Alan Davidson, I. Glesk, Adrianus Buis, Junjia Wang, Lawrence R. Chen
{"title":"Recent advancements towards green optical networks","authors":"Alan Davidson, I. Glesk, Adrianus Buis, Junjia Wang, Lawrence R. Chen","doi":"10.1117/12.2084956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2084956","url":null,"abstract":"Recent years have seen a rapid growth in demand for ultra high speed data transmission with end users expecting fast, high bandwidth network access. With this rapid growth in demand, data centres are under pressure to provide ever increasing data rates through their networks and at the same time improve the quality of data handling in terms of reduced latency, increased scalability and improved channel speed for users. However as data rates increase, present technology based on well-established CMOS technology is becoming increasingly difficult to scale and consequently data networks are struggling to satisfy current network demand. In this paper the interrelated issues of electronic scalability, power consumption, limited copper interconnect bandwidth and the limited speed of CMOS electronics will be explored alongside the tremendous bandwidth potential of optical fibre based photonic networks. Some applications of photonics to help alleviate the speed and latency in data networks will be discussed.","PeriodicalId":434989,"journal":{"name":"Wave and Quantum Aspects of Contemporary Optics","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123066165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ł. Gorajek, S. Gogler, M. Kaśków, M. Piasecki, J. Kwiatkowski, Z. Zawadzki, J. Jabczynski
{"title":"Design and characterization of beam shapers for end-pumped lasers","authors":"Ł. Gorajek, S. Gogler, M. Kaśków, M. Piasecki, J. Kwiatkowski, Z. Zawadzki, J. Jabczynski","doi":"10.1117/12.2079175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2079175","url":null,"abstract":"To homogenize inversion profiles and mitigate thermo-optic effects in high-power, end-pumped lasers the optimal spatial profile of pump beam should be close to ‘top-hat’ one, whereas typical pumping beams have Gaussian-like profiles. The aim of work was to examine feasibility of laser beam transformation with the use of a beam shaper consisted of a pair of aspheric refractive elements. Two beam shapers (with magnification m = 0.4, 0.8 respectively) for transformation of Gaussian profile to Super-Gaussian were designed and fabricated applying Magneto-Rheological Finishing technology. Both elements were experimentally verified for diffraction limited and partially coherent laser beams. The analytical model based on Fourier transform plane wave decomposition was applied for verification of experiments and to determine the performance of fabricated elements.","PeriodicalId":434989,"journal":{"name":"Wave and Quantum Aspects of Contemporary Optics","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115790184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Refractive index fiber sensor based on cladding modes interference","authors":"P. Tatár, D. Kacik, K. Schuster","doi":"10.1117/12.2087305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2087305","url":null,"abstract":"We present the optical fiber sensor based on fused silica capillary as a sensing element spliced between the lead-in and lead-out singlemode (SM) fibers. In the region of the splice the cladding modes of capillary are excited from the fundamental mode of led-in SM fiber. The intermodal interference of the propagating cladding modes results in the formation of the resonant peaks in the transmission spectrum. With the variations of the external refractive index the shift of resonance wavelength of the peak can be observed. The sensitivity for the refractive index values around n=1.33 is observed and using the wet etching technique can be increased, what gives an assumption for its using in a biomedical sensing applications.","PeriodicalId":434989,"journal":{"name":"Wave and Quantum Aspects of Contemporary Optics","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131888607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Brzobohatý, M. Šiler, L. Chvatal, Vítězslav Karásek, P. Zemánek
{"title":"Behaviour of a non-spherical metal nanoparticle in an optical trap","authors":"O. Brzobohatý, M. Šiler, L. Chvatal, Vítězslav Karásek, P. Zemánek","doi":"10.1117/12.2176013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2176013","url":null,"abstract":"Even though a nanoparticle is much smaller than the wavelength used for their spatial confinement in an optical trap, the nanoparticle shape strongly influences force interaction between the light and the nanoparticle. The nanoparticle orientation with respect to the beam propagation and polarization strongly influences the light scattering pattern and thus the acting optical forces and torques upon the nanoparticle. We demonstrate experimental and theoretical results concerning the optical trapping of metal nanoparticles and the influence of the trapping wavelength on shaped plasmonic nanoparticles.","PeriodicalId":434989,"journal":{"name":"Wave and Quantum Aspects of Contemporary Optics","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132217169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Jelínek, M. Frank, V. Kubecek, V. Matějec, I. Kašík, O. Podrazký
{"title":"Air core Bragg fibers for delivery of near-infrared laser radiation","authors":"M. Jelínek, M. Frank, V. Kubecek, V. Matějec, I. Kašík, O. Podrazký","doi":"10.1117/12.2175655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2175655","url":null,"abstract":"Optical fibers designed for high power laser radiation delivery represent important tools in medicine, solar systems, or industry. For such purposes several different types of glass optical fibers such as silica, sapphire, or chalcogenide ones as well as hollow-glass fibers, photonic crystal fibers and Bragg fibers have been investigated. Air-core Bragg fibers or photonic crystal fibers offer us the possibility of light transmission in a low dispersive material - air having a high damage threshold and small non-linear coefficient. However, preforms for drawing Bragg fibers can be fabricated by MCVD method similarly as preforms of standard silica fibers. In this paper we present fundamental characteristics of laboratory-designed and fabricated Bragg fibers with air cores intended for delivery of laser radiation at a wavelength range from 0.9 to 1.5 μm. Bragg fibers with different air core diameters of 5, 45 and 73 mm were prepared. The fiber core was surrounded by three pairs of circular Bragg layers. Each pair was composed of one layer with a high and one layer with a low refractive index with a contrast up to 0.03. Several laser sources emitting at 0.975, 1.06, and 1.55 μm were used as radiation sources. Attenuation coefficients, overall transmissions, bending losses, and spatial profiles of output beams from fibers were determined at these wavelengths. The lowest attenuation coefficient of 70 dB/km was determined for the 45 μm and 73 mm air-core fiber when radiation from a laser was launched into the fibers by using optical lenses. However, multimodal transmission has been observed in such condition. It has also been found that bending losses of such fibers are negligible for bending diameters higher than 15 mm.","PeriodicalId":434989,"journal":{"name":"Wave and Quantum Aspects of Contemporary Optics","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114863714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Raman tweezers in microfluidic systems for analysis and sorting of living cells","authors":"Z. Pilát, J. Ježek, J. Kaňka, P. Zemánek","doi":"10.1117/12.2176047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2176047","url":null,"abstract":"We have devised an analytical and sorting system combining optical trapping with Raman spectroscopy in microfluidic environment, dedicated to identification and sorting of biological objects, such as living cells of various unicellular organisms. Our main goal was to create a robust and universal platform for non-destructive and non-contact sorting of micro-objects based on their Raman spectral properties. This approach allowed us to collect spectra containing information about the chemical composition of the objects, such as the presence and composition of pigments, lipids, proteins, or nucleic acids, avoiding artificial chemical probes such as fluorescent markers. The non-destructive nature of this optical analysis and manipulation allowed us to separate individual living cells of our interest in a sterile environment and provided the possibility to cultivate the selected cells for further experiments. We used a mixture of polystyrene micro-particles and algal cells to test and demonstrate the function of our analytical and sorting system. The devised system could find its use in many medical, biotechnological, and biological applications.","PeriodicalId":434989,"journal":{"name":"Wave and Quantum Aspects of Contemporary Optics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130185499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optical methods for the measurement of the shape of objects and their measurement uncertainty","authors":"Pavel Pavlíček","doi":"10.1117/12.2084971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2084971","url":null,"abstract":"There are various optical methods for the measurement of the geometrical shape of objects. We calculate the measurement uncertainty for several “paradigm” methods, by means of the Cramér - Rao lower bound. Thus the parameters, on which the measurement uncertainty depends, can be found. Substantial features of individual optical measurement methods (geometrical arrangement, optically smooth or rough surface, used light, dominant source of noise) of various measurement methods are compared and their influence on the measurement uncertainty is discussed.","PeriodicalId":434989,"journal":{"name":"Wave and Quantum Aspects of Contemporary Optics","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122301507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Surface plasmon resonance based fiber optic refractive index sensors","authors":"P. Hlubina, M. Kadulová, D. Ciprian","doi":"10.1117/12.2085463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2085463","url":null,"abstract":"Refractive index sensors based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) in a thin metal film deposited on an unclad core of a multimode fiber are presented. The sensing element of the fiber optic SPR sensors is a bare core of a step-index optical fiber made of fused silica with a double-sided sputtered gold film. First, an in-line transmissionbased sensing scheme with the fiber optic SPR probe is used. Second, a reflection-based sensing scheme with a terminated fiber optic SPR probe is employed. The fiber optic SPR probes have different lengths and the thickness of the sputtered gold film is about 50 nm. Both sensing schemes utilize a wavelength interrogation method so that the refractive index of a liquid is sensed by measuring the position of the dip in the transmitted or reflected spectral intensity distribution. As an example, the aqueous solutions of ethanol with refractive indices in a range from 1.333 to 1.364 are measured. For the transmission-based sensing scheme a polarization-dependent response is revealed.","PeriodicalId":434989,"journal":{"name":"Wave and Quantum Aspects of Contemporary Optics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133976378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Popiołek-Masajada, J. Masajada, M. Szatkowski, K. Indykiewicz, R. Paszkiewicz
{"title":"Phase retrieval from the optical vortex scanning microscopy","authors":"A. Popiołek-Masajada, J. Masajada, M. Szatkowski, K. Indykiewicz, R. Paszkiewicz","doi":"10.1117/12.2074725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2074725","url":null,"abstract":"We consider an optical system in which the optical vortex moves inside the focused Gaussian beam. The vortex movement is due to the vortex lens inserted in front of the focusing objective. We gradually shift the vortex lens along the x-axis which is perpendicular to the axis of laser beam propagation (z-axis). This causes that in the image plane vortex moves along a straight line but the line inclination depends on the position of the observation plane. There is a characteristic position of the observation plane, in which the vortex trajectory is perpendicular to the vortex plate shift. We call this plane a critical plane. The critical plane is sensitive to small phase variations which can be introduce by a transparent sample. We propose a way of retrieving the phase profile (at the critical plane) of such a beam. Our procedure is based on the Fourier transform phase demodulation method. We also investigate how the system reacts to the known phase variations introduced into the critical plane.","PeriodicalId":434989,"journal":{"name":"Wave and Quantum Aspects of Contemporary Optics","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127636661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Z. Martináková, J. Horilova, Ingrid Lajdova, A. M. Chorvatova
{"title":"Time-resolved fluorescence monitoring of cholesterol in peripheral blood mononuclear cells","authors":"Z. Martináková, J. Horilova, Ingrid Lajdova, A. M. Chorvatova","doi":"10.1117/12.2074288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2074288","url":null,"abstract":"Precise evaluation of intracellular cholesterol distribution is crucial for improving diagnostics of diseased states associated with cholesterol alteration. Time-resolved fluorescence techniques are tested for non-invasive investigation of cholesterol in living cells. Fluorescent probe NBD attached to cholesterol was employed to evaluate cholesterol distribution in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) isolated from the human blood. Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy (FLIM) was successfully applied to simultaneously monitor the spatial distribution and the timeresolved characteristics of the NBD-cholesterol fluorescence in PBMC. Gathered data are the first step in the development of a new perspective non-invasive diagnostic method for evaluation of cholesterol modifications in diseases associated with disorders of lipid metabolism.","PeriodicalId":434989,"journal":{"name":"Wave and Quantum Aspects of Contemporary Optics","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117220992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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