Accounting Perspectives最新文献

{"title":"Rethinking Accounting, Accountability, and Accounting Regulation: Concerns about the Proposed Canadian Sustainability Standards Board*","authors":"David J. Cooper,&nbsp;Jeff Everett,&nbsp;Darlene Himick,&nbsp;Daniela Senkl","doi":"10.1111/1911-3838.12330","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1911-3838.12330","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper expands on a letter recently submitted by a group of Canadian business academics to the Independent Review Committee on Standard Setting in Canada (IRCSSC) in response to the committee's proposed Canadian Sustainability Standards Board. We highlight sections of the IRCSSC's Consultation Paper that we find problematic and draw on accounting and other research to explain why it fails to live up to its potential. Chief among the problems we identify is that the IRCSSC appears to be wedded to the same narrow, investor-based focus promoted by the International Sustainability Standard Board. We also draw attention to the rushed nature of the process, its exclusion of lay experts, the IRCSSC's ambiguous use of the term <i>public interest</i>, and its inattention to alternative understandings of value and the environment (including the people within it). Finally, we problematize the IRCSSC's sidestepping of the issues of power, culture, and conflict; its neglect of monitoring and enforcement; and its surprising disregard of the Global Reporting Initiative. Along with a number of suggestions for improving the process and its outcome, this paper also contributes to ongoing debates on standard setting and the question of whether accounting is currently equipped to provide the necessary tools for sustainability reporting.</p>","PeriodicalId":43435,"journal":{"name":"Accounting Perspectives","volume":"22 2","pages":"215-234"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47965604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Herbal Pharma Inc.: Conducting an Effective Group Audit*","authors":"Joanne C. Jones,&nbsp;Sandra Iacobelli,&nbsp;Sandra Scott","doi":"10.1111/1911-3838.12329","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1911-3838.12329","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>As the relative weight of global economic activity continues to shift toward non-OECD countries (OECD 2018), audit firms are more likely to encounter clients with significant business operations in foreign jurisdictions. The associated need to engage and oversee local component auditors in these jurisdictions can lead to challenges arising from different business cultures and the resulting intra-audit miscommunications. Audit deficiencies related to these challenges have been detected by regulators (PCAOB 2011, 2010; CPAB 2012, 2015). Standard setters such as the IAASB and the Auditing and Assurance Standards Board (AASB) have responded by issuing an exposure draft proposing revisions to ISA 600 (IAASB 2020) and CAS 600 (AASB 2020) to strengthen the auditor's approach and provide enhanced guidance to practitioners. In light of this evolving area of assurance, this case was developed to deepen students' understanding of both group and component audits in an international context. The case takes the perspective of the group auditor and features an audit senior in a specialized role overseeing the component audit of a client's increasingly material Chinese subsidiary. Deficiencies in the prior year component audit, along with a change in the component auditor, further underlines the importance of robust risk analysis for the upcoming engagement.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":43435,"journal":{"name":"Accounting Perspectives","volume":"22 2","pages":"179-193"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49267145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Financial Reporting & Assurance Standards (FRAS) Canada Corner","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/1911-3838.12323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1911-3838.12323","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43435,"journal":{"name":"Accounting Perspectives","volume":"21 4","pages":"759-776"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137660147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Students' Enabling Competencies: Student Perspectives and Recommendations for Educators*","authors":"Richard Fontaine,&nbsp;Hanen Khemakhem,&nbsp;Susan Wolcott","doi":"10.1111/1911-3838.12326","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1911-3838.12326","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Employers continue to express concern that accounting graduates lack the necessary competencies when they enter the workplace. These concerns have been addressed in part by periodic revisions to Chartered Professional Accountants of Canada's (CPA Canada) CPA Competency Map, which is used to define competencies for entry into the profession. The CPA Competency Map has recently been revised to include a new set of enabling competencies (often called generic or soft skills). However, the accounting literature highlights a concern that time and resources spent on the expanding set of enabling competencies could take valuable resources away from teaching technical accounting skills. In addition, the education literature indicates that student motivation plays a key role in learning. If students are motivated to learn enabling competencies, then educational efforts could be more efficient and effective. Conversely, a lack of student motivation could reduce student engagement and learning. To address these concerns, we investigated the student's perspective on the importance of enabling competencies as well as on how and where enabling competencies should be learned. We surveyed 380 students enrolled in the CPA Canada Professional Education Program (PEP). We investigated the three new enabling competencies that are most distinct from the previous set of competencies and that may be the most difficult for accounting educators to teach: adaptability and resilience; creativity and innovation; and active listening. We asked students about the importance of these new enabling competencies for their future careers and whether the competencies should be taught in PEP or in the workplace. Our results indicate that students believe that the new enabling competencies are important and should be learned in both the classroom and the workplace. Moreover, student responses to open-ended questions provide educators with suggestions on how to incorporate enabling competencies into the classroom by blending activities that could simultaneously enhance enabling competencies with technical competencies.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":43435,"journal":{"name":"Accounting Perspectives","volume":"22 1","pages":"111-138"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45403773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sanders Foods: Planning for Success—An Instructional Case*","authors":"Gary Spraakman,&nbsp;Gajindra Maharaj,&nbsp;Emily Hoang Nguyen","doi":"10.1111/1911-3838.12327","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1911-3838.12327","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This case describes the second-generation importer Sanders Foods, which requires improved profitability. A new CFO has been hired to improve profits and thereby increase the market value of the firm for a possible future sale. The firm's strategy, although still completely valid, has not been carried out as intended. The board of directors has reaffirmed the firm's strategy. The CFO and CEO have developed a five-year plan to implement the strategy; the plan has been approved by the board. The task for the CFO is to develop a bottom-up budget for next year that accomplishes the first year of the plan. The operational improvements to achieve the existing strategy with the next year's budget will be demanding, which means it will likely need to be frequently updated with forecasts. Students will be tested on their knowledge and skills in implementing a committed budget, complete with a process for forecasts.</p>","PeriodicalId":43435,"journal":{"name":"Accounting Perspectives","volume":"22 2","pages":"167-177"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49210454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Public Accounting in China: The Role of Occupational Community within a Globalized Profession*","authors":"Shelagh Campbell,&nbsp;Yingqi Li,&nbsp;Zhou Zhang,&nbsp;Paul Sinclair","doi":"10.1111/1911-3838.12328","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1911-3838.12328","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The globalization of the world economy has brought drastic changes to institutions of work and the structures that support them. This paper analyzes the evolving public accounting profession in China. We constructed a unique qualitative data set by conducting two rounds of on-site interviews with public practice accountants in Chinese domestic and international firms in 2015 and 2016. Through narrative analysis of accountants' careers, we find that domestic accountants form a distinct group based on their role in supporting the Chinese accounting profession and the pressures, challenges, and opportunities they face in career choice and work conditions. Our study reveals how the well-known distinctions of language, training, and international experience are further entwined with strong ties to state policy and the “transmission belt” of information flowing between regulatory bodies and workplace institutions. The accounting profession in China shares much in common with the “Western” form of the profession, evidence of the institutional isomorphism documented in the literature on Big 4 firms. Our study highlights additional nuances surrounding regulation and control of the accounting field, notable in domestic firms, which distinguish the Chinese profession within the global field.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":43435,"journal":{"name":"Accounting Perspectives","volume":"23 2","pages":"205-233"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47081036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Structure of Social and Environmental Accounting Research: A Citation-Based Social Network Analysis*","authors":"Markus Isack,&nbsp;Stéphanie Mittelbach-Hörmanseder,&nbsp;Ewald Aschauer","doi":"10.1111/1911-3838.12322","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1911-3838.12322","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We investigate the structure and progress of the emergent field of social and environmental accounting (SEA) research by combining social network analysis (SNA) with a systematic literature review based on 461 papers containing 26,872 citations in total. Our approach, which to the best of our knowledge this study is the first to apply, enables us to use research metrics to identify the knowledge database of SEA research and examine how the field has been evolving. We analyze the connections and structure of foundational SEA research spanning the period 1973–2015. In line with previous research, our results reveal network characteristics typical of an emerging field—that is, subgroups without distinguishing content characteristics and low network density. Our additional analyses show that the results remain unchanged until 2021. The state-of-the-art SNA we apply, the knowledge database we identify, and the insights into the SEA field's structure that we provide support the growth of the field.</p>","PeriodicalId":43435,"journal":{"name":"Accounting Perspectives","volume":"21 4","pages":"581-641"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/1911-3838.12322","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43051447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Financial Reporting & Assurance Standards (FRAS) Canada Corner","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/1911-3838.12318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1911-3838.12318","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":43435,"journal":{"name":"Accounting Perspectives","volume":"21 3","pages":"511-527"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137675658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accrual-Based Earnings Management and Regulation: A Literature Review*","authors":"Olivier Greusard","doi":"10.1111/1911-3838.12319","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1911-3838.12319","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This paper reviews how the accounting literature has investigated accrual-based earnings management (AEM) in relation to regulation. After describing the development of accrual-based models to measure earnings management, I provide evidence that the accounting literature has investigated AEM and regulation to answer six types of research questions. First, researchers investigate whether firms manage earnings before a regulatory event to benefit from it or to avoid its negative consequences. Second, they look at whether firms engage in AEM after the implementation of a new regulation to avoid the regulatory costs associated with lack of compliance or to respect regulatory industry ratios. Third, researchers use accruals quality metrics to investigate the change in quality of accounting after a change in regulation. Fourth, they use accruals quality metrics to analyze the impact of differences between regulatory environments. Fifth, researchers exploit Accounting and Auditing Enforcement Releases to clearly identify samples of low-quality firms in order to develop new earnings management models, test the specifications of existing models, or identify new patterns linked to earnings management. Sixth, the accounting literature employs regulation to investigate potential complementarity or substitution effects between accrual-based and real earnings management. I also discuss how the emergence of new technologies such as machine learning, the ongoing debate between single-accrual and aggregate models, regulatory events other than laws, and recent regulations create opportunities for future research into AEM in relation to regulation.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":43435,"journal":{"name":"Accounting Perspectives","volume":"21 4","pages":"539-580"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46211654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corporate Governance in the #MeToo Era: A Compact, In-Class Case*","authors":"Norman T. Sheehan,&nbsp;Lynne Charbonneau","doi":"10.1111/1911-3838.12316","DOIUrl":"10.1111/1911-3838.12316","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>With the rise of the #MeToo movement, workplace harassment has become an important board issue. Despite this, little has been written on the role that boards, and governance in general, should play in reducing the potential for employee harassment in the workplace. This compact, in-class teaching case, which is based on an actual employee lawsuit in Canada, fills this gap by reviewing the role of the board in addressing employee workplace harassment. The case takeaways focus on the steps boards should take once they receive an employee harassment complaint, the policies and procedures boards must ensure are in place to protect their employees from workplace harassment, and the options available for students if they encounter workplace harassment in their future careers. The case concludes by reviewing best practices for recruiting board members as well as deciding on the future of the organization's president.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":43435,"journal":{"name":"Accounting Perspectives","volume":"21 3","pages":"507-509"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42342374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}