EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY LIFE最新文献_第5页

More than Eve: Women and Superior Secondariness in English Poetry, 1751–1810 《超越夏娃:英国诗歌中的女性与高级次要地位，1751-1810》

IF 0.1 3区文学

EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY LIFE Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1215/00982601-9467217

Michael Nicholson

{"title":"More than Eve: Women and Superior Secondariness in English Poetry, 1751–1810","authors":"Michael Nicholson","doi":"10.1215/00982601-9467217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00982601-9467217","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Mary Leapor, Mary Scott, Joanna Southcott, Lucy Aikin, and their peers collectively articulate what I call women’s “superior secondariness.” To counter an eighteenth-century culture that represented man as “primary” (universal and originary) and woman as “secondary” (derivative and dependent), these poets posited the secondary not as inferior or less, but as a necessary, often highly desirable, condition of women’s belatedness. Advocating revision and renaming, these writers developed a distinctive feminist poetics of improvement in order to express women’s ascendency as the sex that comes second in time, whether as a refined Eve in relation to a rudimentary Adam, or as the revisionary woman poet in relation to the originary masculine classic author. Taken together, their rewritings of Original Sin, human origins, English poetry, and Britain’s progress transformed the discourse of secondariness, often used to deride women’s verse as inferior in the period, into a feminist position of power. In tracing the ordering function of superior secondariness from 1751 to 1810, the present essay returns to Enlightenment literary form to understand poetry’s vital role in inaugurating the feminist projects of historicizing the associations between women writers and theorizing the gender of aesthetic production.","PeriodicalId":43296,"journal":{"name":"EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY LIFE","volume":"2012 1","pages":"108 - 79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73523756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hieroglyphic State Machine 象形文字状态机

IF 0.1 3区文学

EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY LIFE Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1215/00982601-9467230

J. Hone

引用次数: 0

The Narrative Garden 叙事花园

IF 0.1 3区文学

EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY LIFE Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1215/00982601-9467178

A. Santesso

引用次数: 0

A Tale of Two Boycotts: Riot, Reform, and Sugar Consumption in Late Eighteenth-Century Britain and France 两次抵制的故事:18世纪晚期英国和法国的骚乱、改革和糖消费

IF 0.1 3区文学

EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY LIFE Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.1215/00982601-9272999

Garritt Van Dyk

{"title":"A Tale of Two Boycotts: Riot, Reform, and Sugar Consumption in Late Eighteenth-Century Britain and France","authors":"Garritt Van Dyk","doi":"10.1215/00982601-9272999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00982601-9272999","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Atlantic sugar production and European sugar consumption rose dramatically in the late eighteenth century. Despite this increase, there were two separate calls to refrain from consuming sugar in both Britain and France at the end of the eighteenth century. Demands for abstinence were directed toward women to stop household consumption of sugar. In Britain, abolitionists urged women to stop buying West Indian sugar because it was a slave good, produced on plantations where enslaved Africans were subject to cruelty and where mortality rates were high. In France, the call to forego sugar came during the early years of the Revolution of 1789, in response to rising sugar prices. The women of Paris were asked to refrain from buying sugar at high prices that were assumed to be a result of market manipulation by speculators and hoarders engaging in anti-revolutionary behavior. The increase in Parisian sugar prices was not driven primarily by profiteering, but by a global shortage caused by the slave revolt in the French colony of Saint-Domingue, now Haiti. Comparing these two sugar boycotts, one in Britain, the other in France, provides an opportunity outside of national historical narratives to consider how both events employed the same technique for very different aims. The call to renounce sugar in both cases used economic pressure to create political change. An exploration of these movements for abstinence will provide a better understanding of how they critiqued consumption, and translated discourses, both abolitionist and revolutionary, into practice.","PeriodicalId":43296,"journal":{"name":"EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY LIFE","volume":"24 1","pages":"51 - 68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90182686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Miscellaneous Spaces of Enlightenment: Dodsley, Percy, and the Midcentury Verse Miscellany 启蒙的杂项空间:多斯利，珀西和中世纪诗歌杂项

IF 0.1 3区文学

EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY LIFE Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.1215/00982601-9273048

A. Horgan

{"title":"Miscellaneous Spaces of Enlightenment: Dodsley, Percy, and the Midcentury Verse Miscellany","authors":"A. Horgan","doi":"10.1215/00982601-9273048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00982601-9273048","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Using current scholarship on verse miscellanies to contextualize a comparison of Robert Dodsley's Collection of Poems by Several Hands (1748) and Thomas Percy's Reliques of Ancient English Poetry (1765), this article considers how the verse miscellany was used to different purposes by editors in the middle decades of the eighteenth century. It was, variously, a space in which to preserve poetry, to test readers' appetites for the unfamiliar, and to establish or challenge poetic taste. Most of all, however, the verse miscellany functioned as a virtual space of the Enlightenment that encouraged literary experimentation and innovation. Editors like Dodsley and Percy used paratext not only to justify their specific poetic choices, but also to establish identity of their collection. In Dodsley's case, obvious editorial interventions are absent and the typography is elegant, while for Percy, the paratext is busy and noisy, an alternative space in the miscellany through which the collection's antiquarian character is expressed. Both collections test their reader's willingness to engage with less well-known material. This article suggests that although the two poetic collections seem to have little in common, they are both concerned with ideas of literary preservation and loss, on the one hand, and cultural progress and decline, on the other, that helped to establish the poetic miscellany as a key print genre of the Enlightenment.","PeriodicalId":43296,"journal":{"name":"EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY LIFE","volume":"90 1","pages":"197 - 212"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81524073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

The Battlefield as Enlightened Space: War, the Senses, and the Emotional Soldier, ca. 1790–1840 作为启蒙空间的战场:战争、感官和情绪化的士兵，约1790-1840

IF 0.1 3区文学

EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY LIFE Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.1215/00982601-9273006

Eleanor Morecroft

{"title":"The Battlefield as Enlightened Space: War, the Senses, and the Emotional Soldier, ca. 1790–1840","authors":"Eleanor Morecroft","doi":"10.1215/00982601-9273006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00982601-9273006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars produced a new generation of military authors and artists who recounted their wartime experiences with unprecedented vividness and immediacy. Exploring the intense conflict and suffering of men at war while also underscoring their virtue and heroism, this work typifies what has come to be known as \"military Enlightenment.\" This essay examines a selection of military texts and images that represent soldiers' sensory and emotional experience of the wartime spaces of battlefield and bivouac: the anonymous Journal Kept in the British Army (1796), L. T. Jones's Historical Journal of the British Campaign on the Continent (1797), the work of the army officer and historian William Napier (1785–1860), and the Waterloo images of the army officer and painter George \"Waterloo\" Jones (1786–1869) presented the wider British public with a complex understanding of war. Even as they represented battlefield violence and death with visceral intensity, they understood battlefield space itself to be grounded in affective practices associated with enlightened modes of virtue, sensibility, and civility. There the chaos and horror of conflict gave way to duty, order, civility, and community, and the distinctions of rank were maintained, even as the common humanity of officers and their men was affirmed.","PeriodicalId":43296,"journal":{"name":"EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY LIFE","volume":"16 1","pages":"69 - 87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85765655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Spaces of Enlightenment: From Domestic Scenes to Global Visions 启蒙的空间:从国内场景到全球视野

IF 0.1 3区文学

EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY LIFE Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.1215/00982601-9272978

P. Denney, Lisa O’Connell

{"title":"Spaces of Enlightenment: From Domestic Scenes to Global Visions","authors":"P. Denney, Lisa O’Connell","doi":"10.1215/00982601-9272978","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00982601-9272978","url":null,"abstract":"Enlightenment thought is usually considered to be primarily concerned with time and temporalities, not least because of the emphasis on “progress” as an organizing concept across so many domains of its intellectual activity. From political economy to aesthetic theory, “improvement” was a key word of the long eighteenth century, despite contemporary debate about its character, impact, and ambiguities.3 “Improvement” or “progress” could involve transforming the appearance of cities, or exchanging information about plants, reforming public recreations, or decorating domestic interiors; in any case, such improvement was also conceived as a spatial phenomenon.4 This collection joins a revisionary scholarship that shows how the Enlightenment was organized by space as well as time. Building on the work of historical geographers, among others, it aims to help develop our analytic tools for thinking about the spatial aspects of eighteenth-century culture through a selection of case studies, which chart changing ideas and practices across local, national, and international contexts, from elite London print rooms, to distant Pacific islands. This is to say that the collection is also interested in complicating the conventional distinction between space and place, where “space” refers to an “abstract” dimension, and “place” to the particularity of actual sites.5 The following essays show that the imbrication of these categories was fundamental to how the Enlightenment understood self, nature, society, and empire.","PeriodicalId":43296,"journal":{"name":"EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY LIFE","volume":"92 3","pages":"1 - 15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73277971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

"For I Asked Him Men's Questions": Late Eighteenth-Century British Women Tourists' Contributions to Scientific Inquiry “因为我问了他男人的问题”:18世纪晚期英国女性游客对科学探究的贡献

IF 0.1 3区文学

EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY LIFE Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.1215/00982601-9273034

Emma Gleadhill

{"title":"\"For I Asked Him Men's Questions\": Late Eighteenth-Century British Women Tourists' Contributions to Scientific Inquiry","authors":"Emma Gleadhill","doi":"10.1215/00982601-9273034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00982601-9273034","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:\"We endeavoured with some tools our servants had, to carry some pieces of it with us,\" Caroline Powys wrote of her visit to Stonehenge in 1759. \"Tho' our party were chiefly female,\" she remarked, \"we had no more curiosity than the learn'd gentlemen of the Royal Society.\" Carolyn was not alone in challenging the gendered demarcation of scientific observation. From the second half of the century, British women travelers carefully packed minerals in cases, filled bags with botanical specimens, and roamed the shores in search of shells and seaweed. This article proposes that British women of the late eighteenth century used the empirical approach promoted by their polite scientific education to turn their leisured travels into knowledgefinding pursuits. The specimens and observations that they brought home played an overlooked role in allowing them to shape themselves as authoritative observers within the larger scientific knowledge-building enterprise that drew from the diffusion of Enlightenment classificatory systems, overseas exploration, and trade. This article brings to light four understudied eighteenth-century female empiricists: the mistress of Hardwick House, Whitchurch, Oxfordshire, Caroline Lybbe Powys (1738–1817); the first woman to publish a Grand Tour account, Lady Anna Miller (1741–81) of Batheaston, Somerset; the unmarried daughter of the rector of Thornton in Craven, Yorkshire, Dorothy Richardson (1748–1819); and the Whig political salon hostess, Lady Elizabeth Holland (1732–95). Each woman is of interest in her own right, but together, as I will argue, their scientific contributions add significantly to the ongoing investigation of the role that women played in developing Enlightenment science.","PeriodicalId":43296,"journal":{"name":"EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY LIFE","volume":"95 1","pages":"158 - 177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82026550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enlightened "Museums of Images" or Decorative Displays? Elizabeth Seymour Percy and the Eighteenth-Century Print Room 开明的“影像博物馆”还是装饰展览?伊丽莎白·西摩·珀西和十八世纪的印刷室

IF 0.1 3区文学

EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY LIFE Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.1215/00982601-9273027

Louise Voll Box

{"title":"Enlightened \"Museums of Images\" or Decorative Displays? Elizabeth Seymour Percy and the Eighteenth-Century Print Room","authors":"Louise Voll Box","doi":"10.1215/00982601-9273027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1215/00982601-9273027","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:In the second half of the eighteenth century, \"print rooms\"—created by pasting prints and paper ornaments directly onto walls—were a short-lived mode of fashionable English interior decoration. Concurrently, collections of prints continued to be bound into albums or stored in portfolios in private libraries. Although they took different forms, print rooms and print albums shared characteristics that marked them as \"enlightened\" cultural practices: both featured prints arranged in preconceived aesthetic or intellectual schemes that presented elite, pan-European cultural subjects, imagery, and ideas. Prints in albums or prints on walls could therefore operate as \"museums of images\"—each format ostensibly encouraged viewers to respond emotionally or intellectually to prints. Yet there is strong evidence to suggest that prints in print rooms and in print collections were perceived differently. This essay draws on the predominantly unpublished journals and correspondence of English collector Elizabeth Seymour Percy, first Duchess of Northumberland (1716–76), to reveal the very different ways in which she described prints in each setting. For her, albums or portfolios of prints were edifying \"spaces of enlightenment,\" while prints in print rooms performed merely a decorative function.","PeriodicalId":43296,"journal":{"name":"EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY LIFE","volume":"22 1","pages":"135 - 157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83613532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Home Is Where the Heart Is: The Rise of Emotional Spaces in the German Late Enlightenment 心在哪里，家就在哪里:德国晚期启蒙运动中情感空间的兴起

IF 0.1 3区文学

EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY LIFE Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.1215/00982601-9273013

Amir Minsky

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引用次数: 0