Rice Crop - Current Developments最新文献

{"title":"Microwave Weed and Soil Treatment in Rice Production","authors":"G. Brodie, M. J. Khan","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.77952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.77952","url":null,"abstract":"Herbicides resistance has challenged sustainable rice productivity. Consequently, inter- est in chemical-free weed management has increased to overcome this constraint. This chapter has demonstrated the effect of pre-sowing microwave soil heating as a new alter - native to chemicals for confirmed herbicide resistant weeds of the Australian rice produc tion system. Microwave can superheat weed plants, creating micro-steam explosions in the plant structures to kill weeds. This requires the least amount of energy to achieve weed control and can be likened to a ‘knock down’ herbicide treatment. Considerably, more microwave energy can be applied to the soil to achieve weed seed bank deactivation; however, there is growing evidence that this strategy also changes the soil biota and nutrient profile in favour of substantial increases in crop yield, when crops are planted into this microwave-treated soil. An energy application of approximately 400–500 J cm −2 gave approximately 70–80% reduction in weed establishment in three field trials con - ducted at two agro-ecological zones of the Australia. In addition, there was a 10 times higher nitrogen use efficiency, and a 37% higher water use efficiency was achieved through this aspect of the microwave technology. There is also evidence that the soil treatment strategy provides persistent effects, beyond a single season; therefore, the rice production is better than when using conventional weed control methods.","PeriodicalId":433846,"journal":{"name":"Rice Crop - Current Developments","volume":"24 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115634482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heavy Metal and Mineral Element-Induced Abiotic Stress in Rice Plant","authors":"A. Mani, K. Sankaranarayanan","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76080","url":null,"abstract":"The adverse effect of nonliving factors on living organisms is described as abiotic stress. It includes drought, excessive watering, extreme temperatures, salinity, and mineral toxicity. Rice is an important cereal crop, grown under diverse ecological and agricultural conditions. Heavy metal contamination of agricultural land causes abiotic stress to the crop plant as well as has a drastic effect on humans. Increased metal concentration in plants leads to the production of reactive oxygen species which results in cell death and thus affects the crop production in plants. In addition, increased heavy metal concentration in the plant has deleterious effects on its consumers. Like other organisms, plants have also designed ways to deal with such stress situations. In this chapter, abiotic stress due to metal toxicity in rice plant, which includes uptake and sequestration mechanisms, biochemical changes taking place in the plant and variation in their gene expression is elucidated. Based on several molecular and biochemical studies in various reviews and research papers, the role of different transporters like zinc-regulated transporter (ZIP), natural resistance-associated macrophage protein (NRAMP), copper transporter (COPT), yellow stripe like (YSL), heavy metal ATPase (HMA), metal tolerance protein (MTP) and other vascular transporters involved in the above processes in rice plant will be discussed in this chapter.","PeriodicalId":433846,"journal":{"name":"Rice Crop - Current Developments","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130229454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rice Crop Rotation: A Solution for Weed Management","authors":"Ananda Scherner, F. Schreiber, A. Andres, GermaniConcenço, M. Martins, A. Pitol","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.75884","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.75884","url":null,"abstract":"The challenges for weed management have increased in rice cultivation due to the high number of cases of herbicide-resistant weeds, especially the widespread distribution of imidazolinone-resistant weedy rice. Therefore, there has been particular interest in pre- ventive, physical, and cultural methods in recent decades. In this context, the adoption of the rice-soybean rotation is reported to be one of the most important factors for weed management in rice fields. Additionally, the use of a diversified crop rotation enables the implementation of a broader herbicide program, which is an important feature influenc - ing weed population dynamics. Rice-soybean rotation has been adopted by farmers to control problematic weed species, reduce seed bank of troublesome weed species, and prevent rice grain yield and quality losses caused by its interference. This crop rotation scheme has brought several benefits when it comes to weed management; however, there are also some drawbacks when adopting this strategy such as the limited productivity of soybean and new weed species becoming problematic, such as Conyza species. Thus, this chapter explores the advantages and disadvantages of adopting crop rotation in Brazilian lowlands, and proposes a set of strategies to successfully implement crop rotation in lowland soils as a tool for weed management.","PeriodicalId":433846,"journal":{"name":"Rice Crop - Current Developments","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126969747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the Impact of Collective Marketing of Paddy Rice in Innovation Platforms by Smallholder Producers in Benin","authors":"A. Arouna","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76112","url":null,"abstract":"Market access is a major constraint of smallholder rice producers in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). There is increasing evidence that acting collectively offers one way for smallholders to participate more efficiently in the market. This chapter aimed to identify the determinants of participation in collective marketing of rice in innovation platforms in Benin and quantify its impact on household income and food security. Unlike previous studies, we used the local average treatment effect parameter to assess the impact of collective marketing of rice. Data were collected from a random sample of 257 smallholder rice producers. Results showed that participation in collective marketing increased the income of rice farmers on average by USD 148/ha. Main determinants of participation in collective marketing of rice were membership in a farmer group, training, and agreement on price. This chapter concludes that better training and well-functioning farmer groups sustain the impact of collective marketing of rice on food security.","PeriodicalId":433846,"journal":{"name":"Rice Crop - Current Developments","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115847947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Iron Biofortification of Rice: Progress and Prospects","authors":"Andrew De Xian Kok, Low Lee Yoon, R. Sekeli, Wee ChienYeong, Z. Yusof, L. Song","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.73572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.73572","url":null,"abstract":"Biofortification is the process of improving the bioavailability of essential nutrients in food crops either through conventional breeding or modern biotechnology techniques. Rice is one of the most demanding staple foods worldwide. Most global population live on a diet based on rice as the main carbohydrate source that serve as suitable target for biofortification. In general, polished grain or white rice contains nutritionally insufficient concentration of iron (Fe) to meet the daily requirements in diets. Therefore, iron biofortification in rice offers an inexpensive and sustainable solution to mitigate iron deficiency. However, understanding on the mechanism and genes involved in iron uptake in rice is a prerequisite for successful iron biofortification. In this chapter, the overview of iron uptake strategies in plants and as well as different iron-biofortified approaches used in rice will be outlined. Then, the challenges and future prospects of rice iron biofortification to improve global human health will also be discussed.","PeriodicalId":433846,"journal":{"name":"Rice Crop - Current Developments","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130553670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic Analysis of Biofortification of Micronutrient Breeding in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)","authors":"S. Palanisamy","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.72810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.72810","url":null,"abstract":"Rice is a staple food for millions of people and has great importance in food and nutri- tional security. Rice is the second most widely consumed in the world next to wheat. The poorest to the richest person in the world consumes rice in one or other form. New research on the importance of micronutrients, vitamins and proteins aims at biological and genetic enrichment. Vital nutrients that the farmer can grow indefinitely without any additional input to produce nutrient-packed rice grains in a sustainable way is the only feasible way of reaching the malnourished population in India. In the present study, an attempt has been made to improve the nutritional quality of rice.","PeriodicalId":433846,"journal":{"name":"Rice Crop - Current Developments","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116535295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methanogens Harboring in Rice Rhizosphere Reduce Labile Organic Carbon Compounds to Produce Methane Gas","authors":"P. Pramanik, P. Kim","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.73299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.73299","url":null,"abstract":"Submerged rice paddy soils are one of the major anthropogenic sources of methane (CH4) emission to the atmosphere. Methane is the second most important greenhouse gas after carbon dioxide. Methanogens are strictly anaerobic microorganisms and CH4 is the metabolic end product of those methanogens. Methane is produced by methanogens through multi-step enzyme-mediated process. Methanogens convert labile organic carbon compounds in CH4 and application of organic matter in submerged rice field significantly increased CH4 emission from soil to the atmosphere. The rate of methanogenesis may be determined by quantifying biomarkers namely methyl coenzyme M reductase A (mcrA) gene and coenzyme M (2-mercaptoethane sulphonate) in soil. Nickel ions are present as cofactor in enzymes involved in methanogenesis. Methane emission can be mitigated by application of EDTA at suitable rate in the soil of submerged rice field.","PeriodicalId":433846,"journal":{"name":"Rice Crop - Current Developments","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129883262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anther Culture as a Supplementary Tool for Rice Breeding","authors":"D. M. R. G. Mayakaduwa, T. Silva","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76157","url":null,"abstract":"There is a timely need to harness biotechnology and related tools to support conven- tional breeding strategies, overcoming the limitations in rice production and improving quantity and quality as well as climatic and disease stress tolerance of the crop. Anther culture allows immediate fixation of homozygosity through diploidization of regener ated haploid plants and therefore serves as an efficient path for inbred line development. Anther culture has been successfully used to hasten the breeding programs in several crop species including rice. However, associated constraints still prevent the realization of its full potential. Even though anther culture technique has been effective for Japonica rice breeding, applicability for Indica rice remains limited mainly due to inherent recal- citrant genetic background. Constraints associated with Indica rice can be identified as early anther necrosis, poor callus induction and proliferation, extremely low green plant regeneration and frequent albinism. Success of androgenesis is determined by factors such as genotype, physiological status of donor plant, pollen development stage at cul- ture, composition and physical status of culture media, culture incubation conditions and anther pretreatments. This chapter has detailed out the scope for improving the applicability of anther culture technique on rice in order to develop it as a supplementary breeding tool. include high temperature and chilling, high humidity, water stress, anaerobic treatment, cen-trifugation, sucrose and nitrogen starvation, ethanol, γ-irradiation, use of microtubule dis ruptive agents, electrostimulation, high medium pH, and heavy metal treatment.","PeriodicalId":433846,"journal":{"name":"Rice Crop - Current Developments","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117271663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural Resistance of Sri Lankan Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Varieties to Broad-Spectrum Herbicides (Glyphosate and Glufosinate)","authors":"S. Weerakoon, S. Somaratne, E. M. S. I.Ekanayaka, Sachithri Munasighe","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.76991","url":null,"abstract":"Since studies on herbicide-resistant rice (HRR) are limited in Sri Lanka, the present study conducted to screen the naturally existing glyphosate and glufosinate resistance in traditional and inbred rice varieties. Six traditional varieties and nineteen inbred lines were selected for the study. Complete randomized design with three pots with 10 replicates for each herbicide concentration was employed. Optimal concentrations of glyphosate (0.5 gl −1 ) and glufosinate (0.05 gl −1 ) were applied at 3–4 leaf stages. Varieties ≥50% survival percentage was considered as resistant to respective herbicides. Twelve varieties showed resistance (≥50%) at 0.5 gl −1 glyphosate concentration. Survived plants were monitored and agro-morphological and yield characters/parameters were mea- sured. Fifteen varieties were to glufosinate at 0.05 gl −1 . Even though no significant differ ences (p > 0.05) were observed in growth parameters across control and treated plants, there was a yield penalty. Nine varieties (At362, Bg352, Bg359, Bg366, Bg369, Bg379-2, Bg403, Bg454, and Pachchaperumal) indicated moderate resistance to both glyphosate and glufosinate. The emerged HRRs indicated varying responses of agro-morphological and yield characters across the type of herbicide and the variety. Glyphosate reduced the growth parameters and yield penalty compared to glufosinate treated varieties. These HRR varieties have a higher potential in rice breeding programs and in develop ing HR rice varieties in future. Bg305—1%) lethal 0.05 gl −1 glufosinate 0.5 gl glyphosate. rice varieties Bg250—83%, Bg300—96%, Bg352— 100%, Bg357—53%, Bg359—100%, Bg360—96%, Bg366—73%, Bg369—83%, Bg379/2—93%, Bg403—100%, Bg450—57%, Bg454—97%, Bg94/1—73%, Pachchaperumal —53%) showed natural resistance under glufosinate application and 12 rice varieties (At362—75%, Bg352— 50%, Bg359—55%, Bg366—65%, Bg369—60%, Bg379/2—65%, Bg403—60%, Bg454—55%, Ld365—70%, Kaluheenati —55%, Kuruluthuda —55%, Pachchaperumal —70%) were able to sur vive under glyphosate application. Results indicated that nine varieties (At362, Bg352, Bg359, Bg366, Bg369, Bg379-2, Bg403, Bg454 and Pachchaperumal were resistant for both glyphosate and glufosinate","PeriodicalId":433846,"journal":{"name":"Rice Crop - Current Developments","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126750415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Rice (Oryza sativa L.): A Genomics Perspective of Salinity Tolerance","authors":"M. Saeed","doi":"10.5772/INTECHOPEN.73571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5772/INTECHOPEN.73571","url":null,"abstract":"Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the main source of staple food for human population. Salinity is the major problem for agricultural production and it affects rice production globally. Different approaches have been developed and exploited to ameliorate the harmful effects of salinity on crop production. Development of salt-tolerant cultivars is the best option which ensures sustainable crop production. Genomics approaches have the potential to accelerate breeding process for the development of salt tolerant crop cultivars. Molecular mapping techniques are the most promising component of genomics. Molecular mapping approaches have greatly helped in the identification of genomic regions involved in salinity tolerance in different crop plants, including rice. Identified genomic regions associated with salinity tolerance accelerated molecular breeding efforts to develop salt-tolerant rice cultivars. Molecular mapping techniques (both linkage and association mapping) are the main components of genomics and these helped in the identification of genomic regions associated with salt-tolerance in rice. In this chapter, a detailed description of molecular mapping techniques, and major findings made by these techniques is presented. Future prospects of these techniques are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":433846,"journal":{"name":"Rice Crop - Current Developments","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121793609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}