of “passing” – attempts to access majority status or rights by avoiding classification as Muslim. The first, a Greek <span style=\"font-variant: small-caps;\">tv</span> drama, depicts a young man’s social passing as he struggles to conceal his Minority identity. The second – an example of legal passing – depicts a man avoiding legal classification as a Muslim to have his estate administered under Greek civil rather than Islamic inheritance law. Analyzing “passing” across these contexts illuminates anxieties around minority legibility and how legal and social practices intersect to regulate identity and rights. This analysis problematizes how popular culture representations may unsettle or reinforce the idea of Muslims as a discrete, separately administrable, population of citizens.</p>","PeriodicalId":43500,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Law and Governance","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141058667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Explaining Sectarian Dynamics in the Syrian Governorate of Deir Ezzor Through the Lens of Instrumentalism and Historical Sociology 从工具论和历史社会学的角度解释叙利亚代尔祖尔省的教派动态
IF 1
Middle East Law and Governance Pub Date : 2024-01-26 DOI: 10.1163/18763375-20231413
Haian Dukhan, Mohammed Hassan
{"title":"Explaining Sectarian Dynamics in the Syrian Governorate of Deir Ezzor Through the Lens of Instrumentalism and Historical Sociology","authors":"Haian Dukhan, Mohammed Hassan","doi":"10.1163/18763375-20231413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18763375-20231413","url":null,"abstract":"This paper traces the rise of sectarianism in the Syrian governorate of Deir Ezzor from the 1970s up to the current civil war. To this end, this research will focus on answering two main questions: “what factors made sectarianism prevalent in Deir Ezzor after 2003?” and “how did attempts by the Syrian regime, Iran, and Islamists to use sectarianism to mobilize people, lead to the catastrophe in Deir Ezzor during the Syrian civil war?” The primordial framework that considers sectarianism to be a consequence of age-old religious differences between Sunni and Shiʿite Muslims is rejected in this paper. This paper shows that a better understanding of sectarianism can be found through a synthesis of instrumentalism and historical sociology. The historical sociology framework provides an understanding of how adverse socioeconomic conditions and security threats in Deir Ezzor led to the rise of sectarianism, whilst instrumentalism explains how the regime, Iran, and the Islamists used sectarian identities to retain control over the population of Deir Ezzor.","PeriodicalId":43500,"journal":{"name":"Middle East Law and Governance","volume":"214 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139578850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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