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Journal of Soil Contamination最新文献

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Chemical Fate and Transport of Atrazine in Soil Gravel Materials at Agrichemical Distribution Facilities 阿特拉津在农用化学品配送设施土壤砂砾物料中的化学归宿与迁移
Journal of Soil Contamination Pub Date : 1999-05-01 DOI: 10.1080/10588339991339388
W. Roy, I. Krapac, S. Chou
{"title":"Chemical Fate and Transport of Atrazine in Soil Gravel Materials at Agrichemical Distribution Facilities","authors":"W. Roy, I. Krapac, S. Chou","doi":"10.1080/10588339991339388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10588339991339388","url":null,"abstract":"The gravel commonly used to cover parking lots and roadways at retail agrichemical facilities may contain relatively large concentrations of pesticides that resulted from past management problems. These pesticides may threaten groundwater quality. Previous studies, however, suggested that the pesticides had not moved from the gravel in several sample profiles. Excavations at a closed facility revealed tremendous variability in pesticide distribution within the site. Pesticides were present below the gravel in two profiles, but the mechanism(s) for their movement were not clear. The objectives of this study were to investigate how the physical and chemical properties of the gravel influence the environmental fate of atrazine. All of the gravel samples collected and characterized contained atrazine and sufficient organic C to adsorb significant amounts of atrazine, thus retarding its movement through the gravel. Laboratory column leaching experiments, however, suggested that much of the atrazine should leac...","PeriodicalId":433778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil Contamination","volume":"305 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124346591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Probabilistic Sensitivity Analysis of Public Health Risk Assessment from Contaminated Soil 污染土壤公共健康风险评估的概率敏感性分析
Journal of Soil Contamination Pub Date : 1999-05-01 DOI: 10.1080/10588339991339342
Maged M. Hamed
{"title":"Probabilistic Sensitivity Analysis of Public Health Risk Assessment from Contaminated Soil","authors":"Maged M. Hamed","doi":"10.1080/10588339991339342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10588339991339342","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, there has been a growing trend toward using stochastic (probabilistic) methods in ecological and public health risk assessment. These methods are favored because they overcome the problem of compounded conservatism and allow the systematic consideration of uncertainty and variability typically encountered in risk assessment. This article demonstrates a new methodology for the analysis of uncertainty in risk assessment using the first-order reliability method (FORM). The reliability method is formulated such that the probability that incremental lifetime cancer risk exceeds a predefined threshold level is calculated. Furthermore, the stochastic sensitivity of this probability with respect to the random variables is provided. The emphasis is on exploring the different types of probabilistic sensitivity obtained through the reliability analysis. The method is applied to a case study given by Thompson et al. (1992) on cancer risk resulting from dermal contact with benzo(a)pyrene (BaP)-contaminated s...","PeriodicalId":433778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil Contamination","volume":"13 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120822355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 13
Strategy for Restoration of Brine-Disturbed Land 盐渍化土地恢复策略研究
Journal of Soil Contamination Pub Date : 1999-05-01 DOI: 10.1080/10588339991339351
A. Atalay, T. Pyle, R. Lynch
{"title":"Strategy for Restoration of Brine-Disturbed Land","authors":"A. Atalay, T. Pyle, R. Lynch","doi":"10.1080/10588339991339351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10588339991339351","url":null,"abstract":"Brine-affected land at oil exploration sites is a prime source of pollution to soil, plant, and aquatic communities. The two primary effects of brine on soil are (1) degradation of soil structure and (2) alteration of the osmotic gradient between plant roots and the soil. Runoff from the damaged land also degrades the quality of receiving streams. The objective of this study was to assess the extent of damage caused by brine on a productive land and two adjacent streams. Data on soil quality revealed that over time the combined effects of brine and erosion had left the land devoid of vegetation. Detailed soil analyses showed elevated levels of soluble salt, moderate pH (7.5), high clay content (>38%), electrical conductivity values that ranged from 7 to 62 dSm−1, and very high exchangeable sodium percentage (70%). The water quality of the two receiving streams was severely impacted by high salt and sediment loading. Based on soil and water quality data from the disturbed site, a strategy was developed to ...","PeriodicalId":433778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil Contamination","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122163878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 11
Removal of Heavy Metals from Contaminated Soil and Sediments Using the Biosurfactant Surfactin 生物表面活性剂Surfactin去除污染土壤和沉积物中的重金属
Journal of Soil Contamination Pub Date : 1999-03-01 DOI: 10.1080/10588339991339324
C. Mulligan, R. Yong, B. Gibbs
{"title":"Removal of Heavy Metals from Contaminated Soil and Sediments Using the Biosurfactant Surfactin","authors":"C. Mulligan, R. Yong, B. Gibbs","doi":"10.1080/10588339991339324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10588339991339324","url":null,"abstract":"The feasibility of using a biodegradable surfactant, surfactin from Bacillus subtilis, for the removal of heavy metals from a contaminated soil (890 mg/kg zinc, 420 mg/kg copper, 12.6% oil and grease) and sediments (110 mg/kg copper, 3300 mg/kg zinc) was evaluated. Results showed that after one and five batch washings of the soil, 25 and 70% of the copper, 6 and 25% of the zinc, and 5 and 15% of the cadmium could be removed by 0.1% surfactin with 1% NaOH, respectively. From the sediment, 15% of the copper and 6% of the zinc could be removed after a single washing with 0.25% surfactin/1% NaOH. The geochemical speciation of the heavy metals among the exchangeable, oxide, carbonate, organic, and residual fractions was determined by selective sequential extraction procedure. For both matrices, the exchangeable fractions were minimal, while the carbonate and the oxide fractions accounted for over 90% of the zinc present and the organic fraction constituted over 70% of the copper. Results after washing indicate...","PeriodicalId":433778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil Contamination","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133917910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 90
Effects of Water and pH on the Oxidative Oligomerization of Chloro an Methoxyphenol by a Montmorillonite Clay 水和pH对氯和甲氧基苯酚在蒙脱土上氧化低聚的影响
Journal of Soil Contamination Pub Date : 1999-03-01 DOI: 10.1080/10588339991339298
S. Desjardins, J. A. Landry, J. Farant
{"title":"Effects of Water and pH on the Oxidative Oligomerization of Chloro an Methoxyphenol by a Montmorillonite Clay","authors":"S. Desjardins, J. A. Landry, J. Farant","doi":"10.1080/10588339991339298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10588339991339298","url":null,"abstract":"This study focussed on the capacity of a montmorillonite clay to oxidize organic contaminants having activating (methoxyphenol) and deactivating (chlorophenol) substituent groups when pH and water conditions are changing. The amount and strength of Lewis and Br⊘nsted acidity of the clay was measured using organic indicator and titration methods. Water plays two distinct roles in the oxidation of such contaminants by clays: (1) it neutralizes the clay's Lewis acidity, thereby preventing chlorophenol from getting oxidized in significant yields; (2) it does not successfully compete with methoxyphenol for Lewis acid sites because high dimer yields are observed. The high capacity of Na+, Ca2+, and Fe3+ clays to oxidize phenolic compounds at high pH appears to be caused by phenolates being more reactive than the protonated form. The Lewis and Br⊘nsted acidity measurement of the various homoionic clays tested help explain the high capacity of the clays to oxidize phenolic compounds at low and high pH and their l...","PeriodicalId":433778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil Contamination","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127220114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Oxidation and Mobility of Trivalent Chromium in Manganese-Enriched Clays during Electrokinetic Remediation 三价铬在富锰黏土中的氧化和迁移特性
Journal of Soil Contamination Pub Date : 1999-03-01 DOI: 10.1080/10588339991339306
S. Chinthamreddy, K. Reddy
{"title":"Oxidation and Mobility of Trivalent Chromium in Manganese-Enriched Clays during Electrokinetic Remediation","authors":"S. Chinthamreddy, K. Reddy","doi":"10.1080/10588339991339306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10588339991339306","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents the results of an investigation that assessed the extent and effect of oxidation of Cr(III) in manganese-enriched clays on the electrokinetic remedial efficiency. Because chromium commonly exists along with nickel and cadmium at contaminated sites, the effects of changes in chromium redox chemistry on the migration of the coexisting nickel and cadmium was also studied. Bench-scale electrokinetic experiments were conducted using two different clays: kaolin, a typical low buffering soil, and glacial till, a high buffering soil. Tests were performed with 1000 mg/kg of Cr(III), 500 mg/kg of Ni(II), and 250 mg/kg of Cd(II), both with and without the presence of 1000 mg/kg of manganese. All of these experiments were conducted under a constant voltage gradient of 1.0 VDC/ cm. The experimental results showed that in the presence of manganese, percentages of oxidation of Cr(III) into Cr(VI) ranged from 67% in kaolin to 28% in glacial till even before the application of induced electric potent...","PeriodicalId":433778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil Contamination","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131264401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 38
A Study of Vadose Zone Transport Model VLEACH 渗流带输运模型VLEACH的研究
Journal of Soil Contamination Pub Date : 1999-03-01 DOI: 10.1080/10588339991339315
Y. Rong
{"title":"A Study of Vadose Zone Transport Model VLEACH","authors":"Y. Rong","doi":"10.1080/10588339991339315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10588339991339315","url":null,"abstract":"Application of vadose zone transport models has been hampered by lack of model validation. Difficulties to validate vadose zone models using field data not only come from model assumptions that are uncertain to the subsurface transport processes but also from the uncertainties associated with soil contaminants’ release time and quantity, soil sampling, sample transport, and analytical procedures. This article first conducts a test of a popularly used vadose zone transport VLEACH by comparing model results with a set of laboratory soil column infiltration and volatilization study data. The comparison shows a close agreement between the VLEACH model results and the laboratory data. Second, the sorption coefficient Kd calculated in VLEACH is compared with field data. The comparison indicates that VLEACH may overestimate the mass leached from soil to groundwater. The article also discusses the selection of the model simulation timestep, the vertical dimension increment, the Courant criterion, and the lower bo...","PeriodicalId":433778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil Contamination","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129290244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
Treatment of Used Diesel Invert Drilling Mud to Remove Hydrocarbons, Fix Lead, and Leach Brine 废柴油反相钻井液去除碳氢化合物、固定铅和浸出盐水的处理
Journal of Soil Contamination Pub Date : 1999-03-01 DOI: 10.1080/10588339991339333
A. Majid, B. D. Sparks, A. Khan, Jingcheng Xu
{"title":"Treatment of Used Diesel Invert Drilling Mud to Remove Hydrocarbons, Fix Lead, and Leach Brine","authors":"A. Majid, B. D. Sparks, A. Khan, Jingcheng Xu","doi":"10.1080/10588339991339333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10588339991339333","url":null,"abstract":"A sample of used, highly saline diesel invert drilling mud (DIDM), artificially contaminated with lead, was tested for remediation using ICPET/ NRC's Solvent Extraction Soil Remediation (SESR) process. The work comprised investigation of the concurrent solvent extraction of diesel oil and fixation of lead by co-agglomeration of metal binding agents. Peat, soluble and insoluble phosphates, coal combustion fly ashes, and flue gas desulfurization scrubber sludge were tested as lead fixation agents. Virtually complete extraction of diesel oil was achieved in a five-step extraction process using toluene, trichloroethylene, or hexane as solvents. The effect of the metal fixation agents on solvent extraction efficiency was also investigated. After remediation to remove hydrocarbons and fix heavy metals, the DIDM sample remained saline. Successful leaching of brine from the dried agglomerates was accomplished by water percolation through a fixed bed of the dried, agglomerated soil. The cleaned DIDM was evaluated ...","PeriodicalId":433778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil Contamination","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123612709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Investigative Strategies for a Large Former Industrial Facility “The Diamond Shamrock Painesville Works Site”—Case Study of Preremedial Investigation Activities 大型前工业设施“钻石三叶草Painesville工地”的调查策略-医学前调查活动的案例研究
Journal of Soil Contamination Pub Date : 1998-11-01 DOI: 10.1080/10588339891334564
D. Rabbe
{"title":"Investigative Strategies for a Large Former Industrial Facility “The Diamond Shamrock Painesville Works Site”—Case Study of Preremedial Investigation Activities","authors":"D. Rabbe","doi":"10.1080/10588339891334564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10588339891334564","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental managers and regulatory managers face a complex challenge when investigating large geographic sites. The goals of the two parties seem to be diametrically opposed at times. The environmental manager wants to limit his liability both in near-term expenses and in long-term remedial costs and potential litigation. The regulatory manager wants to limit potential exposure of the public and the environment to site contamination. In many ways these goals are the same. However, it appears to the environmental manager that the regulator desires ultraconservative and extensive data collection that prove no risk, whereas it appears to the regulator that the environmental manager may be reluctant to collect such extensive data due to budget limitations. This challenge is amplified when the geographic area of interest is very large. This case study presents an alternative to this dilemma, and it reveals the preliminary steps taken at the 1100-acre Diamond Shamrock Painesville Works Site in Painesville, O...","PeriodicalId":433778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil Contamination","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122639410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Prepared Bed Land Treatment of Soils Containing Diesel and Crude Oil Hydrocarbons 含柴油和原油碳氢化合物土壤的预备床土地处理
Journal of Soil Contamination Pub Date : 1998-11-01 DOI: 10.1080/10588339891334528
F. Olivera, R. Loehr, B. Coplin, H. Eby, M. Webster
{"title":"Prepared Bed Land Treatment of Soils Containing Diesel and Crude Oil Hydrocarbons","authors":"F. Olivera, R. Loehr, B. Coplin, H. Eby, M. Webster","doi":"10.1080/10588339891334528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10588339891334528","url":null,"abstract":"An ex situ, field-scale, prepared bed land treatment unit (LTU) was used to bio-remediate soils containing petroleum hydrocarbons. Two soils were treated in side-by-side units to compare performance: (1) a clayey silt containing crude oil hydrocarbons from releases 30 to 40 years ago and (2) a silty sand containing diesel fuel hydrocarbons from a leak about three years prior to the bioremediation. The effectiveness of the bioremediation in the LTU was evaluated over a period of 18 months. The results indicated that: (1) prepared bed bioremediation reduced the hydrocarbon concentration, mobility, and relative toxicity in the soil with the diesel fuel, and (2) chemical bioavailability appeared to limit bioremediation of the soil containing the crude oil hydrocarbons. Although the soils containing the crude oil hydrocarbons contained an average of 10,000 mg TPH/kg dry soil, these soils had limited hydrocarbon availability, nontoxic conditions, and low potential for chemical migration. For the soils containin...","PeriodicalId":433778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Soil Contamination","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131283139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 13
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