Economics of Peace and Security Journal最新文献_第10页

Macroeconomic benefits of farmer-pastoralist peace in Nigeria’s Middle Belt: An input-output analysis approach 尼日利亚中部地区农牧民和平的宏观经济效益:投入产出分析方法

IF 0.6

Economics of Peace and Security Journal Pub Date : 2015-04-01 DOI: 10.15355/EPSJ.10.1.66

Topher L. McDougal, Talia Hagerty, Lisa Inks, C. Dowd, S. Conroy

{"title":"Macroeconomic benefits of farmer-pastoralist peace in Nigeria’s Middle Belt: An input-output analysis approach","authors":"Topher L. McDougal, Talia Hagerty, Lisa Inks, C. Dowd, S. Conroy","doi":"10.15355/EPSJ.10.1.66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15355/EPSJ.10.1.66","url":null,"abstract":"This article reports on the potential macroeconomic benefits of peace stemming from a reduction in farmer-pastoralist violence in four Middle Belt states of Nigeria (Benue, Kaduna, Nasarawa, and Plateau). Farmers and pastoralists routinely clash over access to farmland, grazing areas, stock routes, and water points for both animals and households. Farmer-pastoralist violence in these states is a relatively low-intensity form of conflict, but it is regionally widespread and chronic, and its incidence is arguably increasing. Using estimates of potential income benefits of peace at the household-level derived from a related study, we herein derive macroeconomic benefits via an input-output model of the Nigerian economy. We estimate these benefits to amount to around 2.8 percent of the nominal Nigerian GDP (or around 0.8 percent of the total Nigerian GDP, inclusive of the informal sector), representing a major macroeconomic opportunity. We break out these benefits by sector, showing that the sectors that stand to gain most from peace are the crop production, food and beverage, livestock, and chemical and petroleum industries.","PeriodicalId":43334,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Peace and Security Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"66-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2015-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66908239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Political instability and discontinuity in Nigeria: The pre-colonial past and public goods provision under colonial and post-colonial political orders 尼日利亚的政治不稳定和不连续性:殖民和后殖民政治秩序下的前殖民历史和公共产品供应

IF 0.6

Economics of Peace and Security Journal Pub Date : 2015-04-01 DOI: 10.15355/EPSJ.10.1.40

Kostadis J. Papaioannou, Angus Dalrymple-Smith

{"title":"Political instability and discontinuity in Nigeria: The pre-colonial past and public goods provision under colonial and post-colonial political orders","authors":"Kostadis J. Papaioannou, Angus Dalrymple-Smith","doi":"10.15355/EPSJ.10.1.40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15355/EPSJ.10.1.40","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores the relative importance of pre-colonial institutional capacity and the effects of periods of peace and stability on long-term development outcomes in Nigeria. We use data on education, health, and public works at a provincial level from a variety of colonial and Nigerian state sources to apply a decade-by-decade analysis of public goods provision in Nigeria from 1900 to 2010. Using a newly constructed measure of pre-colonial institutional capacity our results suggest that colonial-era investments were influenced by pre-colonial conditions and that the pax colonia allowed for a strong path dependency until the second world war. Contrary to other studies, which find evidence of pre-colonial centralization affecting current outcomes. In particular, we find that the post-1945 era saw a break in the pattern developed earlier in the century. Rising regionalism from the 1950s led to violent conflict and military dictatorship and caused decades of unstable and unpredictable patterns of investment which ended only with the reestablishment of democracy in the 1990s. Therefore, a key explanatory variable to understanding patterns of public goods provision seems to be the level of political stability which the Nigerian state experienced at different points during the 20th century.","PeriodicalId":43334,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Peace and Security Journal","volume":"10 1","pages":"40-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2015-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66908155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

Sicherheitspolitik im Arktischen Rat? Lieber nicht! 北极理事会安全政策?不不什么?

IF 0.6

Economics of Peace and Security Journal Pub Date : 2015-01-01 DOI: 10.5771/0175-274X-2015-3-23

Christoph Humrich

引用次数: 3

External actors’ role in solving local collective action problems in a post-conflict setting: A case study of Turkish Cypriot beekeepers 外部行为者在解决冲突后当地集体行动问题中的作用:土族塞人养蜂人的案例研究

IF 0.6

Economics of Peace and Security Journal Pub Date : 2014-10-01 DOI: 10.15355/EPSJ.9.2.19

Omer Gokcekus, C. Finnegan, H. Çakal

{"title":"External actors’ role in solving local collective action problems in a post-conflict setting: A case study of Turkish Cypriot beekeepers","authors":"Omer Gokcekus, C. Finnegan, H. Çakal","doi":"10.15355/EPSJ.9.2.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15355/EPSJ.9.2.19","url":null,"abstract":"In addition to legal constraints and social-psychological barriers, in a post-conflict setting mutually beneficial economic transactions might not occur due to the widening gap between the health, quality, and environmental standards of the parties. A lack of incentives during the years of conflict prevent the members of the weaker party, the one economically isolated from the rest of the world, from engaging in the collective learning necessary to upgrade the health and packaging standards of their commodities. In this study, we detail the technical, political, and legal challenges external actors must consider in order to successfully help small businesses in a post-conflict environment. Specifically, we explain how the EU helped Turkish Cypriot beekeepers by supplying funds to support training and educational programs, and upgrade the equipment used by the beekeepers. We demonstrate that third parties, like the EU, can provide the impetus for domestic institutions—such as producers associations, chambers of commerce, and cooperatives—to overcome their collective action problem. [JEL codes: D74, H56, O1]","PeriodicalId":43334,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Peace and Security Journal","volume":"9 1","pages":"19-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66913990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Hearts and minds cannot be bought: Ineffective reconstruction in Afghanistan 人心不可收买:阿富汗重建无效

IF 0.6

Economics of Peace and Security Journal Pub Date : 2014-10-01 DOI: 10.15355/EPSJ.9.2.43

T. Child

引用次数: 25

Violence and socioeconomic conditions in Cape Town 开普敦的暴力和社会经济状况

IF 0.6

Economics of Peace and Security Journal Pub Date : 2014-10-01 DOI: 10.15355/EPSJ.9.2.34

J. Seekings, Kai M. Thaler

{"title":"Violence and socioeconomic conditions in Cape Town","authors":"J. Seekings, Kai M. Thaler","doi":"10.15355/EPSJ.9.2.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15355/EPSJ.9.2.34","url":null,"abstract":"There is considerable debate over the causes of violence around the world, one which goes beyond the analysis of conflict to consider the dynamics of community behavior and the importance of economic and behavioral factors. One of the most interesting countries to study is South Africa, where violence seems to have increased rather than declined since democratization. South Africa competes with Colombia, Venezuela, and a number of Central American countries for the unwelcome distinction of having among the world’s highest homicide rates, and high prevalence of other forms of violence, including domestic and sexual violence, are also appallingly prevalent. This article presents an analysis of data from a panel of young men in Cape Town. It provides little support for the hypothesis that unemployment and poverty are direct causes of violence against strangers. The impact of drinking (or taking drugs) by adults in the home or by the young men themselves, living in a bad neighborhood, and immediate poverty are associated with violence against strangers, but being unemployed is not. This suggests that few young people in South Africa in the early 2000s come from backgrounds that strongly predispose them against the use of violence. [JEL codes: D74, O55]","PeriodicalId":43334,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Peace and Security Journal","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66914124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

THE EFFECTS OF AGRICULTURAL COOPERATIVES ON LAND CONFLICTS, VIOLENCE, AND COMMUNITY TRUST: HOUSEHOLD-LEVEL EVIDENCE FROM BURUNDI 农业合作社对土地冲突、暴力和社区信任的影响:来自布隆迪的家庭层面证据

IF 0.6

Economics of Peace and Security Journal Pub Date : 2014-10-01 DOI: 10.15355/EPSJ.9.2.5

Topher L. McDougal, L. Almquist

{"title":"THE EFFECTS OF AGRICULTURAL COOPERATIVES ON LAND CONFLICTS, VIOLENCE, AND COMMUNITY TRUST: HOUSEHOLD-LEVEL EVIDENCE FROM BURUNDI","authors":"Topher L. McDougal, L. Almquist","doi":"10.15355/EPSJ.9.2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15355/EPSJ.9.2.5","url":null,"abstract":"Facing a population growth rate of 3.2 percent and dwindling per capita land access, many rural communities in Burundi are experimenting with land cooperatives to collectivize risk, share information, reap economies of scale (if any), and build trust between association members. We use unique field data gathered by one author (Almquist) during a one-shot evaluation of a cooperative association operating in three villages in southern Burundi. We employ pseudo difference-in-differences logistic regression models to assess the effects of the cooperative on the (1) incidence of reported land conflicts between 2008 and 2011, (2) perceived community land inequality, (3) reported acceptability of land inequality, (4) violence toward acquaintances, (5) trust of colleagues, and (6) trust of neighbors. We find no evidence that cooperatives affect the incidence of land conflicts, but do find that residents of cooperative villages exhibit heightened perceptions of, and lower tolerance for, land inequalities; they are less likely to report violence toward acquaintances, but cooperative members are more likely to do so than nonmembers; and nonmember residents of active cooperative villages report less trust toward neighbors. We speculate that one weakness of cooperatives is that they may heighten the risk of violence between members and nonmembers.","PeriodicalId":43334,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Peace and Security Journal","volume":"9 1","pages":"5-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2014-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66914307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

IDENTIFYING CORRUPTION RISKS IN THE DEFENSE AND SECURITY SECTOR: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE USING THE GOVERNMENT DEFENSE ANTI-CORRUPTION INDEX 识别国防和安全部门的腐败风险:使用政府国防反腐败指数的经验证据

IF 0.6

Economics of Peace and Security Journal Pub Date : 2014-10-01 DOI: 10.15355/EPSJ.9.2.27

Oliver Cover, S. Mustafa

引用次数: 5

Social Capital, Sociopolitical Instability, and Economic Development: A General Equilibrium Model 社会资本、社会政治不稳定与经济发展:一个一般均衡模型

IF 0.6

Economics of Peace and Security Journal Pub Date : 2014-04-18 DOI: 10.15355/EPSJ.9.1.19

Javier Alcántar-Toledo, Yannis P. Venieris

{"title":"Social Capital, Sociopolitical Instability, and Economic Development: A General Equilibrium Model","authors":"Javier Alcántar-Toledo, Yannis P. Venieris","doi":"10.15355/EPSJ.9.1.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15355/EPSJ.9.1.19","url":null,"abstract":"This essay describes the main features of a general equilibrium model of social capital and social conflict. According to the model, agents decide to participate in a number of conflict events while, at the same time, accumulate social capital. In the process, the government interacts with the economic actors by discouraging civil disobedience and social violence. The results show that social conflict is decreasing with the accumulation of physical capital, human capital, social capital, and government expenses on social development programs. Output growth in the economy depends positively upon accumulation of all types of capitals and social development funding, and negatively upon social conflict. More importantly, social capital is found to have a considerable positive effect on growth not only directly via investment, as suggested by recent empirical literature, but also indirectly by reducing the levels of social conflict. The model shows that the growth trajectories of the economy display a history-dependent pattern of growth with multiple-equilibria where countries converge to a nontrivial stable steady-state in the long-run. We also provide evidence in favor of the club convergence hypothesis which is predicated upon the initial levels of all types of capitals and the underlying level of social conflict.","PeriodicalId":43334,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Peace and Security Journal","volume":"9 1","pages":"19-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2014-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"66913575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Effect of Media on Domestic Violence Norms: Evidence from India 媒体对家庭暴力规范的影响:来自印度的证据

IF 0.6

Economics of Peace and Security Journal Pub Date : 2014-04-18 DOI: 10.15355/EPSJ.9.1.58

K. Bhushan, Prakarsh Singh

引用次数: 14