Word Structure最新文献_第2页

Different lexicons make different rivals 不同的词汇产生不同的竞争对手

Word Structure Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.3366/word.2023.0219

Sabine Arndt-Lappe

{"title":"Different lexicons make different rivals","authors":"Sabine Arndt-Lappe","doi":"10.3366/word.2023.0219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/word.2023.0219","url":null,"abstract":"Analogy-based theories assume that in situations of affix competition, language users create novel word forms on the basis of similar existing forms in their Mental Lexicons ( Baayen et al. 2011 ; Daelemans & van den Bosch 2005; Skousen 1989 ). Interestingly, however, simulation studies employing computational implementations of analogical theories have almost invariably adopted a rather abstractionist view of the Mental Lexicon, representing the word stock of the language, and abstracting away from differences between individual speakers (see, e.g., Arndt-Lappe 2014 ; Chapman & Skousen 2005 ; Eddington 2006 ; Nieder et al. 2021 ). This is a problem because it precludes the possibility of testing a central prediction of analogical theories: if affixes are assigned on the fly on the basis of similar words in the lexicon, then speakers with different lexicons should make different choices. The present paper provides a proof-of-concept study addressing this issue for the form-based rivalry between the two English adjectival suffixes - ic and - ical. Analogical Modeling of Language (AML; Skousen et al. 2013 ) is used as a computational model. On the basis of a survey of the distribution of derivatives in different registers in the British National Corpus, predictions of the analogical model are compared for a simulated speaker with a large vocabulary (including academic words) and a simulated speaker with a small vocabulary that is based mainly on words from spoken language. The statistical analysis of the simulations reveals that, while sharing some basic properties, the two models make very clear – and testable – predictions about speaker differences.","PeriodicalId":43166,"journal":{"name":"Word Structure","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134950082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Three ways of looking at morphological rivalry 三种看待形态竞争的方式

IF 0.6

Word Structure Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.3366/word.2023.0220

Mark Aronoff

引用次数: 3

Front matter 前页

Word Structure Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.3366/word.2023.0217

引用次数: 0

An “evasive neuter”? A study on neuter singular indefinite pronouns with human reference in seventeenth–nineteenth century literary German 一个“回避中性”？十七、十九世纪德语文学中性单数不定代词与人称代词研究

IF 0.6

Word Structure Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.3366/word.2022.0212

Jürg Fleischer

引用次数: 0

The Agreement Hierarchy revisited: The typology of controllers 重新审视协议层次：控制者的类型

IF 0.6

Word Structure Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.3366/word.2022.0208

Greville G. Corbett

{"title":"The Agreement Hierarchy revisited: The typology of controllers","authors":"Greville G. Corbett","doi":"10.3366/word.2022.0208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/word.2022.0208","url":null,"abstract":"The Agreement Hierarchy consists of four principal target positions: attributive, predicate, relative pronoun and anaphoric personal pronoun. It constrains the distribution of alternative agreements, in that the likelihood of agreement with greater semantic justification increases monotonically as we move rightwards along the hierarchy. The Agreement Hierarchy covers a wide range of disparate data, and continues to figure regularly in work on theoretical syntax. Since the hierarchy was first proposed, typology has moved on. This means that to remain fit for the purposes for which it is currently used, the hierarchy needs an overhaul. The typology of agreement controllers is the area where the need is most urgent; this is therefore our focus. The canonical typology of controllers is shown to have two dimensions: lexeme to phrase, and local to extraneous (the latter involving honorific agreement, associative agreement, back agreement and “pancake sentences”). These two dimensions are amply illustrated. Finally, interactions between the different types of agreement controller are investigated, since these prove revealing for the typology. Besides making progress on the typology of agreement, the paper contributes to typology more generally, in incorporating insights from other typological disciplines.","PeriodicalId":43166,"journal":{"name":"Word Structure","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49290470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Microvariation in agreement inflection: Subject clitics vs inflection 一致性屈折的微小变化：受试者倾向与屈折

IF 0.6

Word Structure Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.3366/word.2022.0214

Diego Pescarini

引用次数: 0

Agreeing inflected quantifiers, intensifiers and anaphors as derived personal pronouns: Evidence from Tatar 赞同屈折量词、增强词和回指作为派生的人称代词——来自Tatar的证据

IF 0.6

Word Structure Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.3366/word.2022.0215

E. Lyutikova

引用次数: 1

Agreement and argument realization in Mian discourse 勉语篇中的一致与论证实现

IF 0.6

Word Structure Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.3366/word.2022.0211

S. Fedden

引用次数: 1

The acquisition of demonstratives in a complex noun class system 复杂名词类系统中指示词的习得

IF 0.6

Word Structure Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.3366/word.2022.0209

Serge Sagna, Virve Vihman, M. Vihman, Dunstan Brown

{"title":"The acquisition of demonstratives in a complex noun class system","authors":"Serge Sagna, Virve Vihman, M. Vihman, Dunstan Brown","doi":"10.3366/word.2022.0209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/word.2022.0209","url":null,"abstract":"We present an exploratory study of 2- to 3-year-old children’s acquisition of the demonstrative system of Eegimaa (ISO 369–3 bqj), an endangered language belonging to the Jóola cluster of the Atlantic family of the Niger-Congo phylum, spoken by about 13,000 speakers in southwestern Senegal. Eegimaa demonstratives express distance from speaker (proximal, medial and distal) and the agreement categories of number and gender, as well as having four morphological types that create an additional dimension of complexity for children to learn. These demonstrative types are each associated with a range of syntactic functions with partial overlaps. From nearly seven hours of recordings, including children at three age points (2;0, 2;6 and 3;0), we extracted 218 demonstrative tokens from the children’s speech, matched with 205 tokens from a sub-sample of caregiver speech. The youngest children can be described as restricting their use of demonstratives to a small set of learned items, with evidence of generalisation and productivity arising over the course of development, alongside an increase in frequency and development in distribution patterns of the various demonstrative forms to more target-like usage in the 3;0 sample. At age three we observe more variation by syntactic function. As has been found in other languages, children acquiring Eegimaa seem to make use of the diverse forms of demonstratives early, but they do not yet make use of the full range of forms even at age three, when they are beginning to produce more systematic forms of the demonstratives across syntactic contexts and with a variety of genders.","PeriodicalId":43166,"journal":{"name":"Word Structure","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48540352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Canonical and non-canonical (co)predicate agreement in Highest Alemannic dialects 最高阿勒曼尼方言中的规范与非规范（共）谓语一致性

IF 0.6

Word Structure Pub Date : 2022-11-01 DOI: 10.3366/word.2022.0213

Elvira Glaser, Sandro Bachmann

引用次数: 0