Word Structure最新文献

Realised overabundance in Estonian noun paradigms: A corpus study 爱沙尼亚语名词范式的实现过剩:语料库研究

Word Structure Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.3366/word.2023.0227

Mari Aigro, Virve-Anneli Vihman

{"title":"Realised overabundance in Estonian noun paradigms: A corpus study","authors":"Mari Aigro, Virve-Anneli Vihman","doi":"10.3366/word.2023.0227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/word.2023.0227","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we investigate the use of parallel forms, or morphological overabundance, in Estonian nouns, which are richly inflected in fourteen cases and two numbers. The complexity of the nominal inflection system derives from the multiplicity of declension classes, which allow for the availability of parallel forms in many morphological paradigm cells. Whereas previous studies of overabundance in nominal inflection have focussed on available overabundance in particular cells, this study focuses on the actual usage of overabundant forms, or ‘realised overabundance’, taking as a starting point those lexemes which are attested with two parallel forms in the corpus. Following the criteria proposed by Thornton (2019) , we investigate the canonicity of realised overabundance in Estonian, in terms of its extent across both lexemes and cells. In addition, frequency ratios of alternate variants and conditions on their usage are investigated by comparing lexemes in the most overabundant cells. Finally, we tackle the connections between morphological overabundance and syntactic argumenthood, exploring the hypothesis that parallel forms serve distinct functions. We find no contextual preference in terms of which of the two forms is used. In general, we find realised overabundance to be restricted and more canonical than potential overabundance.","PeriodicalId":43166,"journal":{"name":"Word Structure","volume":"23 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135566279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Uncertainty in the production of Czech noun and verb forms 捷克语名词和动词形式的不确定性

Word Structure Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.3366/word.2023.0231

Neil Bermel, Luděk Knittl, Alexandre Nikolaev

引用次数: 0

Stem overgeneralizations in the acquisition of Croatian verbal morphology: Evidence from parental questionnaires 克罗地亚语词法习得中的词干过度概括:来自父母调查问卷的证据

Word Structure Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.3366/word.2023.0228

Gordana Hržica, Tomislava Bošnjak Botica, Sara Košutar

{"title":"Stem overgeneralizations in the acquisition of Croatian verbal morphology: Evidence from parental questionnaires","authors":"Gordana Hržica, Tomislava Bošnjak Botica, Sara Košutar","doi":"10.3366/word.2023.0228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/word.2023.0228","url":null,"abstract":"Studies on verbal overgeneralization often focus on languages with low morphological complexity. The Croatian conjugational system exhibits varying degrees of complexity, and this complexity is not primarily based on the number of inflectional morphemes, but on an elaborate system of stem changes. During early language development, children face the difficult task of acquiring this system, using overgeneralized forms to overcome its complexity. To date, studies have used a corpus-based method to retrieve overgeneralizations in child language, which has had limited success in capturing this phenomenon. The aim of this study was to investigate the production of overgeneralized verb forms in Croatian monolingual children aged 2;6 to 5;11 using a questionnaire in which parents report overgeneralizations used by their children. We tested the relationship between the production of overgeneralized forms and features of the input language (token frequency and class size). We hypothesized that the rate of overgeneralizations will depend on input language features, i.e. a higher rate of overgeneralizations for infrequent verbs and for verbs with smaller class size. The items selected for the questionnaire are the verbs with stem change used by parents in the longitudinal Croatian corpus of child language. Parents report overgeneralized forms in all verb classes, and verb frequency and class size negatively correlate with the proportion of overgeneralizations. Our results show that children gradually abstract morphological systems in a way that is highly sensitive to the properties of the input.","PeriodicalId":43166,"journal":{"name":"Word Structure","volume":"198 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135566371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The structuralist tradition meets empirical data: Corpus data enhancing the Czech Internet Language Reference Book 结构主义传统与经验数据的相遇:语料库数据对捷克网络语言参考书的增强

Word Structure Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.3366/word.2023.0230

Dominika Kováříková, Martin Beneš, Kamila Smejkalová, Oleg Kovářík

{"title":"The structuralist tradition meets empirical data: Corpus data enhancing the Czech Internet Language Reference Book","authors":"Dominika Kováříková, Martin Beneš, Kamila Smejkalová, Oleg Kovářík","doi":"10.3366/word.2023.0230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/word.2023.0230","url":null,"abstract":"This paper demonstrates how the corpus grammar tool GramatiKat can be used to improve and refine morphological information in the Internet Language Reference Book (ILRB), which presents complete declension paradigms for 45,632 standard Czech nouns. The paradigm tables are based mainly on morphological types, following structuralist conceptions of language as a fully articulated system. The paper discusses how to update the ILRB and provide users with empirically based grammatical information for individual word forms in each cell of the paradigm. All noun lemmas have been investigated using the GramatiKat tool for research into grammatical categories in Czech. The tool observes the distribution of word forms of a particular lexeme in comparison with the standard distribution across the whole word class. It is capable of identifying nouns that have an unusually high occurrence of a certain word form, as well as nouns with unattested word forms. GramatiKat is based on the data from two corpora of Czech written texts, SYN2015 and SYN2020 (200 million word tokens). The paper investigates the relationship between defectiveness and overabundance on one side and language variability and potentiality on the other. Based on the unique combination of data from the ILRB and GramatiKat, the paper suggests how information about unusually frequent or overabundant word forms as well as unattested ones should be pointed out, so that ILRB provides the user with accurate, empirically based data.","PeriodicalId":43166,"journal":{"name":"Word Structure","volume":"15 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135565240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Front matter 前页

Word Structure Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.3366/word.2023.0225

引用次数: 0

Studying negative evidence in Finnish language corpora 芬兰语料库中的否定证据研究

Word Structure Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.3366/word.2023.0229

Alexandre Nikolaev, Neil Bermel

{"title":"Studying negative evidence in Finnish language corpora","authors":"Alexandre Nikolaev, Neil Bermel","doi":"10.3366/word.2023.0229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/word.2023.0229","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores the relationship between lower-than-expected frequencies of word forms and inherent gaps in Finnish inflectional paradigms. The research aims to determine whether it is possible to predict paradigmatic gaps from lower-than-expected frequencies of word forms. We examined Finnish nouns inflected in a marginal case (the instructive) and hypothesized that some of these nouns may potentially have gaps in their inflectional paradigms. However, we found that such gaps are contingent and do not cause uncertainty when filled. We find that the correlation between inherent gaps and lower frequencies is one-directional: predicting inherent gaps from lower-than-expected frequencies is problematic. The results suggest that any paradigmatic gap suggested by corpus frequency is more likely to be contingent than inherent, and that the less semantic need there is for a particular word form, the more likely it will be unattested even in a large corpus. The research highlights the importance of considering semantic profiles when analyzing the grammaticality of word forms and suggests that statistical tests like Fisher’s exact are not necessarily the right approach to tackle the problem of negative evidence in corpus studies.","PeriodicalId":43166,"journal":{"name":"Word Structure","volume":"18 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135565237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Affix rivalry in French demonym formation: The role of linguistic and non-linguistic parameters 法语魔词形成中的词缀竞争:语言和非语言参数的作用

IF 0.6

Word Structure Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.3366/word.2023.0223

Juliette Thuilier, D. Tribout, Marine Wauquier

{"title":"Affix rivalry in French demonym formation: The role of linguistic and non-linguistic parameters","authors":"Juliette Thuilier, D. Tribout, Marine Wauquier","doi":"10.3366/word.2023.0223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/word.2023.0223","url":null,"abstract":"Affix rivalry is defined as the phenomenon of morphological competition where affixes and meaning are in a many-to-one relationship. Because of their poor semantic content, demonyms are perfect candidates for the investigation of selectional constraints in such a context. Indeed the morphological processes they originate from are characterized by their shared, straightfoward semantic relation, as they denote inhabitants linked to the toponym they derive from, which allows for the apparently simplified scrutinization of non-semantic properties. Investigations suggest a more nuanced and complex reality. The present study provides a quantitative and statistical investigation of the rivalry between French - ois, - ais, - ien and - éen suffixes. It notably relies on phonological and morphological features. Its contribution pertains to the use of statistical modeling to provide a quantitative description and to the integration of extralinguistic features on the nature of geographical proximity in a quantitative approach. The study shows that while the model cannot accurately predict the suffix of a given demonym based on these features, it still draws on the main tendencies underlying affix rivalry in the formation of French demonyms.","PeriodicalId":43166,"journal":{"name":"Word Structure","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42914169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A distributional assessment of rivalry in word formation 词语形成竞争的分布评价

IF 0.6

Word Structure Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.3366/word.2023.0222

Matı́as Guzmán Naranjo, Olivier Bonami

引用次数: 3

Affix rivalry: Theoretical and methodological challenges 词缀竞争:理论和方法上的挑战

IF 0.6

Word Structure Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.3366/word.2023.0218

R. Huyghe, Rossella Varvara

引用次数: 1

A quantitative approach to doublets in Russian denominal adjective construction 俄语名词形容词结构中对偶词的定量分析

IF 0.6

Word Structure Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.3366/word.2023.0221

N. Bobkova, Fabio Montermini

{"title":"A quantitative approach to doublets in Russian denominal adjective construction","authors":"N. Bobkova, Fabio Montermini","doi":"10.3366/word.2023.0221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/word.2023.0221","url":null,"abstract":"This article is devoted to the rivalry between suffixes in the derivation of denominal adjectives in Russian. In particular, it proposes a large-scale quantitative analysis based on the Russian National Corpus. Its main goal is to contribute to identifying the properties that determine the choice of the suffix in these derivatives. Denominal adjectival derivation in Russian makes use of a wide variety of exponents. Most of them are phonological variants (extensions) of three main suffixes, - n-, - sk- and - Ov-. These three, which can be considered as basic, constitute the focus of our analysis. Two datasets were built for this research, a general one containing one of the suffixes above, and a more specific one containing doublets, which is to say, adjectives constructed on the same base with different suffixes. Data from the two sets are analyzed by means of various statistical models. Our results globally provide a quantitatively robust confirmation of observations previously made in the literature. In particular, we show that -n- occupies a specific position in the derivational system of Russian, as it is less productive and its derivatives are tendentially less transparent and more prone to display lexicalized meanings that point towards the qualitative pole of the qualitative-relational semantic spectrum. Moreover, - sk- and - Ov- are more likely to form doublets (be attached to the same bases), a further argument in favor of a greater homogeneity between them as opposed to - n-.","PeriodicalId":43166,"journal":{"name":"Word Structure","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47780321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0