Chau Nguyen Hong Minh, S. Petrov, V. Marinova, S. Lin
{"title":"Geometric phase device writing on a nematic LC cell by using polarization holography","authors":"Chau Nguyen Hong Minh, S. Petrov, V. Marinova, S. Lin","doi":"10.1117/12.2677939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2677939","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose to fabricate the Geometric Phase (GP) optical device in a Nematic Liquid Crystal cell (NLC cell) by using photo-alignment technique with poly [1- [4-(3-carboxy-4-hydroxyphenylazo)benzenesulfonamido]-1,2- ethanediyl, sodium salt] azo-polymer (PAZO) as alignment layer. During fabrication, the necessary surface alignment pattern of GP modulations for the device is firstly created and written on the PAZO films of an empty cell by using polarization holographic method. With filling E7 LC molecule, GP grating and lens are formed. The design principle, fabrication and characterization of both GP diffractive grating and lens are presented. The results show that the device can appear as a polarization-selective transmission hologram with single diffractive order, although the thickness of cell is 5 μm. In addition, the polarization state and wavefront of diffracted wave can be converted simultaneously. Thus, the device can be named as the diffractive waveplate, which provides many unique photonic applications, becoming effective way for minimizing and integrating optical devices for a photonic modular.","PeriodicalId":434863,"journal":{"name":"Optical Engineering + Applications","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115531439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"3D profile measurements by coaxial fringe projections and image acquisitions","authors":"N. Cheng, H. Hsu, W. Su","doi":"10.1117/12.2677325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2677325","url":null,"abstract":"A 2D fringe pattern is designed and employed to perform 3D profile measurements by means of coaxial fringe projections and image acquisitions. To enhance the reliability and systematic accuracy, a signal processing algorithm is proposed as well. Accuracy of the retrieved 3D profile can be achieved in the order of sub-millimeters.","PeriodicalId":434863,"journal":{"name":"Optical Engineering + Applications","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123021005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Reynolds, E. Kara, R. Mushotzky, A. Ptak, M. Koss, Brian J. Williams, Steven W. Allen, F. Bauer, Marshall W. Bautz, Arash Bogadhee, Kevin B. Burdge, N. Cappelluti, Brad Cenko, G. Chartas, Kai-wing Chan, Lía Corrales, T. Daylan, Abraham D. Falcone, A. Foord, Catherine E. Grant, M. Habouzit, D. Haggard, Sven Herrmann, Edmund Hodges-Kluck, O. Kargaltsev, George W. King, M. Kounkel, Laura A. Lopez, S. Marchesi, M. Mcdonald, Eileen Meyer, Eric D. Miller, M. Nynka, T. Okajima, F. Pacucci, H. Russell, S. Safi-Harb, Keivan G. Strassun, Anna Trindade Falcao, Stephen A. Walker, J. Wilms, M. Yukita, William W. Zhang
{"title":"Overview of the advanced x-ray imaging satellite (AXIS)","authors":"C. Reynolds, E. Kara, R. Mushotzky, A. Ptak, M. Koss, Brian J. Williams, Steven W. Allen, F. Bauer, Marshall W. Bautz, Arash Bogadhee, Kevin B. Burdge, N. Cappelluti, Brad Cenko, G. Chartas, Kai-wing Chan, Lía Corrales, T. Daylan, Abraham D. Falcone, A. Foord, Catherine E. Grant, M. Habouzit, D. Haggard, Sven Herrmann, Edmund Hodges-Kluck, O. Kargaltsev, George W. King, M. Kounkel, Laura A. Lopez, S. Marchesi, M. Mcdonald, Eileen Meyer, Eric D. Miller, M. Nynka, T. Okajima, F. Pacucci, H. Russell, S. Safi-Harb, Keivan G. Strassun, Anna Trindade Falcao, Stephen A. Walker, J. Wilms, M. Yukita, William W. Zhang","doi":"10.1117/12.2677468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2677468","url":null,"abstract":"The Advanced X-ray Imaging Satellite (AXIS) is a Probe-class concept that will build on the legacy of the Chandra x-ray Observatory by providing low-background, arcsecond-resolution in the 0.3-10 keV band across a 450 arcminute2 field of view, with an order of magnitude improvement in sensitivity. AXIS utilizes breakthroughs in the construction of lightweight segmented x-ray optics using single-crystal silicon, and developments in the fabrication of large-format, small-pixel, high readout rate CCD detectors with good spectral resolution, allowing a robust and cost-effective design. Further, AXIS will be responsive to target-of-opportunity alerts and, with onboard transient detection, will be a powerful facility for studying the time-varying x-ray universe, following on from the legacy of the Neil Gehrels (Swift) x-ray observatory that revolutionized studies of the transient x-ray Universe. In this paper, we present an overview of AXIS, highlighting the prime science objectives driving the AXIS concept and how the observatory design will achieve these objectives.","PeriodicalId":434863,"journal":{"name":"Optical Engineering + Applications","volume":"142 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125356194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Hamel, Stefan Cwik, M. Aviles, Stephen Clarke, M. Foley, A. Lyashenko, M. Popecki, Derrick Mensah, M. Stochaj, M. Minot, Vincenzo Vagnoni, J. Elam, A. Mane
{"title":"ALD-GCA-MCPs: lifetime performance","authors":"C. Hamel, Stefan Cwik, M. Aviles, Stephen Clarke, M. Foley, A. Lyashenko, M. Popecki, Derrick Mensah, M. Stochaj, M. Minot, Vincenzo Vagnoni, J. Elam, A. Mane","doi":"10.1117/12.2676980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2676980","url":null,"abstract":"Conventional PbO-based Microchannel Plates (MCPs) are known to experience large drops in gain as a function of extracted charge, with a particularly large drop known as a “burn-in” period that occurs in the first 1 C/cm2 of extracted charge. Incom has developed ALD-GCA-MCPs that use Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) to coat Glass Capillary Arrays (GCAs) of a base glass in order to make MCPs. In this way, the electrical and mechanical properties of the MCPs are separated. One advantage of this is that Incom can make MCPs out of various types of glass, such as aluminosilicate, which is substantially free of alkalis that can migrate in the glass matrix and change the electrical properties of the MCPs. This process has enabled Incom, using their proprietary C14 glass, to make MCPs that have much longer device lifetimes. The goal of these experiments was to compare the lifetime performance of Incom MCPs to PbO MCPs, as well as to compare the performance of ALD-GCA-MCPs made out of two types of glass substrates: C14 glass and an alkali-containing C5 glass. The MCP made with C14 glass had a gain of 1E4 at 950 V after 300 C/cm2 extracted charge, and no spatial variations in gain out to at least 23 C/cm2. The MCPs made of C5 glass exhibited imaging defects after 3 C/cm2. The gain of the PbO MCP fell to 1E3 at 950 V after 110 C/cm2.","PeriodicalId":434863,"journal":{"name":"Optical Engineering + Applications","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117114104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F-L Hsiao, Pin-Chieh Chen, Yi-Hsiang Peng, Wei-Chia Su, W. Lin, Y. Tsai
{"title":"Analysis of surface relief grating waveguide based on finite element method","authors":"F-L Hsiao, Pin-Chieh Chen, Yi-Hsiang Peng, Wei-Chia Su, W. Lin, Y. Tsai","doi":"10.1117/12.2676778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2676778","url":null,"abstract":"The development of Head-Mounted Displays (HMDs) for Augmented Reality (AR) has gained increasing attention due to their portability. However, traditional combiner-based HMDs are bulky, and thus limited their further application. To miniaturize the devices, diffractive waveguide devices are the best solutions. A relief grating is presented in this study. Through the Finite Element Method (FEM) rather than the traditional Rigorous Coupled-Wave Analysis (RCWA), the diffractive efficiency of relief gratings with different slant angles and different slit depths have been investigated with the wavelength around 532 nm and several incident angles. The relief grating had slits with a slant angle α, depth d, and periods a. In the FEM simulation environment, the grating was fabricated on the glass substrate surrounded by air, and the refractive indices are nglass = 1.5 and nair = 1. The diffractive efficiencies were analyzed in several slant angles with depths varying from 50 nm to 500 nm. The results showed that a deeper grating depth produced higher efficiency, and a larger incident angle resulted in stronger contributions to the corresponding diffraction order. The relief grating with different slant angles showed greater efficiency in the +1 order, while the efficiency of the −1 order decreased. The relief grating with a larger slant angle showed higher efficiency than the grating with a smaller slant angle. Overall, a larger slant angle effectively induced higher efficiency in the +1 order, and the depth can also give contributions to the diffractive efficiency enhancement.","PeriodicalId":434863,"journal":{"name":"Optical Engineering + Applications","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129708729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Gellert, K. Madsen, S. Massahi, Diego Paredes Sanz, D. Ferreira, S. Svendsen, A. S. Jegers, F. Christensen
{"title":"Investigation of NiV-based multilayers for the high energy x-ray probe","authors":"N. Gellert, K. Madsen, S. Massahi, Diego Paredes Sanz, D. Ferreira, S. Svendsen, A. S. Jegers, F. Christensen","doi":"10.1117/12.2676128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2676128","url":null,"abstract":"The High Energy X-ray Probe (HEX-P) is a NASA probe-class mission concept that will combine high spatial resolution x-ray imaging (⪅10 arcsec FWHM) and broad spectral coverage (0.1 to 150 keV) with an effective area far superior to current facilities (including XMM-Newton and NuSTAR) to enable revolutionary new insights into a variety of important astrophysical problems. Optimized nanometer-thin Ni-based multilayer coatings enable high performance of focusing X-ray telescopes to energies up to 150 keV and beyond, though current fabricated Ni-based coatings contain high interfacial roughness which will affect the predicted performance of the telescope. As part of the thin film coating development for the High Energy X-ray Probe, we report on the current development of reducing the coating roughness in periodic NiV/Si multilayer coatings. The multilayers are fabricated using the direct current magnetron sputtering coating facility at DTU Space, using different types of sputtering collimators and different reactive sputtering gas concentrations, optimized for the production of low interfacial roughness. The multilayers are characterized using x-ray reflectometry and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. More information on HEX-P, including the full team list, is available at hexp.org.","PeriodicalId":434863,"journal":{"name":"Optical Engineering + Applications","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133256400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Designing optical negative curvature hollow-core fibers with rotated elliptical cladding elements","authors":"Santiago Armas, A. Akosman","doi":"10.1117/12.2677628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2677628","url":null,"abstract":"We propose a unique design of negative curvature optical fibers utilizing rotational elliptical cladding structures. The silica-based fibers were numerically characterized using a finite element method-based electromagnetic solver. Different topologies consisting of rotational cladding elements with different tube thicknesses and core diameters were studied. The investigation focused on confinement losses, birefringence, and higher-order mode extinction based on varying tube sizes and rotational angles. Results showed up to 20% improvement in confinement losses for rotated structures, with minimum losses of 4.47*10-4 dB/m at 1.5 μm wavelength. The designed fibers possess polarization-dependent characteristics, and higher-order mode extinction analysis showed dominant single-mode transmission.","PeriodicalId":434863,"journal":{"name":"Optical Engineering + Applications","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133745178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The application of collision detection software development kit at TPS 39A2 nanoARPES beamline","authors":"Te-Hui Lee, Bo-Yi Chen, Ro-Ya Liu, Cheng-Maw Cheng","doi":"10.1117/12.2679966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2679966","url":null,"abstract":"At TPS 39A2 nanoARPES end station, the small space occupied by focusing devices such as the zone plate, Order Sorting Aperture (OSA), and detectors at the synchrotron end station makes collisions highly probable during adjustment or scanning. To address this issue, we developed a mechanical model using Solidworks to calculate the shortest distances among different objects after movement. Our approach utilizes a self-developed Software Development Kit (SDK) that can load an object description file to describe the spatial location and movement relation among triangle meshes. While the SDK can only calculate distance in static conditions and does not account for moving objects with speed or acceleration, we separated the program code and mechanical structure to ensure code portability. The collision.c and collision.h files are written in pure ANSI C code, and changes to the spatial or motion relation can be made by modifying the description file. The program was developed using National Instruments LabWindows/CVI and uses OpenGL to provide a visual and intuitive representation of the spatial relation between objects.","PeriodicalId":434863,"journal":{"name":"Optical Engineering + Applications","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133857249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tomás Lloret, M. Morales-Vidal, Belén Nieto-Rodríguez, J. C. García-Vázquez, Manuel G Ramírez, A. Beléndez, I. Pascual
{"title":"Shrinkage study and optimization of multiplexed green holographic solar concentrators toward improved photovoltaic energy","authors":"Tomás Lloret, M. Morales-Vidal, Belén Nieto-Rodríguez, J. C. García-Vázquez, Manuel G Ramírez, A. Beléndez, I. Pascual","doi":"10.1117/12.2674916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2674916","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, the development of optical systems applied to the generation of clean and renewable energy is one of the great challenges of the 21st century. This work presents a theoretical and experimental study of shrinkage in multiplexed holographic lenses (MHL) stored in a low-toxicity photopolymer named Biophotopol. For this purpose, a study has been carried out using k-space tools. In addition, a study has been performed to optimize the number of MHLs, the hologram thickness, and the angular distance between peaks. To evaluate the efficiency, the short-circuit current has been evaluated under solar illumination with different incident reconstruction angles.","PeriodicalId":434863,"journal":{"name":"Optical Engineering + Applications","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126148168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development of a dual-camera terrain imager for increasing swath width in space exploration","authors":"Y. Youk, D. Ryu, Jeeyeon Yoon","doi":"10.1117/12.2676622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2676622","url":null,"abstract":"The Lunar Terrain Imager (LUTI), comprising two identical optical systems, serves as a primary payload on the Korean Pathfinder Lunar Orbiter spacecraft. This high-resolution camera is specifically designed to capture lunar surface images and facilitate the identification of potential landing sites for future missions. Leveraging the capabilities of the camera will significantly enhance our understanding of lunar geology, morphology, and evolution, laying a strong foundation for future lunar exploration. This paper introduces the configuration and features of the proposed LUTI camera, a highresolution electro-optical camera. It details the assembly and alignment process, presents performance measurement results, and elucidates its optical characteristics. Through precise alignment and calibration, this camera achieves a required swath width of > 8 km at an altitude of 100 km, providing a broader coverage of the lunar terrain. Its advanced components, including a sun shield and a Cassegrain-type telescope with hyperbolic mirrors, contribute significantly to its high-resolution imaging capabilities. Performance measurement results confirm that the LUTI camera meets the required specifications, including achieving a 10 % performance level for its modulation transfer function. The detailed imagery captured by the LUTI camera lays a strong foundation for future scientific research on the Moon, enabling researchers to conduct in-depth studies and investigations of lunar features and phenomena.","PeriodicalId":434863,"journal":{"name":"Optical Engineering + Applications","volume":"22 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123504881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}