Journal of Reproductive Healthcare and Medicine最新文献

{"title":"RISUG® offers early contraception: An experience during Phase III clinical trials","authors":"N. K. Lohiya, A. S. Ansari, T. Sadasukhi, Sonu Pachera, Barkha Khilwani, R. K. Dhaked","doi":"10.25259/jrhm_8_2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/jrhm_8_2022","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000An early contraceptive efficacy with reasonable assurance of reversibility has been a challenge in male contraception. With nearly four decades of research in reversible inhibition of sperm under guidance (RISUG®) as an intravasal male contraceptive, including pre-clinical trials in rats, rabbits, langur monkeys, and three phases of clinical trials, the present study aims to evaluate the additional parameters of a center of Phase III clinical trials.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Subjects were recruited following ICMR guidelines of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Samples were analyzed for sperm functional tests, namely, hypo-osmotic swelling, acrosomal intactness, nuclear chromatin decondensation, and sperm mitochondrial activity index. Furthermore, seminal biochemistry and serum hormones such as follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, testosterone, cortisol, and prolactin were assessed along with levels of anti-sperm antibodies and prostate-specific antigen (PSA).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The present study, on human subjects, emphasizes the efficacy of RISUG® with early onset of contraception and indication of a greater possibility of reversal. A significant decrease in all sperm functional parameters was observed following RISUG® injection along with increased sperm abnormalities. Semen biochemistry revealed no marked alterations in the concentration of fructose and acid phosphatase, while significantly decreased levels of glycerophosphorylcholine and neutral α-glucosidase were observed. No significant changes in the circulatory levels of hormones and the levels of PSA were observed. In addition, the development of anti-sperm antibodies, an adverse effect of other vas occlusive methods, was not indicated after RISUG® administration, implying the potential of reversibility in humans as observed earlier in different animal models.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000RISUG® presenting deleterious effects on spermatozoa and marked alterations in epididymal markers provides early contraception with a greater possibility of reversal. Although the progress of RISUG® toward development as an ideal male contraceptive is slow, the study implies a strong future possibility.\u0000","PeriodicalId":434467,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reproductive Healthcare and Medicine","volume":"23 14","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131505999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of COVID-19 on abused pregnant and lactating women receiving reproductive and child health services at tertiary care hospital, New Delhi, India","authors":"M. Mahapatro, Sudeshna Roy, P. Nayar, Suruchi Panchkaran, Ashwini Jadhav","doi":"10.25259/jrhm_23_2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/jrhm_23_2022","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The worldwide healthcare system has been overwhelmed by the COVID-19 pandemic’s emergence and increasing intensification. As a result, essential and routine reproductive child health (RCH) services have been severely harmed. The paper tries to find out the impact of COVID-19 on abused pregnant and lactating women receiving routine RCH services at a tertiary care hospital in New Delhi, India.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000It is an ethnography study undertaken with 150 abused pregnant and lactating women receiving RCH services at Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi. They were called and followed up with over the phone from March 23 to May 22, 2020. The findings revealed that there has been an increase in the incidences of domestic violence.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The main reasons for difficulty reported by the women were inadequate information on changes in antenatal care at the hospital, lockdown restrictions on travel from one facility to another, a breakdown in communication with the healthcare team, and health system barriers. As a result, it exacerbated pregnant and lactating women’s anxiety and distress. During the crisis, these negative consequences on pregnancy outcomes and maternal health must be taken into account immediately.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Instead of women seeking information and services, the health system can make normal public health services more accessible to women by offering proactive tailored information over the phone on where to go, when to go, what precautions to take, and so on. For better RCH services to women during pandemics, the government must design a health management system that balances routine care with emergency treatment.\u0000","PeriodicalId":434467,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reproductive Healthcare and Medicine","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130854125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reproductomics: An impending driver for exposome research","authors":"P. Mishra, Roshani Kumari, R. Shandilya, Pooja Ratre, A. Bhargava, Neelam Pathak, N. K. Lohiya","doi":"10.25259/jrhm_16_2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/jrhm_16_2022","url":null,"abstract":"In our quest to recognize the role of extrinsic and intrinsic environmental factors that can profoundly affect human health, the exposome paradigm proffers an exciting avenue of research. Continuous human biomonitoring would be unfeasible because the exposome is longitudinal and dynamic. Therefore, the reproductive life course of exposome should be put together from cross-sectional snapshots at critical periods such as in utero, early childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. Of course, over the following decades, the exposome paradigm will continue to evolve in terms of its conceptual and methodologic framework. Still, our overarching goal should be to delineate underlying molecular mechanisms that promote health while preventing disease at the population level.","PeriodicalId":434467,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reproductive Healthcare and Medicine","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121401423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implicating transforming growth factor-β and sex steroids in the regulation of brain-gonadal functions","authors":"S. Mamta","doi":"10.25259/jrhm_12_2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/jrhm_12_2022","url":null,"abstract":"Transforming growth factor-beta (Tgf-β) significantly mediates TGF signals in the brain and gonadal development. The present study insights into the implication of novel factor Tgf-β and sex steroids in coordination with catecholaminergic activity; moreover, the influence on catecholamines, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH1), and related transcripts/genes by implanting osmotic pump-mediated mismatches sex steroids in the teleost. The outcome collectively showed the severe effect of estrogenic compounds at the nominal dose over androgenic to alter reproductive conditions. In addition, the differential pattern of key transcription factors/genes revealed significantly higher expression in the brain and gonads than in other organs, which seem to have a role in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (H-P-G) axis to regulate brain-gonadal functions in catfish. Furthermore, the abundance of crucial factors mRNA and protein expression in the brain suggests a significant role in this correlation. Collectively, the study provides an understanding of the growth factors and sex steroids through dopaminergic system, where upregulated expression levels of GnRH1 vis-a-vis certain brain-related genes, that is, GnRH1, Tgf-β, Gfrα-1, cyp19a1b, tph, and th in teleost revealed their regulatory influence more importantly on the H-P-G axis.","PeriodicalId":434467,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reproductive Healthcare and Medicine","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122906746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular characterization of Staphylococcus species isolates from buck semen and their effect on semen quality","authors":"C. Gangwar, G. Kumaresan, A. Mishra, Anil Kumar, S. Saraswat, S. D. Kharche, B. Rai","doi":"10.25259/jrhm_3_2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/jrhm_3_2022","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Buck reproductive health is the key for breeding and production of quality semen. To assess the health of breeding bucks, in this study, we detected the presence of Staphylococcus spp in semen. Staphylococcus aureus is a common commensal and opportunistic pathogenic bacteria and is also a cause of many diseases in animals. Besides this, it can also deteriorate the semen quality.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In this study, we collected 48 semen ejaculates from healthy bucks of three breeds, namely, Jamunapari, Barbari, and Jakhrana to assess the presence of Staphylococcus spp. Besides bacteriological study, the semen was also assessed for semen quality parameters in infected as well as in non-infected semen samples.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The semen quality was significantly deteriorated with Staphylococcus infection. The bacterial infection was initially confirmed as Staphylococcus spp. based on the Gram’s staining and growth on Mannitol salt agar. Based on this preliminary bacteriological analysis, 52.08% (n = 25) of the samples were found positive for Staphylococcus spp. from the total 48 buck semen ejaculates belonging to three different goat breeds. The isolates were confirmed based on the basis of multiplex PCR and the species identified were S. aureus, Staphylococcus sciuri, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Staphylococcus chromogenes, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Staphylococcus simulans directly in the buck semen. By this study, it is evident that semen can get contamination from a buck which has the presence of staphylococcus in the reproductive tract and semen quality is adversely affected. Hence, it is important to ensure the health and hygiene of the bucks maintained for semen production for artificial insemination.\u0000","PeriodicalId":434467,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reproductive Healthcare and Medicine","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126888373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spermatozoa HSP90b expression correlates with ROS generation and altered motility in response to methyl parathion treatment in vitro","authors":"Jasmine Nayak, S. R. Jena, Bhagyashree Panda, S. Kar, L. Samanta","doi":"10.25259/jrhm_7_2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/jrhm_7_2022","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Widely used organophosphorus pesticides, methyl parathion (MePa), alter the reproductive functions in various animals and humans by induction of oxidative stress on augmented release of reactive oxygen species (ROS). MePa affects semen quality by inducing DNA damage through spermatogenic stages. Several heat shock proteins (HSPs) are expressed in response to environmental stressors particularly the redox-active ones for regulation of protein turnover. Since oxidative stress and sperm motility are implicated in MePa toxicity, studying the expression of HSP90b will unravel the mechanism behind its noxiousness.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Spermatozoa isolated from healthy donors were subjected to various concentrations of MePa (50, 250, 500, and 750 μM) for studying its effect on sperm motility, ROS generation, sperm chromatin integrity, and expression of stress responsive molecular chaperone HSP90b.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In vitro exposure of MePa at concentrations ≥500 μM results in a decline in sperm motility and an increased generation of ROS, DNA damage, and HSP90b expression.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000ROS-mediated modulation of HSP90b expression may affect the structural integrity of client proteins and oxidative injury to membrane lipid, along with DNA integrity resulting in declined sperm motility in response to MePa.\u0000","PeriodicalId":434467,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reproductive Healthcare and Medicine","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122281276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel device to micromanipulate oocytes during intracytoplasmic sperm injection","authors":"Kishor K. S. Bharadwaj, Sudesh V. Rokade, G. B. S. V. Yaswanth, Vaishalini Venkatraman, Praveen Kumar, Binal Gupta, Prashant Srimant Kusure, Dharamkar Sai Abhishek, T. J. R. Babu, Santosh D. B. Bhargav, Charudutta Joshi","doi":"10.25259/jrhm_4_2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/jrhm_4_2022","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000To demonstrate a novel, non-pneumatic, compliant mechanism-based micro gripper to immobilize oocytes for the Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The micro gripper is designed intuitively based on different techniques available to design compliant mechanisms in the literature such as the Stiffness Maps technique, Kinetoelastostatic maps, and feasibility maps techniques. The gripper’s holder was made from a 2mm thick PMMA sheet; whereas, the gripper was fabricated using a hydrophilic sheet, a proprietary material of 3MTM. The gripper and holder were assembled using a biocompatible adhesive.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Experimental trials carried out with the gripper holder on the ICSI workbench showed that the developed gripper holder was able to hold the oocyte gently and firmly in place. A micro linear actuator was used to actuate the gripper-holder. The device was tested for its efficacy to perform ICSI by designing ICSI experiments with matured oocytes and sperm; it was found that the degeneration rate was absolutely zero percent for all the matured oocytes.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000A novel device to micro manipulate oocytes during intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection is presented in this paper and is based on the gripping principle as opposed to the conventional suction-based pipettes for holding the oocytes gently and firmly in place during ICSI. The degeneration rate was found to be zero using the gripper-based novel device.\u0000","PeriodicalId":434467,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reproductive Healthcare and Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114073363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Menopausal hormone-replacement therapy and breast cancer risk: An updated and simplified view","authors":"G. Mukherjee, Vaishnav Natarajan, A. Chakrabarty","doi":"10.25259/jrhm_30_2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/jrhm_30_2021","url":null,"abstract":"Menopause, the menstrual cessation due to accelerated decline in ovarian function along with changes in the hormonal milieu, marks the end of reproductive fertility in women. This phenomenon is accompanied by various physiological and psychological symptoms, generally managed, and/or alleviated by menopausal hormone therapy (MHT). An association between MHT and the risk of developing breast cancer (BC), although controversial, is known for quite some time, particularly among combined MHT users. The risk varies with the time and type of MHT usage and persists after decades of treatment. The purpose of this review is to present an updated version of MHT and its association with postmenopausal BC risk.","PeriodicalId":434467,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reproductive Healthcare and Medicine","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125157338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of sperm protamine on semen quality and fertility","authors":"K. Elango, A. Kumaresan, T. Talluri, Kathan Raval, N. Paul, Ebenezer Samuel King John Peter, M. Sinha, Shivanagouda Patil, Apoorva Verma","doi":"10.25259/jrhm_2_2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/jrhm_2_2022","url":null,"abstract":"Protamines are the nuclear proteins essential for chromatin compaction during spermatogenesis. During chromatin compaction, histones are replaced by transition proteins, which are then replaced by protamines. This process is essential for DNA stability. Protamines are rapidly evolved proteins with high evolutionary variation and encompass positively charged amino acids, especially 48% of arginine. Cysteines present in their sequence allow the formation of disulfide bonds between adjacent protamine molecules. Protamine 1 (PRM1), Protamine 2 (PRM2), and Protamine 3 (PRM3) are reported in mammals. Among these, PRM1 and PRM2 were extensively studied. The normal PRM1 and PRM2 ratios in men, stallions, and mice are 1:1, 3:1, and 1:2, respectively. However, in infertile males, the PRM1: PRM2 ratio is altered due to decreased PRM2 expression, which, in turn, is due to incomplete PRM2 precursor processing and zinc deficiency. In bull, ram, and buck, PRM2 mRNA is present but not PRM2 protein. In mice, rats, bulls, and men, the protamine cluster contains an open reading frame called protamine 3 (gene-4 or protamine-3). The proportion of protamine deficient sperm in the sample is indicative of problems in protamination. Recently, omics technologies, RT-qPCR, and gene knockout-based studies also reported the presence of protamine in sperm. All these semen quality and knockout studies envisage that protamines are indispensable for fertility. Henceforth, protamine-like biomolecules also may be evaluated for fertility prediction or markers in addition to the existing structural and functional attributes of sperm.","PeriodicalId":434467,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reproductive Healthcare and Medicine","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131764644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of genetic, environmental, and hormonal factors in the progression of PCOS: A review","authors":"Rakesh Kumar, S. Minerva, Ruchi Shah, Amrita Bhat, Sonali Verma, G. Chander, G. Bhat, Namrata Thapa, A. Bhat, Ajay Wakhloo, M. Ganie","doi":"10.25259/jrhm_16_2021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25259/jrhm_16_2021","url":null,"abstract":"Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) can be mainly defined as a gynecological problem accompanied by an endocrine disturbance in females and can be seen mainly during their menstruation age. Worldwide PCOS prevalence ranges between 6% and 10%. Many of the risk factors are responsible for the pathogenesis of PCOS. Environmental factors such as environmental toxins and obesity play a major role in the occurrence of PCOS, followed by the hormonal disturbance in androgen levels, that is, hyperandrogenism, and insulin levels, that is, hyperinsulinemia. The previous studies have suggested that there is a major contribution of genetics in the etiology of PCOS. However, there is no strong evidence about the mode of inheritance of PCOS. It has been seen that there is a strong correlation between environmental, hormonal, and genetic factors which follow a vicious cycle in the development of PCOS that leads to ovarian dysfunction, metabolic syndrome, that is, metabolic abnormalities include insulin resistance, obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and abnormal cholesterol level. The detailed study of PCOS is one of the most central topics in female reproductive endocrinology. On the other hand, the syndrome has been extensively investigated; however, its definition and pathophysiological aspects are still not very clear. The idea behind the current review was to make a non-systematic review of already published literature through PubMed and Google Scholar search. The keywords searched and publications were related to polycystic ovaries, including the incidence, environmental factors, genetics, hormones, as well as their association. The aim of the current review is to update the evidence regarding the pathogenesis of PCOS and emphasizes how genetic, non-genetic, and hormonal factors lead to the progression of PCOS.","PeriodicalId":434467,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Reproductive Healthcare and Medicine","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116775381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}