Physical Activity Review最新文献

{"title":"Current Approaches to Motor Competence Assessment in School-Age Children","authors":"Iva Šeflová, J. Vašíčková, Luděk Kalfiřt, A. Suchomel","doi":"10.16926/par.2022.10.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16926/par.2022.10.20","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The importance of motor competence is particularly evident at school ages when any intervention approaches have the most significant impact. Aim of Study: The theoretical study aims to provide an overview and compare the descriptive and psychometric characteristics of the assessment tools that we can use to determine the level of motor competence in primary school-aged children. We paid particular attention to the possibilities of identifying motor competence deficits. Material and Methods: From the overview list of assessment tools, we selected the following for more detailed analysis: Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2, Körperkoordinatationstest für Kinder, Test of Gross Motor Development-Third Edition, Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, Second Edition, Test zur Erfassung motorischer Basiskompetenzen. The presented article compares the possibilities of using these tests in the European environment in terms of their psychometric and descriptive characteristics. Results: Each submitted tests has certain advantages and disadvantages in the practical use, collection, evaluation, and interpretation of the data. Based on established criteria in descriptive and psychometric characteristics, we selected using the comparative method as the most appropriate means to assess the level of motor competence of the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, 2nd edition. Conclusion: The Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, 2nd edition, presents the most comprehensive diagnostic tool to assess motor competence and its difficulties, despite shortcomings such as the absence of normative-related criteria in more European countries and time-consuming testing. The time-consuming test and the suitability of individual access to the person being tested to collect and evaluate data make it difficult to establish the test battery as the gold standard in motor competence diagnostics. From a practical point of view, the material presented will help facilitate the choice of a specific assessment tool according to the educational or clinical goal of the research","PeriodicalId":43466,"journal":{"name":"Physical Activity Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67611276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-leadership differences between athletes with and without physical disability","authors":"I. Proios, E. Fotiadou, S. Batsiou, George Doganis, Dimitris Balasas, M. Proios","doi":"10.16926/par.2022.10.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16926/par.2022.10.05","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Self-leadership is a psychological concept that display an impressive potential in the enhance of individual performance. The purpose of this study was to examine the perceived levels of use of self-leadership strategies by athletes and to explore the existence of potential individual differences in self-leadership strategies by athletes with and without physical disability. Material and methods: Participants were a sample of 469 athletes, 245 with physical disability and 224 without physical disability (n = 312 men, and n = 157 women). Participants’ ages were 16-51 years old (age 24.82±7.32 yrs). The subjects filled a validated Greek version of the Revised Self-leadership Questionnaire (RSLQ). Results: Results showed some positive self-leadership tendencies, and significant individual differences in the use of self-leadership strategies (self-reward p<0.001; ES=0.029, self-punishment p<0.01; ES=0.017, natural rewards p<0.001; ES=0.026, visualizing p<0.001; ES=0.023, and self-talk p<0.001; ES=0.032) between athletes with and without physical disability. Conclusions: In conclusion, the findings of the present study support that athletes with different physical abilities are not exactly alike in the self-leadership abilities. It is considered useful when a coach is concerned about their athletes’ self-leadership training.","PeriodicalId":43466,"journal":{"name":"Physical Activity Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67611598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reliability and usefulness of the reaction speed test in young female volleyball players","authors":"Karla Dolo, Z. Grgantov, Goran Kuvačić","doi":"10.16926/par.2022.10.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16926/par.2022.10.09","url":null,"abstract":"Reaction speed represents a crucial ability to achieve a high-performance level in volleyball. A reliable computerized test for assessing reaction speed cannot simulate the dynamic environment of the volleyball game. Therefore, tests involving the activation of large muscle groups are needed. This study aimed to determine the reliability of young volleyball players' reaction speed ability using the Stopping the rolling ball test (SRB). Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), standard error of measurement (SEM) also expressed as a coefficient of variation (CV%), smallest worthwhile change (SWC), and minimal detectable change (MDC) were calculated. Paired t-test revealed no significant differences between test and re-test for first (t = -0.09, p = 0.92), mean of three (t = -0.37, p = 0.71), and best of three (t = -0.02, p = 0.98) trials. The ICC values showed poor relative reliability when the first trial was observed, while for the mean and best of three trials, reliability was consistently very high (excellent). The absolute reliability parameters (within-individual variation) showed large variations ranging from 5% to almost 10% and greater SEM (12.63 cm) for first trial when compared to other variables. The SEM was higher than SWC for all variables when the small differences (i.e., 0.2 multiplied by between-participants SD) were considered. This test showed a high level of absolute and relative reliability and usefulness, which means that the SRB test is an excellent indicator of reaction speed in young volleyball players.","PeriodicalId":43466,"journal":{"name":"Physical Activity Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67611645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exercise-Heat Stress, Hyperthermia, Dehydration and Fatigue Effects on Cognitive Performance among Semi-Professional Male Athletes","authors":"A. Dube, C. Gouws, G. Breukelman","doi":"10.16926/par.2022.10.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16926/par.2022.10.02","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Evidence regarding heat stress, dehydration, hypohydration and fluid balance effects on semi-professional athletes’ cognitive function is still limited. This study aimed to examine the effects of exercise heat-stress, hyperthermia, dehydration and fatigue on cognitive performances in semi-professional athletes. Methods: Eighteen healthy male athletes from individual and team sports participated. Participants completed a cognitive and mood test battery prior, immediately after and post 120 min of treadmill exercise. A soccer-specific intermittent treadmill exercise protocol was completed in four experimental trials in temperate (normothermic) and hot (hyperthermic) conditions. Participants were hydrated and dehydrated in both conditions. Trial conditions were; normothermic 16.4 ± 0.02°C and 52 ± 1% RH, while hyperthermic 33.9 ± 0.3°C and 61 ± 1% RH. Results: Response times; the Stroop effect and Visual search tasks were quicker (584 to 690 ms, p= 0.001; 1978 to 2213 ms, p= 0.003) in the heat. Cognitive tasks showed that reaction time, visual process, motor speed and mood were similar in normothermic (p=0.001). Accuracy improved in hydrated hyperthermic by 1.2% (p=0.002) in Visual search. Total Mood Disturbance was significant in heat (p<0.001). Hydration status had no major effect in some cognition performance markers except for mood. Conclusion: The response times and accuracy improved following the cognitive testing in semi-professional athletes exercising in relatively humid, hot conditions. However, semi-professional athletes’ cognitive performances were relatively affected by hypohydration and their hydration status needs to be closely monitored during exercise.","PeriodicalId":43466,"journal":{"name":"Physical Activity Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67611558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect comparison of foam rolling and dynamic stretching on performance in motion tests by young volleyball players: a pilot study","authors":"J. Popelka, Pavol Pivovarniček","doi":"10.16926/par.2022.10.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16926/par.2022.10.28","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The aim of the pilot study was an effect comparison of stretching between foam rolling and dynamic stretching on performance in motion tests by young volleyball players. Methods: 1. Experimental sample – ESFR (n=8, age = 13.4±0.5 years, height = 173.8±7.7 cm, weight = 59.8±7.1 kg) absolved 6 measurements of indicators of stretching with foam rolling during 6 weeks. 2. Experimental sample – ESDS (n=8, age = 13.4±0.5 years, height = 174.5±9.5 cm, weight = 59.4±11.0 kg) absolved dynamic stretching. We had determined the stretching effect between ESFR and ESDS by comparison of performance in tests: spike jump (SS), block jump (BS) E-test (ET), run to cones (RC), throw with 1 kg ball (H2), sit and reach test (SR) and sit-ups (SU). Results: The most important determination was that better level of stretching presented in performance and it was determined in RC in two examples with medium effect and in three examples with large effect in behalf of ESFR. By contrast, one example from ESDS in parameter PS had better level of stretching with medium effect and one example with medium effect in H2. In other parameters (BS, SS, SU and ET) were the differences only small or none between ESFR and ESDS. Conclusion: The results of the pilot study indicate that using of foam rolling and dynamic stretching can have different influence on the level of stretching and preparation of young volleyball players. These results must be verified on larger experimental sample.","PeriodicalId":43466,"journal":{"name":"Physical Activity Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67611330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-linear didactic technology-based intervention to enhance basic motor competencies with MOBAK-5: a pilot study in primary school","authors":"Domenico Monacis, D. Colella, P. Limone","doi":"10.16926/par.2022.10.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16926/par.2022.10.03","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Technologies in physical education, as Exergames (EXGs) or Active Videogames (AVGs), represent a useful tool to increase levels of physical activity and reduce sedentary behavior, but their effectiveness on motor competence development is still unclear. The aim of the study is to gain new knowledge about the development of motor competences, assessed under two different experimental conditions: (a) technology-based intervention protocol without teacher mediation, and (b) technology-based intervention with teacher mediation, based on the variation of teaching styles in a non-linear didactic approach. Material and methods: The sample consisted of 120 primary school children, ranged from 10 to 11 years, divided in Normal weight (Nw) and Overweight-Obese (Ow-Ob), according to BMI, and assigned to Experimental Group (EG) and Control Group (CG). EG followed a non-linear didactic approach, based on the use of different teaching styles, proposing different variants of motor tasks, and soliciting various learning methods, while in CG teachers explained and demonstrated only one variant of the proposed task, with children practicing and performing sequentially what was proposed. Motor competencies development was assessed with MOBAK-5, pre- and after one week at the end of intervention. Results: Evidenced positive effects on both Nw and Ow-Ob groups in EG, and on total sample, improving scores in all MOBAK subtest and total motor qualifications, while less positive effects can be observed in Control group for Normal-weight sample. Discussion: The integration of technology into physical education lessons, combined with non-linear didactics approaches represents an innovative and effective way to develop motor competencies in primary school. However, further studies are needed to confirm the results of this study.","PeriodicalId":43466,"journal":{"name":"Physical Activity Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67611565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toward a Mediated Model of Physical Activity in Relation to Psychological Distress","authors":"Tavis Watt, E. Kehoe","doi":"10.16926/par.2022.10.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16926/par.2022.10.06","url":null,"abstract":"Leisure-time physical activity has well demonstrated benefits in mitigating symptoms of depression and, to a lesser extent, anxiety. A variety of theoretical mechanisms have been proposed as mediators of this linkage. There has been no reported attempt to develop a unified model of the relative contributions of the proposed mechanisms. To begin to fill this gap, 394 first-year university students were surveyed concerning their participation in physical activity (broadly defined), their level of depressive and anxiety symptoms as indexed by the Kessler 10, and four mediators identified as promising candidates in the literature: behavioral activation (sense of purpose and achievement), belonging (sense of social contact and inclusion), sense of flow (concentrated engagement in activity), and coaching relationship (formal or informal assistance from another person). Each of the candidate mechanisms individually mediated the relationship between physical activity and the K10 score. However, the scores for each of the mechanisms themselves were inter-correlated to a small or medium degree. When all scores were analysed as an integrated model, only behavioral activation and belonging were significant mediators. Once these two mediators had been accounted for, there was no additional direct effect of physical activity on both depression and anxiety. The next steps for refining and testing the model are discussed.","PeriodicalId":43466,"journal":{"name":"Physical Activity Review","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67611605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of two different strength/conditioning training interventions on sport and strength performance of junior male judokas","authors":"A. Osipov, V. Guralev, S. Iermakov, T. Ratmanskaya, A. Galimova, M. Kudryavtsev","doi":"10.16926/par.2022.10.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16926/par.2022.10.11","url":null,"abstract":"Background. The influence of different strength training interventions on strength and competitive performance has been insufficiently examined in elite junior judokas. This study aimed to investigate the impact of different strength interventions in precompetitive training process of elite junior male judokas. Material and Methods. Fifty-three elite judokas (age: 17.22±1.37 yrs, height: 176.34±5.47 cm, body weight: 78.46±6.22 kg, judo training experience: 4.52±0.89 years) performed two different 8-week strength training interventions. Group 1 (n=27) were performed “strength” intervention, group 2 (n=26) were performed “CrossFit®” intervention about 5.3-6.0 hours per week. The base training exercises were as follows: bench press, barbell bench pull and lat pull-down, clean & jerk, snatch, squats and knee flexion curl, pull up. The handgrip strength test, the one-repetition maximum tests, pull up test and competitive performance evalution, were in this study. Results. In post-intervention period, were found that bench press and back squat findings were significantly (p≤0.05) higher in judokas (group 1) as compared to judokas (group 2). There were significantly (p≤0.05) higher pull upfindings in judokas (group 2). No significant differences were observed among the groups with regard to competitive performance values within 3.5 months after post-intervention. Conclusions. This study demonstrated that 8-week of different strength training interventions are not equally effective to increase performance of junior male judokas in specific strength tests and not to change competitive performance of athletes within 3.5 months after strength intervention. The final decision for the particular strength training intervention (“strength” or “CrossFit®”) can be decided according to an judoka's individual challenges during the competitive season.","PeriodicalId":43466,"journal":{"name":"Physical Activity Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67611180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of muscle activity during swimming and on the Biokinetic simulator","authors":"J. Vaneckova, H. Kabesova","doi":"10.16926/par.2022.10.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16926/par.2022.10.12","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The aim of the study is to evaluate the coordination similarity ratio of involvement of selected muscles (m. pectoralis major; m. latissimus dorsi; m. obliquus externus abdominis; m. triceps brachii) during the crawl swimming cycle as a target movement with imitation movement act. The research set comprised 16 elite swimmers specializing in crawl sprint tracks. Methods: The key research method was surface electromyographic analysis synchronized with video recording. The study was based on a quantitative description of electromyographic recordings of the observed movement acts. The research study has the character of an intra-individual and inter-individual comparative analysis of the coordination characteristics of the movement system. This is a sequential triangulation of a quantitative-qualitative approach and an intragroup case study with an experimental way of obtaining data. Results: Muscle activation of selected muscles during the crawl did not show a significant difference in effect size compared to the imitation movements on the Biokinetic swimming simulator.","PeriodicalId":43466,"journal":{"name":"Physical Activity Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67611187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Promoting active lifestyles in schools. Effect of school day on daily physical activity levels","authors":"Lara Varela-Garrote, M. Carretero-García, Raúl Fraguela-Vale, Luisa Losada-Puente","doi":"10.16926/par.2022.10.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16926/par.2022.10.14","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The effect of school day is a major factor in everyday rhythms during childhood and adolescence. The relevance of Physical Activity (PA) in school-aged children raises the need to: (a) analyse whether Primary School pupils achieve the recommended levels of daily PA; (b) find out the impact of school day and, specifically, Physical Education (PE) classes on levels of PA compared to weekends; and (c) explore the differences according to sex in daily PA at these ages. Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out, using a sample of 126 participants (aged 10.2±0.48 years; 51.6% girls, 48.4% boys) from primary schools. Data on the steps taken by pupils during a week were recorded with an ADXK362 three-axis accelerometer integrated into a wristband. Descriptive (means and standard deviation) and inferential analyses (Student’s T-Test) were performed, assuming a 95% confidence interval (p<0.05). The magnitude of the difference was quantified with power (1-β), α=0.05 (bilateral). Results: The average of steps was lower than the minimum recommended, revealing a weekly pattern in which, the most active children were so throughout the week and vice versa. Significant variations were found depending on the days of the week (r=0.40, p<0.001, d= 0.63) or whether they had PE classes (r=0.65, p<0.001, d= 0.79). School day contributed significantly to greater activity and families were less physically active on weekends (t=6.62, p<0.001, d=0.70). Girls had a lower level of PA than boys, and more difficulty reaching the recommended levels of daily PA (t=-4.05, p<0.001, d=0.96), except on weekends. Conclusion: Pupils do not reach the minimum recommended daily steps for their age, with a well-established gender gap in favour of boys. School day (especially when PE is taught) increases their daily PA more than at weekends.","PeriodicalId":43466,"journal":{"name":"Physical Activity Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67611204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}