{"title":"Chapter 6 Topos and Topography: Jerusalem in the Memory of Christian III, King of Denmark–Norway","authors":"Sivert Angel","doi":"10.1515/9783110639452-007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110639452-007","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter discusses the relevance of the Jerusalem code as political legitimization strategy at the introduction of the Reformation in Denmark and Norway. It does so by an investigation of the rhetorical use of Jerusalem in the funeral orations for Christian III. The concept of place, or “ topos ” , a central part of rhetorical theory of that time, was meant to direct the invention process of a speech by pointing the speaker to a field where he might find authoritative and convincing arguments. This chapter employs the topos concept to analyze the speeches ’ rhetorical strategies and Jerusalem ’ s role in them. The second part of the analysis establishes connections between the rhetorical strategies and concrete descriptions of places, primarily of Christian III ’ s kingdom, Copenhagen and Denmark-Norway, descriptions which in this chapter are labelled as “ topography ” . This chapter uses Jerusalem to describe early Danish knowledge culture and its role in religious politics by investigating, first, how Jerusalem might have played a role in lending authority to these speeches and, secondly, how it contributed to the official memory of the King.","PeriodicalId":431574,"journal":{"name":"Tracing the Jerusalem Code","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123042885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Chapter 3 An Apocalypse of Mind: Cracking the Jerusalem Code in Emanuel Swedenborg’s Theosophy","authors":"Devin Zuber","doi":"10.1515/9783110639476-004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110639476-004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":431574,"journal":{"name":"Tracing the Jerusalem Code","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124958225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Chapter 6 Tracing the Jerusalem Code in Christiansfeld: A World Heritage City","authors":"Birgitte Hammershøy","doi":"10.1515/9783110639476-007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110639476-007","url":null,"abstract":"In 2015 the Moravian settlement of Christiansfeld in Denmark was included in UNESCO’s World Heritage List for its Outstanding Universal Values relating to the town plan, the exquisite architecture, and the functional distribution of the buildings. The town was viewed as an “ideal protestant city,” and a realization of the vision of the Christian societal structure according to the ideals of the Moravian Church. The World Heritage nomination file explores what an “ideal protestant town” is without mentioning the notion of “the heavenly Jerusalem,” an underlying image that was crucial to the Moravians. This chapter argues that a “Jerusalem code” may constitute a hermeneutical key to interpreting the town of Christiansfeld.","PeriodicalId":431574,"journal":{"name":"Tracing the Jerusalem Code","volume":"617 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122615976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Chapter 13 The Locus of Truth: St Birgitta of Sweden and the Pilgrimage to the Holy Land","authors":"M. Oen","doi":"10.1515/9783110639438-014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110639438-014","url":null,"abstract":"The Son of God speaks to blessed Birgitta, his bride, saying: “Go now and depart from Rome for Jerusalem! Why do you bring up the excuse of your age? I am the creator of nature. I can weaken or strengthen nature, just as I please. I shall be with you. I shall direct your way. I shall lead you there and bring you back to Rome, and I shall procure for you what you need, more sufficiently than you have ever had before.”","PeriodicalId":431574,"journal":{"name":"Tracing the Jerusalem Code","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116728391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Chapter 27 God’s Kingdom on Earth: Liberal Theology and Christian Liberalism in Sweden","authors":"A. Bohlin","doi":"10.1515/9783110639476-028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110639476-028","url":null,"abstract":"The social movements and political ideas that shaped the Scandinavian welfare states were manifold, yet in the narrative of the secular, democratic, Nordic countries of the twentieth century, the notion of the Kingdom of God is often neglected. This chapter aims to highlight the Jerusalem code in the genealogy of the welfare state by focusing on one case: Sweden. The Kingdom of God on earth was a concept promoted in public debate primarily by the Christian Liberals from the 1840s and onwards, and this idea was also discussed and elaborated in theology by liberal theologians. The views of Viktor Rydberg (1828 – 1895), a writer and liberal Member of Parliament, merit special attention. Rydberg influenced the Social Democrats, whom were the architects that devised what was to become close ties between folkhemmet (the people ’ s home) and folkkyrkan (the national church). These close ties provide an example of the simultaneous secularization and fragmentation of the Jerusalem code.","PeriodicalId":431574,"journal":{"name":"Tracing the Jerusalem Code","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128945217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Chapter 24 Photography and Genius Loci: Hol Lars (Lewis) Larsson’s “Kaiserin Augusta Victoria Stiftung on Olivet” (1910–1914)","authors":"R. Lev","doi":"10.1515/9783110639476-025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110639476-025","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines Jerusalem ’ s genius loci, as communicated in the work of the American Colony Photo-Department (ACPD) active in Jerusalem between 1896 and 1934. The ACPD ’ s photographs were distributed in Scandinavia and worldwide, and early in the twentieth century they shaped the idea of Jerusalem in people ’ s minds. Narrowing my study from the wider Jerusalem ( “ The Jerusalem code ” ), to a specific place in Jerusalem ( “ Genius Loci ” ), I try to examine the encrypted data of one photograph taken by the Swede Hol Lars (Lewis) Larsson between 1910 to 1914: the “ Kaiserin Augusta Victoria Stiftung on Olivet [Mount of Olives]. ” While reading the photograph as a locus, a place, I rely on the Norwegian architect Thorvald Christian Norberg-Schulz ’ s (1926 – 2000) idea of the interconnectedness of natural and man-made qualities that, as a totality, constitute a pervading spirit of place or a genius loci. The chapter will examine the cultural setting of the American Colony in Jerusalem photographic collective (1896 – 1934) as well as the spatial dynamic that underlined their work. The notion genius loci , was developed by Norberg-Schulz in his influential publication, Genius Loci: Towards a Phenomenology of Architecture (1979), in which he inves-tigated the theory of organization of space and built form. 1 His view was shaped by Martin Heidegger ’ s phenomenology of place: “ A place is therefore a qualitative ‘ total ’ phenomenon which we cannot reduce to any of its properties such as spatial relationships, without losing its concrete nature out of sight. ” 2 It is the dynamic inter-Rachel Archaeology seemed to spur on the study of theology. A majority of the annual students from the colleges of Europe were theological graduates; Palestine Archaeology was in fact insepara-ble from Bible research. The Colony was a host to the great majority of American students and the young men of the Colony, thanks to their intimate knowledge of the land and the Arabic language, became the guides and interpreters of the annual excursions. 29","PeriodicalId":431574,"journal":{"name":"Tracing the Jerusalem Code","volume":"168 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124684703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Chapter 2 Apocalypticism, Chiliasm, and Cultural Progress: Jerusalem in Early Modern Storyworlds","authors":"Walter Sparn","doi":"10.1515/9783110639476-003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110639476-003","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter deals with the early modern transformation of the Jerusalem code in the Christian storyworld of “salvation history,” and the consequences it had in configuring human behavior on the pilgrimage towards the heavenly Jerusalem. The transformation became visible primarily in the outlook on the future, i.e. on the time span between the (respective) Now and the Second Advent of Christ. It implied a change from traditional apocalypticism to chiliasm (Greek root) or millenarianism, respectively millennialism (Latin root). The inner logic of salvation history inferred that this change deeply influenced the understanding of the present situation and its fatalities or potentialities. Moreover, it modified the view of the past as a basis of what happens now and will happen in the future.","PeriodicalId":431574,"journal":{"name":"Tracing the Jerusalem Code","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114373645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Chapter 18 The Heavenly Jerusalem and the City Plan of Trondheim 1681","authors":"Eystein M. Andersen","doi":"10.1515/9783110639452-019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110639452-019","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":431574,"journal":{"name":"Tracing the Jerusalem Code","volume":"600 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116300492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Chapter 21 “Here – right here – where we stood”: Photographic Revelations in P. P. Waldenström’s 1896 Pilgrim Travelogue Till Österland","authors":"Magnus Bremmer","doi":"10.1515/9783110639476-022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110639476-022","url":null,"abstract":"The invention of photography was presented to the world in 1839. One of the first cities to be extensively documented by the new medium was Jerusalem; all due to its religious importance. Visualizing the Holy City in photographs turned out to be a complex project, where the divinity of the place collided with the brute realism of the medium. Photography, however, also opened up new possibilities for animating the divine presence of the place to a wide audience. In this chapter, we follow minister Paul Peter Waldenström on his journey to the Holy land, as described in his 800-page, photographically illustrated travelogue Till Österland [To the East] (1896). In Waldenström ’ s literary pilgrimage, the mechanical medium is used as a means of bringing readers closer to the actual sites, playing upon the alleged transparency of the medium — in the end, staging a kind of photographic revelation before the reader ’ s eyes.","PeriodicalId":431574,"journal":{"name":"Tracing the Jerusalem Code","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132092851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Chapter 28 Weaving the Nation: Sigurd the Crusader and the Norwegian National Tapestries","authors":"Torild Gjesvik","doi":"10.1515/9783110639476-029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110639476-029","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":431574,"journal":{"name":"Tracing the Jerusalem Code","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128834093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}