Spanish Journal of Soil Science最新文献

{"title":"Editorial: Current Research on Soil Science and Related Aspects of Environmental Sciences in Galicia","authors":"Avelino Núñez-Delgado, Xosé Lois Otero-Pérez, E. Álvarez-Rodríguez","doi":"10.3389/sjss.2023.11485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/sjss.2023.11485","url":null,"abstract":"As recently as under 200 years ago, soil was almost unknown as subject of scientific study, and its status was far from being part of the disciplines taught at universities (Brevik, 2005; Brevik and Hartemink, 2010; Díaz-Raviña and Caruncho, 2022; Reyes-Sánchez and Irazoque, 2022). Nowadays, however, Soil Science is a consolidated field of knowledge, with clear recognition at academic, scientific, and technical levels. In Spain, the Spanish Society of Soil Science (Sociedad Española de la Ciencia del Suelo, SECS) has reached 75 years of history, while in Galicia, Soil Science is commemorating 70 years. Throughout all this time, many professors and researchers have contributed their dedication and efforts to promote Soil Science in Spain and Galicia. Among them, Dr. E. Huguet del Villar, Dr. J. M. Alvareda, Dr. F. Guitián Ojea, and many others who followed them and who unfortunately are no longer with us. Those of us who continue to work in this field, as heirs to their legacy, will try to maintain and transmit their in-depth knowledge and impression to the next generations. The first studies on the soils of Galicia date back to the 1930s, carried out by Huguet del Villar, with his publications on the types of soils in Galicia (Huguet del Villar, 1935) and the Soil Map of the Lusitano-Iberian Peninsula (Huguet del Villar, 1938). After various other studies that followed those original ones, more recently several books were also published on the types of soils in Galicia, such as the one focusing on Soils in A Coruña province (Macías and Calvo, 1992), a chapter on Galician soils (Macías and Calvo, 2001), or the review on the soils of a wider area (the temperate-humid zone of Spain) carried out by Carballas et al. (2016). Soil has played a crucial role throughout human history. Regarding Soil Science, the knowledge generated by soil scientists has contributed to alleviating hunger in many parts of the world, has favored the restoration of degraded ecosystems, and currently helps us to face new challenges, such as the fight against global warming or the eutrophication of surface waters. However, we must also bear in mind that many soil scientists have the perception that soil and Soil Science do not receive the same social recognition as other related areas. For this reason, while advancing in scientific knowledge, we should also move ahead in the dissemination of our science. In this sense, the present SI of the SJSS aims to collect the results of research lines that address relevant and/or novel aspects related to Galician soils and other environmental compartments, ranging from the incidence of antibiotics in agricultural soils to the quantification of Blue C in Zostera soils in the Ría of Ferrol, among others. In fact, we take into account that, as artistic shows do, Science must go on and must be continuously updated and fed with the latest findings. The Editors of this Special Issue hope that all the papers included in it will contribute to sho","PeriodicalId":43464,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Soil Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46335090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blue Carbon Stock in Zostera marina Meadows in the Ría de Ferrol (NW Iberian Peninsula)","authors":"María del Carmen de la Cerda-Marín, G. DÍAZ-AGRAS, Ramiro Rodríguez Tato, María Candás Romero, Marcos Pérez Señarís, Andrés de Solaun Eimil, X. Otero","doi":"10.3389/sjss.2023.11352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/sjss.2023.11352","url":null,"abstract":"The increase in greenhouse gases (GHG) has been constant since the Industrial Revolution. For this reason, different international organizations have devoted special attention to GHG sinks such as terrestrial soils and ecosystems. However, the initially estimated balances did not include the carbon stock associated with ocean waters, coastal soils and sediments, known as blue carbon. Currently, blue carbon sinks are the subject of numerous studies due to the limited information available, especially on the Atlantic coast of the Iberian Peninsula. We studied the organic C stock present in soils and in Zostera marina biomass in the two main meadows in the Ría de Ferrol (O Baño and Castelo de San Felipe). The carbon stock associated with biomass was 0.37 Mg C ha−1, with 0.18 Mg C ha−1 corresponding to the epigeal portion and 0.19 Mg C ha−1 to the hypogeal portion. Soil carbon stock was much higher: 4.11 Mg C ha−1 at a depth of 5 cm and 82.14 Mg C ha−1 at a depth of 1 m. Together with carbon values in biomass, a stock of 82.5 Mg C ha−1 was obtained for the whole Ría de Ferrol. Z. marina accounted for 8.25% of total C in the Ría de Ferrol. These values were higher than those found in other regions. Isotope ratios (δ13C, δ15N) and C/N ratios indicated that the organic C stock in the O Baño soil may receive important organic matter inputs of terrestrial origin, while in San Felipe, it seems to have a marine origin.","PeriodicalId":43464,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Soil Science","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41341305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbial Communities as Affected by Clarithromycin Addition in Four Acid Soils (NW Iberian Peninsula)","authors":"Laura Rodriguez‐Gonzalez, E. García-Campos, Angela B. Martin, M. Díaz-Raviña, M. Arias-Estévez, D. Fernández-Calviño, V. Santás-Miguel","doi":"10.3389/sjss.2023.11319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/sjss.2023.11319","url":null,"abstract":"A laboratory experiment was carried out to investigate the response of the microbial communities in acid agricultural soils located in the NW Iberian Peninsula to the presence of clarithromycin. Four soils, with different organic C content and similar pH, and seven different concentrations of clarithromycin (0.49, 1.95, 7.81, 31.25, 125, 500 and 2,000 mg kg−1 of soil) were used, and microbial estimates were made after 8 and 42 incubation days. The phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) technique was used to estimate the total microbial biomass and biomass of specific microbial groups as well as the microbial community structure (PLFA pattern). The microbial biomass (total and specific groups) was different in the four studied soils, the lowest values being exhibited by soils with the lowest organic C. The antibiotic addition showed a positive effect on microbial biomass (total and specific groups), especially at the highest dose; the effect being similar or even more accentuated with time passed after the addition (42 days ≥8 days). Principal component analysis (PCA) of the PLFA data carried out with the whole data set showed that the main determining factors of the microbial structure followed the order: soil > time incubation ≥ antibiotic dose. When the PCA was performed individually for each incubation time, the results indicated that microbial communities of the four soils were different. Likewise, for each soil, different microbial communities were observed depending on antibiotic concentration. The microbial biomass and PLFA pattern data were coincidentally showing that the clarithromycin addition favored fungi and G− bacteria more that bacteria and G+ bacteria; the effect being dose-dependent. Our data (microbial biomass, PLFA pattern) also demonstrated that the effect of clarithromycin addition on microbial communities in these four acid agricultural soils persisted even after 42 incubation days.","PeriodicalId":43464,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Soil Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48692034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mercury Content and Pools in Complex Polycyclic Soils From a Mountainous Area in Galicia (NW Iberian Peninsula)","authors":"A. Gómez-Armesto, M. Méndez-López, Andrea Parente-Sendín, Noemi Calvo-Portela, X. Pontevedra-Pombal, E. García-Rodeja, F. Alonso-Vega, J. Nóvoa-Muñoz","doi":"10.3389/sjss.2023.11192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/sjss.2023.11192","url":null,"abstract":"Atmospheric mercury (Hg) usually tends to accumulate in the upper horizons of soils. However, the physico-chemical characteristics of some soils, as well as pedogenetic processes, past climate changes, or soil degradation processes, can lead to a redistribution of mercury through the soil profile. In this work, the presence and accumulation of mercury was studied in three deep polycyclic soils from a mountainous area in NW Iberia Peninsula. The highest total Hg values (HgT) were found in the organic matter-rich O and A horizons of FL and MF profiles (169 and 139 μg kg−1, respectively) and in the illuvial horizon of RV (129.2 μg kg−1), with the latter two samples showing the maximum Hg reservoirs (29.3 and 29.0 mg m−2, respectively). Despite finding the highest Hg content in the surface horizons, considerable Hg reservoirs were also observed in depths higher than 40–50 cm, indicating the importance of taking into account these soil layers when Hg pools are evaluated at a global scale. Based on the mass transfer coefficients, we can rule out the contribution of parent material to the Hg accumulation in most of the horizons, thus indicating that pedogenetic processes are responsible for the Hg redistribution observed along the soil profiles. Finally, by means of principal component analysis (PCA) and stepwise linear regression we could assess the main soil components involved in the Hg accumulation in each soil horizon. Therefore, PC1 (organic matter and low stability Al-hummus complexes) showed a higher influence on the surface horizons, whereas PC2 (reactive Al-Fe complexes and medium-high Al-hummus complexes) and PC4 (crystalline Fe compounds and pHw) were more relevant in the Hg distribution observed in the deepest soil layers.","PeriodicalId":43464,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Soil Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47765685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forms of Toxic and Trace Metals in Grassland Soils of Galicia, Spain","authors":"Cristina López-Mateo, Raúl Marcos-Rodríguez, Florentino Díaz-Rodríguez, M. Fernandez-Marcos","doi":"10.3389/sjss.2023.11201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/sjss.2023.11201","url":null,"abstract":"The application of cattle slurry to agricultural soils contributes to the circular economy, while enriching the soil in macro and micronutrients and organic matter. However, this practice can have deleterious environmental effects, by adding toxic metals and other contaminants. The pseudo-total concentrations of nine potentially toxic and trace metals (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Ni, Co, Cr, Cd and Pb) as well as metals extracted by DTPA, Mehlich 3 and 0.01 M CaCl2 were determined in Galician (NW Spain) grassland soils regularly receiving cattle slurry. Four soil depths (0–5, 5–10, 10–20 and 20–40 cm) were sampled and analysed. The pollution condition was assessed by comparing the pseudo-total concentrations with generic reference levels for Galician soils and by using pollution indices. The results indicated the absence of soil pollution by Fe, Ni, Co, Cr and Pb and a situation of no pollution to moderate pollution by Mn, Zn and Cu. Cd was the element most frequently enriched in the studied soils according to the pseudo-total, DTPA and Mehlich-3 concentrations, while the extraction by CaCl2 pointed to no environmental risk. The study supports the lithogenic character of Fe, Ni, Co and Cr, the mixed lithogenic and anthropogenic nature of Mn, Zn and Cu and the anthropogenic origin of Cd in these soils. The latter element can be added by both the application of cattle slurry and inorganic phosphate fertilisers.","PeriodicalId":43464,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Soil Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43512882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agricultural Use of Pesticides in Galicia (NW Spain) During the 20th Century: Inventory of Active Substances and Their Geographic Distribution","authors":"Raquel S. Chaves, C. Monterroso","doi":"10.3389/sjss.2023.11197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/sjss.2023.11197","url":null,"abstract":"Production of agricultural pesticides underwent an exponential increase during the 20th century. Many of these pesticides have since been prohibited because they are toxic and because they are bioaccumulated and persist in the environment. Detailed knowledge about any substance that is applied to land is essential to enable evaluation of potential contamination effects and the risk of latent exposure to these types of substances. However, accurate determination of the type and amounts of pesticides used throughout the history of agriculture in Spain is greatly complicated by the absence of historical records, scarce control of use and the lack of effective legislation until well into the 21st century. The aims of this study were: 1) to elaborate an inventory of the active substances of the agricultural pesticides (phytosanitary products) used in Galicia throughout the 20th century, 2) to develop a model of their geographic distribution by using a geographic information system (GIS), and 3) to contrast the geographical model obtained for selected persistent pesticides with the presence of these compounds in raw water. We consulted a large variety of sources of information and carried out a geographic analysis for the most commonly used pesticides in different crops. We inventoried a total of 176 active substances belonging to more than 50 different classes of chemicals and observed a clear geographic zoning according to the chemical class and mode of action of the substances. The presence of pesticide residues at drinking water extraction points is consistent with the geographic delimitation established in the study.","PeriodicalId":43464,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Soil Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43835444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variations in the Functional Diversity of Rhizosphere Microbiome of Healthy and Northern Corn Leaf Blight Infected Maize (Zea mays L.)","authors":"Siphiwe Prudence Dlamini, A. O. Akanmu, O. Babalola","doi":"10.3389/sjss.2023.10964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/sjss.2023.10964","url":null,"abstract":"Metagenomics is a scientific breakthrough that can reveal the variations in the microbial diversities and functions between the healthy and diseased plants, towards a productive deployment in diverse biotechnological processes and agricultural activities. This study investigated the possible functional diversity in the rhizosphere microbiome of both healthy and Northern Corn Leaf Blight (NCLB) infected maize growing at farms in the Lichtenburg (LI) and Mafikeng (MA) areas of the North West Province, South Africa. We hypothesized variations in the abundance and diversities of microbial functions in the healthy (LI and MA) and diseased (LID and MAD) maize plants. Hence, we extracted DNA from the healthy and diseased maize rhizosphere in the two maize farms and sequenced using a shotgun approach. Using the SEED subsystem, we discovered that the healthy rhizosphere maize plant was dominated by 24 functional categories, while the NCLB infected rhizosphere maize plant was dominated by 4 functional categories. Alpha diversity analysis showed no significant (p > 0.05) difference between the healthy and diseased maize rhizosphere. However, the analysis of beta diversity showed a significant difference. The substantial abundance of functional groups detected especially in LI indicates that presence of plant diseases altered the functions of soil microbiomes. The significant abundance of the unknown role of rhizosphere microbiomes in disease management suggests the presence of some undiscovered functional genes associated with the microbiome of the healthy maize rhizosphere. Hence, further investigation is needed to explore the roles of these functional genes for their agricultural or biotechnological relevance.","PeriodicalId":43464,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Soil Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47269050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil Bacterial Community Tolerance to Three Tetracycline Antibiotics Induced by Ni and Zn","authors":"V. Santás-Miguel, Laura Rodriguez‐Gonzalez, Avelino Núñez-Delgado, E. Álvarez-Rodríguez, M. Díaz-Raviña, M. Arias-Estévez, D. Fernández-Calviño","doi":"10.3389/sjss.2023.10799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/sjss.2023.10799","url":null,"abstract":"A laboratory work has been carried out to determine the tolerance of soil bacterial communities to Ni and Zn and co-tolerance to tetracycline antibiotics (chlortetracycline (CTC), oxytetracycline (OTC) and tetracycline (TC)) in soils individually spiked with five different concentrations of Ni or Zn (1,000, 750, 500, 250, and 125 mg kg−1), and an uncontaminated (0 mg kg−1) control soil. The PICT parameter (pollution-induced community tolerance) was estimated for the bacterial community using the tritium (3H)-labeled leucine incorporation technique, and the values corresponding to log IC50 were used as toxicity index. The mean log IC50 values observed in the uncontaminated soil samples indicate that Zn (with log IC50 = −2.83) was more toxic than Ni (log IC50 = −2.73). In addition, for the soil with the lowest carbon content (C = 1.9%), Ni-contaminated samples showed increased tolerance when the Ni concentrations added were ≥500 mg kg−1, while for the soils with higher carbon content (between 5.3% and 10.9%) tolerance increased when Ni concentrations added were ≥1,000 mg kg−1. Regarding the soils contaminated with Zn, tolerance increased in all the soils studied when the Zn concentrations added were ≥125 mg kg−1, regardless of the soil carbon content. The co-tolerance increases obtained after exposure of the bacterial suspension to TC, OTC and CTC showed an identical behavior within these tetracycline antibiotics. However, it was dependent on the heavy metal tested (Ni or Zn). In the case of soils 1 (C = 1.1%) and 2 (C = 5.3%), the soil bacterial communities showed increases in co-tolerance to TC, OTC and CTC for Ni concentrations added of ≥125 mg kg−1, while for soil 3 (with C = 10.9%) co-tolerance took place when Ni was added at ≥1,000 mg kg−1. However, in soils contaminated with Zn, increases in co-tolerance to CTC, OTC and TC occurred at Zn concentrations added of ≥125 mg kg−1 for the 3 soils tested. These results can be considered relevant when anticipating possible environmental repercussions related to the simultaneous presence of various types of pollutants, specifically certain heavy metals and antibiotics.","PeriodicalId":43464,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Soil Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44330220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nitrate and Phosphorus Transport in a Galician River (NW Iberian Peninsula): Insights From Fourteen Years of Monitoring","authors":"M. Rodríguez-Blanco, M. Taboada-Castro, M. T. Taboada-Castro","doi":"10.3389/sjss.2023.11108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/sjss.2023.11108","url":null,"abstract":"The long-term development of water quality metrics is critical to estimate the status of water resources and successful catchment management. This study looks at the temporal evolution of nitrate and phosphorus loads and concentrations in a stream draining rural catchment in Galicia (NW Iberian Peninsula) during 14 hydrological years. The concentrations of both nutrients are relatively low because of the rural nature of the research catchment and low-intensity agriculture. However, catchment nutrient reference levels were widely exceeded. The hydrology controls nutrient fluxes as flow is the main driver of nutrient transfer. For both nutrients there were no consistent trends in nutrient fluxes. The analysed nutrients, however, have been seen to behave differently. As a result, N seems to be decreasing, mainly due to decreased transit in the autumn and spring. Phosphorus, which is primarily transported as particulate matter, exhibits an increase in winter linked to a greater flow and sediment transfer.","PeriodicalId":43464,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Soil Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43277892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Women in Soil Science","authors":"M. L. Francis, R. Poch, Andrea Vidal-Durà","doi":"10.3389/sjss.2022.10958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/sjss.2022.10958","url":null,"abstract":"Welcome to this special edition of Women in Soil Science. The Spanish Journal of Soil Science is proud to offer this platform to celebrate the achievements of women in the field of Soil Science and hopefully inspire the next generation of female soil scientists. Led by Dr. Andrea Vidal, Dr. Michele Francis and Prof. Rosa Maria Poch, this Special Issue highlights the latest research from women in the Soil Science field from across the globe. At present, less than 30% of researchers worldwide are women. For example, in the US women represent only 24% of the soil scientists in academic faculty positions. Long-standing biases and gender stereotypes are discouraging girls and women away from science-related fields, and STEM research in particular. It is essential for both the progress of the field and the fulfilment of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) to change traditional mindsets and promote gender equality within the Soil Science field, as well as science more broadly. In this edition, we celebrate the women working in the wider field of Soil Science and we recognise their struggles to become scientists, especially in countries where the playing field is not level. Without an early education focused on strong reading and mathematical skills, a scientific career cannot follow. The eight papers presented here highlight the diversity of research performed across the entire breadth of Soil Science led by women. Four of the papers deal explicitly with the issue of gender in soil science, either from historical or geographical perspectives, giving visibility to women soil scientists whose contribution to Soil Science has not been given the recognition it merits. The remaining four papers illustrate soil research carried out or led by women in Mexico, Spain, Canada and Brazil showing excellence in science regardless of the authors’ gender. Díaz-Raviña and Caruncho are the authors of the interesting review: “A brief analysis of the contribution of women to Soil Science.” They present data on female soil scientist ratios in several countries from a time perspective, along with the socioeconomic and political reasons for their evolution. They explain what makes research led by women necessary for the advance of soil science and give reasons for its promotion from the early school years. Special attention is given to Russian and former soviet female soil scientists. Gerasimova’s contribution entitled “Maria Glazovskaya -A pioneer soil scientist and geochemist ahead of her time (1912–2016)” gives an account of one of these “forgotten” Russian soil scientists, who made essential contributions to the knowledge of the world soils and of soil geochemistry, establishing the bases for quantitative soil classification and putting forward some concepts considered hot issues today such as soil carbon pools and emissions; and environmental time bombs applied to soil pollution. The paper “Reevaluating diversity and the history of Women in soil sciences: a neces","PeriodicalId":43464,"journal":{"name":"Spanish Journal of Soil Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46147804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}