South African Journal of Bioethics and Law最新文献_第9页

Critiquing the ethics review process in the 2019 Nieuwoudt et al. study on the impact of age and education on cognitive functioning among coloured South African women 2019年Nieuwudt等人关于年龄和教育对南非有色人种女性认知功能影响的研究中对道德审查过程的批评

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South African Journal of Bioethics and Law Pub Date : 2021-04-19 DOI: 10.7196/SAJBL.2021.V14I1.00703

A. Strode, W. Freedman, Z. Essack, H. Rooyen

{"title":"Critiquing the ethics review process in the 2019 Nieuwoudt et al. study on the impact of age and education on cognitive functioning among coloured South African women","authors":"A. Strode, W. Freedman, Z. Essack, H. Rooyen","doi":"10.7196/SAJBL.2021.V14I1.00703","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7196/SAJBL.2021.V14I1.00703","url":null,"abstract":"In April 2019, Nieuwoudt et al . published an article on the impact of age and education on cognitive functioning among coloured women in the Western Cape Province, South Africa (SA). The study reported that coloured women in SA have increased risk for low cognitive functioning, as a result of limited education and unhealthy lifestyles. The article was widely criticised, and the journal subsequently withdrew the piece. It was argued that the study was unethical as it perpetuated racial stereotypes through its failure to recognise the distinction between race and ethnicity when undertaking biological research on a race group. The study had received ethical approval, which raised pertinent questions about the ethics review process. This article looks at ( i ) the role of research ethics committees (RECs); and ( ii ) the normative framework within which ethics committees operate. It avers that an understanding of the ethical issues of scientific validity, fair subject selection and minimising harms must be viewed in the light of the complex social issues surrounding the construction of coloured identity in SA. The article finds that the REC should have considered this study unapprovable, because its methodology was based on racist assumptions, and its focus on one race or ethnic group posed social risks for that community. The REC ought to have interrogated why researchers were unclear in their distinction between race and ethnicity, and have been mindful of race being a social rather than a biological construct.","PeriodicalId":43498,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Bioethics and Law","volume":"14 1","pages":"11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49311463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Physician-assisted suicide and euthanasia – who are the vulnerable? 医生协助自杀和安乐死——谁是弱势群体?

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South African Journal of Bioethics and Law Pub Date : 2021-04-19 DOI: 10.7196/SAJBL.2021.V14I1.00701

A. Donkin

引用次数: 0

The Brave New World: Should we tread down the path to human germline editing? 美丽新世界:我们应该踏上人类生殖细胞编辑的道路吗?

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South African Journal of Bioethics and Law Pub Date : 2021-04-19 DOI: 10.7196/SAJBL.2021.V14I1.00713

S. Soni

引用次数: 1

Enabling the use of health data for research: Developing a POPIA code of conduct for research in South Africa 使健康数据能够用于研究：为南非的研究制定持久性有机污染物信息倡议行为守则

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South African Journal of Bioethics and Law Pub Date : 2021-04-19 DOI: 10.7196/SAJBL.2021.V14I1.00740

C. Staunton, R. Adams, M. Botes, J. D. Vries, M. Labuschaigne, G. Loots, S. Mahomed, N. N. Loideáin, A. Olckers, M. Pepper, A. Pope, Michéle Ramsay

引用次数: 3

Ivermectin and the rule of law 伊维菌素与法治

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South African Journal of Bioethics and Law Pub Date : 2021-03-16 DOI: 10.7196/SAJBL.2021.V14I2.763

D. Thaldar

引用次数: 1

Factors influencing truth-telling by healthcare providers to terminally ill cancer patients at Ocean Road Cancer Institute in Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania 坦桑尼亚达累斯萨拉姆海洋路癌症研究所医疗保健提供者向癌症绝症患者进行真相推销的影响因素

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South African Journal of Bioethics and Law Pub Date : 2020-12-15 DOI: 10.7196/SAJBL.2020.V13I2.00706

R. Athanas, F. Gasto, S. J. Renatha

{"title":"Factors influencing truth-telling by healthcare providers to terminally ill cancer patients at Ocean Road Cancer Institute in Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania","authors":"R. Athanas, F. Gasto, S. J. Renatha","doi":"10.7196/SAJBL.2020.V13I2.00706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7196/SAJBL.2020.V13I2.00706","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Widely accepted international clinical ethics standards and Tanzania’s national cancer treatments guidelines mandate that healthcare providers give patients the information they want or need in an understandable way. However, adherence to these standards is low particularly in developing countries. In Tanzania, little is known regarding the views and practice of disclosure of diagnosis and prognosis to cancer patients. Objective: In this study, we aimed at examining the factors influencing truth-telling by healthcare providers to terminally ill cancer patients at Ocean Road Cancer Institute (ORCI) in Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania. Methods: We conducted semi-structured interviews with a purposive sample of healthcare providers (n=13) and terminally ill cancer patients (n=8) in English and Swahili. The interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and translated to English. Results: Study findings show unsatisfactory experience of truth-telling according to international clinical standards. Many healthcare providers emphasized many barriers including: limited communication skills, limited time, a high volume of patients and lack of privacy for communication. Patients’ preferences and readiness to information as well as family collusion were identified as barriers, whereas communalism was identified as facilitator to truth-telling. Conclusion: We identified several barriers and facilitators of truth-telling that may be targeted in order to promote high-quality communication at ORCI. Our results support advocacy for improvements like: training for clinical communication skills and information sharing, space designated to enhance privacy, deliberate efforts to employ enough providers to care for the increasing volume of patients, and need of counselling session with patients and family members prior to clinical information disclosure","PeriodicalId":43498,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Bioethics and Law","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43372792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Factors associated with refusal of hospital treatment at Odi District Hospital, Gauteng Province, South Africa 南非豪登省Odi区医院拒绝住院治疗的相关因素

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South African Journal of Bioethics and Law Pub Date : 2020-12-15 DOI: 10.7196/SAJBL.2020.V13I2.00688

D. Nzaumvila, L. Mabuza, M. Mogotsi, T. Bongongo, C. Saidiya

{"title":"Factors associated with refusal of hospital treatment at Odi District Hospital, Gauteng Province, South Africa","authors":"D. Nzaumvila, L. Mabuza, M. Mogotsi, T. Bongongo, C. Saidiya","doi":"10.7196/SAJBL.2020.V13I2.00688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7196/SAJBL.2020.V13I2.00688","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background Medical consultation entails shared doctor-patient decision making. However, in certain cases disagreement between the two parties may lead to patient refusal of hospital treatment (RHT). At Odi District Hospital, patients opted for RHT at the accident and emergency (A&E) department and in wards. The study aimed at determining factors related to the RHT. Methods This was a cross-sectional descriptive study of patient files with a record of RHT from 2017 to 2018. They were traced using the register books and 241 were obtained: A&E (160), obstetrics and gynaecology (2), internal medicine (24), orthopaedics (2), paediatrics (12) and surgery (41). Eighteen files were excluded for incomplete data, 223 remained for analysis. Results More males and the single signed RHT 139 (62.33%) and 152 (68.16%), respectively. RHT was frequent towards the end of the day (p = 0.041), at A&E (59.5%) and as a result of family related matters (31.84%). Other factors related to RHT were the first-time consultation at A&E (p < 0.0001, CI 3.238–11.051), being young (p < 0.0001, CI: 0.1071–0.2451), having co-morbidities (p = 0.0072, CI: 0.4222-0.8647) and a long stay in the wards (p=0.0003, CI 1.382–3.275). Conclusion RHT was more prevalent among males, the young, single and unemployed patients. More RHTs occurred towards the end of the day, at A&E, among those who had long hospital stay, those with family related matters and those with co-morbidities. These identified factors should guide prioritisation in intervention strategies aimed at curbing RHT at Odi District Hospital","PeriodicalId":43498,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Bioethics and Law","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44986403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

COVID-19: What should employers do if employed health professionals such as doctors and nurses refuse to treat COVID-19 patients despite being provided with the required personal protective equipment? COVID-19:如果受雇的卫生专业人员(如医生和护士)尽管提供了所需的个人防护装备，但仍拒绝治疗COVID-19患者，雇主应怎么办?

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South African Journal of Bioethics and Law Pub Date : 2020-12-15 DOI: 10.7196/SAJBL.2020.V13I2.00733

D. Mcquoid-mason

引用次数: 1

COVID-19 vaccines: Equitable access, vaccine hesitancy and the dilemma of emergency use approvals 新冠肺炎疫苗：公平获取、疫苗犹豫和紧急使用批准的困境

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South African Journal of Bioethics and Law Pub Date : 2020-12-15 DOI: 10.7196/SAJBL.2020.V13I2.00754

A. Dhai

引用次数: 2

Multidisciplinary specialist treatment teams and abandonment of patients – who is responsible for what? 多学科专家治疗团队和遗弃患者——谁对什么负责?

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South African Journal of Bioethics and Law Pub Date : 2020-12-15 DOI: 10.7196/SAJBL.2020.V13I2.00704

D. Mcquoid-mason

{"title":"Multidisciplinary specialist treatment teams and abandonment of patients – who is responsible for what?","authors":"D. Mcquoid-mason","doi":"10.7196/SAJBL.2020.V13I2.00704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7196/SAJBL.2020.V13I2.00704","url":null,"abstract":"The legal and ethical position of treating specialists whose contractual relationship with a patient has been prematurely terminated by the patient or themselves is discussed. The validity of a mandated parent terminating the treatment of a mentally and legally competent patient by a surgeon member of a specialist team is discussed. After a contractual relationship between a treating specialist and a patient has been prematurely terminated, the specialist concerned still owes a duty of care towards the patient under the law of delict - until a new specialist in the field has been properly briefed by the previous treating specialist to take over the treatment of the patient. Such previous treating specialists may not rely on other specialists in the multidisciplinary treatment team, who are not specialists in the field, to take over the treatment of the patient, or to brief the new specialist on the patient’s condition. In such circumstances, the original treating specialist may be held liable for abandoning their patient. As a general rule, members of a multidisciplinary team may not treat patients outside their speciality – except in emergency situations. In the latter case, however, they cannot rely on emergency as a partial defence, when they themselves have created the emergency. Such members of the team may be cited as joint wrongdoers, if without good cause their conduct contributes to the harm caused by the original treating specialist, after the latter has left the team and abandoned their patient by not ensuring that another specialist in their field had been briefed to take over the patient.","PeriodicalId":43498,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal of Bioethics and Law","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2020-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47168534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0