{"title":"Rewards and Fear of Being Labeled as Racist: A Tax Fraud Whistleblowing Investigation*","authors":"Sonia Dhaliwal, Jonathan Farrar, Cass Hausserman","doi":"10.1111/1911-3838.12296","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1911-3838.12296","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This article investigates experimentally, in the income tax context, how whistleblowing intentions are influenced when a tax fraud perpetrator is of a different race than a potential whistleblower. In particular, it examines the impact of a message highlighting the social value of whistleblowing and how fear of being perceived as racist influences whistleblowing decision-making. Using insights from the fear elicitation and processing literature, we find that a potential whistleblower from a majority racial group who learns about a fraud perpetrated by someone from a minority racial group is significantly more likely to blow the whistle anonymously when a social value message is present versus absent, as the presence of a social value message reduces fear of being perceived as racist. However, we do not find that race dissimilarity is significantly associated with non-anonymous whistleblowing intentions, irrespective of the presence of a social value message. Furthermore, in non-anonymous whistleblowing situations, potential whistleblowers have to disclose their identities to the tax authority to become eligible for a cash reward. Even when potential whistleblowers can choose the amount of a cash reward they would have to be paid in order to blow the whistle, our results show that whistleblowing intentions do not increase significantly when perpetrators and potential whistleblowers are of different races. Overall, our results suggest that the societal value of tax whistleblowing and the use of cash rewards for whistleblowing are limited by other sociological considerations.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":43435,"journal":{"name":"Accounting Perspectives","volume":"21 4","pages":"729-757"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47168475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Risks and Controls in a Changing Business Environment: Global Transportation Facility and Concerns About Missing Revenues*","authors":"Ron Messer","doi":"10.1111/1911-3838.12295","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1911-3838.12295","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This case examines the effects of privatization in the aviation industry, specifically as it concerns an airport referred to as the Global Transportation Facility (GTF). In a deregulated environment, it is important for airports to ensure that all revenues earned from aircraft landings and passenger use of its terminal buildings are identified, billed, and collected. This will be a concern to users of financial information, including those holding corporate debt and government authorities, as well as the airport's senior management, board of directors and other stakeholders. Your role as the head of internal audit at GTF is to determine whether aviation-related billings are complete and accurate. You are also concerned about the consequences of errors in reported revenues, including how to identify these and assess their impact.</p>","PeriodicalId":43435,"journal":{"name":"Accounting Perspectives","volume":"21 3","pages":"495-506"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45580409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Accuracy and Informativeness of Management Earnings Forecasts: A Review and Unifying Framework*","authors":"Nicolai A. Preussner, Ewald Aschauer","doi":"10.1111/1911-3838.12294","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1911-3838.12294","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper synthesizes the literature on management earnings forecasts (MFs) and adaption mechanisms, combines existing theories into a unifying framework, and discusses the primary determinants of MF accuracy and informativeness. The proposed model refines existing theories by emphasizing the dynamics and multiperiod interactions among firm management, financial analysts, and investors, thereby simplifying the assessment of the complex relations within the forecast cycle. Furthermore, we analyze when and to what extent financial analysts and investors anticipate bias and misleading information. Overall, the literature review provides strong support for a positive correlation between the extent and credibility of MFs, on the one hand, and stock returns, share liquidity, and analyst coverage, on the other hand. Earnings forecasts tend to be optimistically biased, with a positive correlation with forecast uncertainty, earnings flexibility, financial distress, investor sentiment, and the share price dependency of managers' remuneration. Firm growth, legal liability, and litigation risk are significantly associated with forecast pessimism. We also find that MF accuracy increases with previous forecast accuracy, firm size, analyst coverage, analyst agreement, management qualifications, and corporate governance level. Moreover, investors do not anticipate the full extent of predictable forecast bias, leading to systematic share price drifts after the announcement of earnings forecasts and actual earnings. The study's results have substantial implications for researchers, firm managers, investors, financial analysts, and regulators. Although managers may enhance their forecasts' credibility by providing precise, bundled, and disaggregated forecasts, external stakeholders should carefully analyze forecast antecedents and characteristics to assess the direction and magnitude of expected MF bias.</p>","PeriodicalId":43435,"journal":{"name":"Accounting Perspectives","volume":"21 2","pages":"273-330"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1911-3838.12294","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45416543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Wilson Drilling Inc.*","authors":"Yan Jin, Flora Niu","doi":"10.1111/1911-3838.12290","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1911-3838.12290","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Wilson Drilling Inc. is a leading Canadian provider of contract drilling rigs and well services to the oil and gas industry. This case exposes students to important financial reporting issues relevant to fixed assets, such as asset impairment and decommissioning and changing the accounting method for depreciation, as well as reporting of deferred income taxes in a real-world situation. This case is suitable for use in undergraduate Intermediate Accounting or Advanced Financial Accounting classes.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":43435,"journal":{"name":"Accounting Perspectives","volume":"21 3","pages":"489-493"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44788632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Auditors' Professional Identities: Review and Future Directions*","authors":"Ryan Stack, Bertrand Malsch","doi":"10.1111/1911-3838.12289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1911-3838.12289","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Drawing on qualitative field studies, this literature review synthesizes research on the formation of professional identities. This journey is organized based on employee level, from the pre-exposure phase of recruitment, up the hierarchy to staff-, manager-, and partner-level work at auditing firms, to the level of those who leave professional service firms to pursue other work. Our analysis highlights the importance of acquiring soft skills over technical training in identity building, including the ability to incorporate unwritten rules and norms of professionalism that persist throughout professional careers. Our review reveals a scarcity of studies on the identity formation of managers. We also question the relevance of the literature on the socialization of staff auditors and partners and the impact on their identity. Critically, prior literature on auditor professional identity has emphasized one type of practitioner and setting—Western, urban, and Big 4 oriented—to the exclusion of other sites and perspectives. This emphasis has led to a disconnect between the extant research and the diversity of the realities in which auditing practices and auditors evolve. Thus, this review recognizes a need for new research directions and calls for research on professional services firms outside the Big 4 and in new and emerging markets. In addition, it advocates a greater focus on individuals and groups that have been excluded from prior research as the face of the profession changes.</p>","PeriodicalId":43435,"journal":{"name":"Accounting Perspectives","volume":"21 2","pages":"177-206"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137963823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Introduction to the Special Issue of Literature Reviews","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/1911-3838.12285","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1911-3838.12285","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43435,"journal":{"name":"Accounting Perspectives","volume":"20 4","pages":"447-448"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44846678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Overview of the Literature on Upper Echelons*","authors":"Ming Liu, Duan Ji","doi":"10.1111/1911-3838.12288","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1911-3838.12288","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This paper reviews the literature pertaining to the effects of the characteristics of top executives on firms' decisions and outcomes. We focus particularly on research related to executives' individual characteristics, including their demographic, psychological, and other characteristics. Thereafter, we discuss the literature related to the relationship among executives, particularly the CEO and the CFO, which may affect corporate performance and accounting outcomes. Finally, we identify the gaps in the literature and provide directions for future research.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":43435,"journal":{"name":"Accounting Perspectives","volume":"21 2","pages":"331-386"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49667025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Literature Review on the Dual Effect of Corporate Tax Planning and Managerial Power on Executive Compensation Structure*","authors":"Khin Phyo Hlaing, Andrea Stapleton","doi":"10.1111/1911-3838.12287","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1911-3838.12287","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this study, we review the extant literature on factors affecting the level and structure of executive compensation, with a specific focus on the power dynamic between firms and their executives. In doing so, we explore the competing effects of corporate tax planning and managerial power on executive compensation structure. We consider the theoretical underpinnings and related empirical findings regarding executive compensation structure and propose new avenues for future research that may deepen our understanding of factors influencing executive compensation structure.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":43435,"journal":{"name":"Accounting Perspectives","volume":"21 2","pages":"387-423"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2021-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43664297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}