NCSL International Workshop & Symposium Conference Proceedings 2017最新文献

{"title":"Study of High-temperature Three-zone Furnace and Realization of Uniform Temperature Field","authors":"Yan-qing Fan","doi":"10.51843/wsproceedings.2017.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51843/wsproceedings.2017.35","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a unique design using alumina insulation discs with the Carbolite tube furnace was proposed to enhance the temperature uniformity and reduce the heat loss when the furnace temperature is above 1000 °C. The assessment of the high temperature furnace characteristics including axial temperature distribution, radial temperature distribution, furnace loading effect and furnace reproducibility study, was conducted by using 2 pieces of Type B thermocouples after examining their in homogeneity and calibration results. The results showed that the heat loss of the furnace can be minimized and a practical realization of the temperature uniformity in both axial and radial directions can be achieved based on the different measurement requirements. In this study, it indicates that the minimum furnace non-uniformity is 0.9 °C in the temperature range 1000 • 1200 °C when immersion depth of the thermocouples are fixed at 550 mm, and the maximum furnace non-uniformity is 4.0 °C in the temperature range 1200 • 1300 °C at 200 mm zone (400 • 600 mm). Therefore, the minimum length requirement for the thermocouple using this furnace is 580 mm in future calibrations and best axial uniformity can be achieved when the thermocouple length is longer than 730 mm.","PeriodicalId":432978,"journal":{"name":"NCSL International Workshop & Symposium Conference Proceedings 2017","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132634394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A New Semi-Automated System for the Determination of Effective Area of Ruska/Fluke Calibration 246X  Piston-Cylinders","authors":"M. Blair","doi":"10.51843/wsproceedings.2017.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51843/wsproceedings.2017.04","url":null,"abstract":"Model 2465 and 2468 Piston Gauges are used to disseminate traceability in gas pressure at a very low uncertainty for various applications in a range of 1.4 to 7000 kPa in gauge or absolute modes. The most important and the most difficult metrological characteristic to determine is the effective area of the piston-cylinder, the primary measuring element of a piston gauge. The process to determine effective area, called crossfloating, can be time consuming and subject to influences by the personnel performing the work if done manually. The Fluke Calibration Primary Pressure and Flow Laboratory supports the effective area determination of over 200 of these piston-cylinders each year. These crossfloats can take up to eight hours to perform depending on the range. In June of 2016 efforts were taken by the Fluke Calibration Phoenix team to completely redesign the cross float bench for these piston-cylinders to improve process time without degradation of results. The intent was to design a system similar to the technology developed by Fluke Calibration in 2008 for a fully automated crossfloat system for a different model, but with some limitations on automation. The result was better than what was expected. This paper discusses the design of the crossfloat system, the methods used to validate the new process, and a compilation of the overall results.","PeriodicalId":432978,"journal":{"name":"NCSL International Workshop & Symposium Conference Proceedings 2017","volume":"45 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116896122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experience of Uruguay Bringing Metrology Closer to the Population","authors":"C. Santo","doi":"10.51843/wsproceedings.2017.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51843/wsproceedings.2017.30","url":null,"abstract":"LATU is a public-private organization that celebrated its 50th anniversary on 2015.It is the National Metrology Institute (NMI) for Uruguay designated by law (Nº 15298) since 1982. This law indicates that it is LATUˆs responsibility to advise the Ministry of Industry, Energy and Mining, Legal Metrology authorities, public agencies, industry and trade, on the scientific and technological aspects of Metrology and to disseminate information on the System of Units of Measure in schools and public bodies. Since 2010 LATU has been developing five years strategic plans aiming to raise awareness and transfer useful knowledge on the application and impact of measurements in daily living and professional activity. With this purpose, a set of programs and initiatives have been developed addressing different sectors of activity and audiences: Metrology for present needs: A Metrology training program was implemented to respond to specific Metrology training needs in industry users and secondary calibration and test laboratories as well as regulators and other public agents; Education in Metrology for the future: Awareness raising and metrology training activities were organized for educational actors of different levels: primary, high school, technical and university teachers, including audiovisual products and e-learning technology; Metrology for everyone: Educational activities to create awareness within the population of the importance of Metrology in daily life and defense of people rights were organized in order to transfer Metrology knowledge to general public with emphasis in young people. These activities included a hands-on Metrology workshop and a magazine jointly edited by a group of NMs in our region. The processes followed to accomplish these programs, their results, lessons learned and good practices are shared in this article, together with actual challenges and the definition of new strategies to face them.","PeriodicalId":432978,"journal":{"name":"NCSL International Workshop & Symposium Conference Proceedings 2017","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132709153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Horizontal to Vertical: An Increase in Effective Calibration Using Rope Fixtures","authors":"D. Noyes","doi":"10.51843/wsproceedings.2017.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51843/wsproceedings.2017.20","url":null,"abstract":"At our laboratory, the calibration of a cable tension meter was traditionally done in the horizontal plane. This was done primarily due to the configuration of the test machine used at the time of calibration. The accuracy of this measurement was affected by additional forces such as cosine error and gravity affects on the unit under test itself. The implementation of a new, vertical testing machine in our laboratory offered us the opportunity to move the calibration to it and save time while improving the uncertainty of the measurement. However, this action was met with some difficulties that caused us to identify an important improvement not only to our methodology, but also to the basic design of the new test machine. At one point, we even exceeded the capability of our new machine and had to bring in the manufacturer to repair it. We worked with the manufacturer of the machine to increase the common understanding of the type of measurements that their machines may potentially be used for in the field. In the end, we greatly increased both the efficiency as well as the uncertainty of the calibrations for these particular units.","PeriodicalId":432978,"journal":{"name":"NCSL International Workshop & Symposium Conference Proceedings 2017","volume":"672 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114363969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decision Rule Reporting to Comply with [Revised] ISO/IEC 17025","authors":"B. Stern","doi":"10.51843/wsproceedings.2017.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51843/wsproceedings.2017.25","url":null,"abstract":"Laboratories becoming familiar with the new decision rule documentation and reporting requirements of the revised ISO/IEC 17025 will first need to determine which decision rule is most appropriate for the particular situation. A flow chart is presented that covers most use cases encountered in calibration and testing. Multiple decision rule choices exist for global consumer risk use cases, requiring labs to consider the percent risk associated with the rule chosen. This paper provides calculated numeric false accept and false reject risk values for each rule and employs Monte Carlo simulations to provide visualizations of risk for several existing rules in common use. A new rule is also presented featuring additional delineation of risk that labs can easily implement and describe to end customers. For each decision rule, sample report wording is provided, to demonstrate how to apply the rule.","PeriodicalId":432978,"journal":{"name":"NCSL International Workshop & Symposium Conference Proceedings 2017","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127015800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"STEM and Metrology Education Outreach In New Hampshire","authors":"William Hinton","doi":"10.51843/wsproceedings.2017.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51843/wsproceedings.2017.06","url":null,"abstract":"When skilled metrology practitioners leave the industry due to retirement, career change or simply exit the field, we have difficulty obtaining replacement staff with the required training and experience. This is especially critical with the lower numbers of Metrologists coming out of the armed forces. Metrology is historically not a scientific field or career path discussed in the school systems and is rarely understood or discussed by career counselors. The NCSL International Learning and Development initiated the Metrology Ambassador concept whereby Metrology professionals within NCSLI are provided support to engage students and teachers within the community and make them aware of the STEM based world of metrology. My entry into the position of Metrology Ambassador began 15 years ago, and now embraces events ranging from first graders through students in the local community college system. Local industry partners work with me to produce age appropriate STEM/Metrology. These Metrology Ambassadors work with the Governor’s High Tech Council, Girl’s Technology Day event organizers, the governor’s STEM Task Force, the Pre-Engineering Technical Advisory Council and school staffers. There will be examples of things that worked and things that did not. Statements will be provided by teachers, State Department of Education (DOE) staff and students who have participated in these events. This is a long-term project considering the time it takes to expose students to STEM in general and Metrology specifically before we will see results manifested by positive change in the number of people entering these fields. We will need support from all sides to achieve our goal.","PeriodicalId":432978,"journal":{"name":"NCSL International Workshop & Symposium Conference Proceedings 2017","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134561804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maximum Voltage and Possible Over Voltage Failure Mechanism of Multijunction Thermal Converters","authors":"S. Cular","doi":"10.51843/wsproceedings.2017.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51843/wsproceedings.2017.23","url":null,"abstract":"Multijunction Thermal Converters (MJTCs) with heater resistances between 200 Ω and 250 Ωwere tested to determine the maximum voltage prior to failure. The MJTC chips were mounted on alumina substrates and their temperature monitored with 100 Ω (resistance temperature detectors) RTDs. Thermal losses were considered to be minimal over the few millimeters from the MJTC chip to the RTD on the substrate. Thermal imaging was used to map and validate the temperature distribution across the MJTC chip. Voltage was applied to the MJTC in steps taking several minutes each, allowing the MJTC output voltage and substrate temperature to equilibrate. With 20 V applied to an MJTC for over 20 minutes the MJTC output was over 2.1 V, and the substrate temperature increased to 341 K prior to device failure. Based on these measured quantities, the temperature of the resistive element was estimated to have reached approximately 640 K. A Multiphysics model was developed to explore the experiment and confirmed the resistive element of the MJTC design could reach a temperature of approximately 700 K with 20 V applied. Further analysis of the heating of the resistive element, a 70 nm thick, Ni75Cr20Al2.5Cu2.5 film, revealed that at these high temperatures, the major constituents of the alloy could evaporate at a significant enough rate to remove the film within several minutes. Postmortem examination of the MJTCs revealed a pattern indicative of evaporation occurring with a hot spot in the center of the resistive element. With a better understanding of the MJTC failure mechanisms and operating parameter space it is possible to explore new design techniques to further expand the usable voltage range for multijunction thermal converters.","PeriodicalId":432978,"journal":{"name":"NCSL International Workshop & Symposium Conference Proceedings 2017","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129700289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calibration of the Frame Rate of High Speed Digital Video Recorders by Stationary Counting Method:  Application of the Stroboscopic Effect","authors":"Terry Hau Wah LAI","doi":"10.51843/wsproceedings.2017.46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51843/wsproceedings.2017.46","url":null,"abstract":"By applying the characteristic of stroboscopic effect, a new method named Stationary Counting Method for the calibration of the frame rate of digital video recorder has been developed at the Hong Kong Standards and Calibration Laboratory(SCL). The proposed method can determine the frame rate of digital video recorders with the use of a special synchronous counter designed by the SCL. The frequency signal input to the counter is traceable to the Cesium Beam Frequency Standard kept in SCL, as well as traceable to the SI unit. The target devices include high speed digital cameras, smartphones, closed circuit televisions (CCTV) and car cameras. It is common for vehicles to install car cameras to capture the moment when unexpected incidents occur. The recorded videos can be used as court evidences for accident investigation. Therefore, the accuracy of the frame rate is extremely important. The proposed method can be used to find the time duration of the video recorded by a digital camera, as well as the occurrence of skipped or extra frames of the captured video.","PeriodicalId":432978,"journal":{"name":"NCSL International Workshop & Symposium Conference Proceedings 2017","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130411492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Principles of Evaluating the Economic Feasibility of Expenses for the Creation and Maintenance of the  National Measurement Standards at the Required Level ","authors":"P. Neyezhmakov","doi":"10.51843/wsproceedings.2017.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51843/wsproceedings.2017.41","url":null,"abstract":"In the recent years, the problem of evaluation of the economic feasibility of investments in the development of international and national metrology infrastructures has become the target of intensive research in many countries of the world. Particular attention is paid to the justification of the best option from the economic point of view of creating and maintaining(operating) at the proper level the top element of the metrology system of a certain country -the national measurement standards. The purpose of the present paper is the further development of the approach proposed in the NSC \"Institute of Metrology\", that is based on comparing the expenses for transfer the required accuracy of reproduction of the units of physical quantities (PhQ), depending on where PhQ is reproduced: by the national primary measurement standard or foreign one. New versions of algorithms for evaluating the economic feasibility of creating (improving) and maintaining the national primary measurement standards at the required level are considered, taking into account the need for their international recognition (the need for participation in international comparisons), the previously developed algorithms have been modified to take into account the influence of inflation processes on the economic indicators of metrological activity.","PeriodicalId":432978,"journal":{"name":"NCSL International Workshop & Symposium Conference Proceedings 2017","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134308568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrastable Low-Noise Current Amplifier: A New Tool for Small Current Metrology","authors":"H. Scherer","doi":"10.51843/wsproceedings.2017.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51843/wsproceedings.2017.08","url":null,"abstract":"The Ultra stable Low-noise Current Amplifier (ULCA) is a user-friendly and superior alternative to existing instruments for small direct currents in the range between about 1 fA and 5 μA. The principle of the portable laboratory table-top device, operated at room temperature, is based on a novel dual-stage transimpedance amplifier concept. The total transimpedance of 1 GO is calibrated with a cryogenic current comparator with an uncertainty < 0.1 μO/O traceable to the quantum Hall resistance. The output voltage is measured with a voltmeter calibrated traced to the Josephson voltage standard. In addition to its electrometer function, in combination with a voltage source the ULCA also can be used as a current generator. Therefore, it represents a new tool for ultra-accurate small-current measurement and generation traceable to quantum electrical standards. It outperforms commercial devices and calibration setups used in metrology institutes by up to two orders of magnitude in accuracy. The unique features of the ULCA are the excellent stability of its transimpedance (drift less than 5 μO/O per year, short-term fluctuations over one week< 0.1 μO/O), its small temperature coefficient (typically about 0.2 μO/O per Kelvin), fast settling(difference to final value < 0.1 μA/A after 3 s), and the low input current noise of 2.4 fA/vHz. This enables measuring a direct current of 100 pA with a total relative uncertainty of 0.1 μA/A in about 10 h. Besides being excellently suited for R&D in small-current metrology (e.g. for research on single-electron pumps) the ULCA is also widely applicable for calibrations, for instance for electrometers, small-current sources, or high-value resistors. Corresponding fields (and specific examples) are electronic industry (ICs), medicine and biotechnology (dosimetry, radiation protection, DNA sequencers) as well as environmental monitoring (concentration measurements of small particles in air or aerosols), and lighting industry (photo current measurement). Framed by two patent applications, the technology was transferred from the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) to a German company (Magnicon GmbH, Hamburg), which manufactures and markets the ULCA since 2016 licensed by PTB.","PeriodicalId":432978,"journal":{"name":"NCSL International Workshop &amp; Symposium Conference Proceedings 2017","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115762776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}