Kajian Malaysia最新文献

{"title":"From Voting Bloc to Fragmentation: The Chinese Opposition Votes in the 2021 Sarawak State Election","authors":"I. Ngu, Xing Jing","doi":"10.21315/km2024.42.s1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/km2024.42.s1.5","url":null,"abstract":"This study analyses the voting patterns among the Sarawakian Chinese and their pro-opposition inclination in the 2021 Sarawak State Election (SSE21). It begins by recounting how the national opposition alliances, former Pakatan Harapan (PH) alliances—Barisan Alternatif (BA) and Pakatan Rakyat (PR)—gained popularity among the Chinese voters in Sarawak since the 2006 state elections. The voting trends reveal changes in Chinese voting patterns, from a voting bloc to fragmented votes, and their openness to local opposition parties in the recent state elections. In order to examine the plurality voting pattern and the extent of fragmentation, this research studies two Chinese-majority urban constituencies, Batu Lintang and Bukit Assek in Sarawak. It contends that the Chinese political leanings, including their tendency to embrace regionalism, are profoundly shaped by local and national political developments. In the past two decades, ethnopatronage politics and prevalent corruption practices partly explain the Chinese’s quest for regime change. The Sarawak government’s emphasis on regional identity and multiculturalism in its official narrative nurtures a sense of belonging, which also impacts Chinese identity politics. This article argues that the decision to support minor parties advocating for separatism can be read as strategic voting of the regional minority who feel deprived of their equal rights. It also contends that political fragmentation among the Chinese might persist if PH fails to consolidate its previous support. Otherwise, it spells the decline of Parti Sarawak Bersatu (PSB) and Parti Bumi Kenyalang (PBK). The sustainability of local opposition parties depends on the internal reform of parties. The parties should reduce the influences of personal politics as it tends to breed party-hopping, which places parties’ future or institutional development at risk of uncertainty.","PeriodicalId":43145,"journal":{"name":"Kajian Malaysia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140249628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Application of Geographic Information System in Analysing the Voting Patterns among Dayak Voters in the Sarawak State Elections of 2016 and 2021","authors":"Farah Zaini, N. Mersat, Arnold Puyok","doi":"10.21315/km2024.42.s1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/km2024.42.s1.7","url":null,"abstract":"Geographic information system (GIS) and election-related research focuses on the geographical characteristics of election boundaries, the election information management system and the application of GIS analysis to election boundaries. This article aims to acquire a deeper understanding of the issues affecting Dayak voters during the state elections of 2016 and 2021, geographically. This study employs three spatial analyses: Thematic Map-Density, Spatial Autocorrelation Moran’s I Index and Hot Spot Analysis (Getis-Ord Gi*). In select constituencies with a Dayak-majority, interviews and observations supplemented the spatial data. This article examines Dayak-majority constituencies’ geographical distribution and spatial concentration in the 2016 and 2021 elections. It demonstrates that there are significant differences in the density of voter participation, majorities obtained by candidates, and total votes cast by the electorate across the state in both state elections, confirming the assertion made by researchers of electoral politics in Sarawak that election issues are primarily location-specific and that understanding the problems faced by communities at the local level is essential. It is anticipated that the outcome of this study will aid in providing a spatial overview and projection of state election results and in strategising the future management of state elections.","PeriodicalId":43145,"journal":{"name":"Kajian Malaysia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140250293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pakatan Harapan’s Performance in the 2021 Sarawak State Election","authors":"Ivy Jugah, Hafizan Mohamad Naim","doi":"10.21315/km2024.42.s1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/km2024.42.s1.3","url":null,"abstract":"This article aims to examine the performance of Pakatan Harapan (PH) in the 2021 Sarawak State Election (SSE21). It explains the three main reasons for PH’s dismal showing. First, local-based political parties took advantage of structural weaknesses in Sarawak PH and managed to convince Sarawakians that state rights could only be protected by political entities controlled by Sarawak leaders. Second, the “Sarawak First” sentiment changed the political landscape of Sarawak and increased the sense of solidarity among Sarawakians. It was the driving force behind the campaign messages of the local-based political parties that resonated well among the majority of the Sarawakian voters. Third, the three PH coalition parties in Sarawak, namely Democratic Action Party (DAP), Parti Keadilan Rakyat (PKR) and Parti Amanah Negara (AMANAH) did not have a common political ideology to bind them together, strengthening the common belief that DAP, PKR and AMANAH came together simply out of convenience to gain power. In order to survive in Sarawak, PH needs to rebuild its image and political strategies relevant to the needs of the Sarawakians voters. This article is based on data from online media sources and observations made during the election on 18 December 2021.","PeriodicalId":43145,"journal":{"name":"Kajian Malaysia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140248967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Komunikasi Politik di Negeri Sarawak: Analisis Wacana Kritis Terhadap Manifesto Parti Politik dalam Pilihan Raya Negeri Sarawak 2021","authors":"Malia Taibi, Ammar Redza Ahmad Rizal, Siti Haslina Hussin","doi":"10.21315/km2024.42.s1.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/km2024.42.s1.10","url":null,"abstract":"An election manifesto reflects the vision of a political party in its effort to gain support from potential voters to win seats. Most political parties will produce manifestoes that promise development projects to drive the country’s economy, provide employment opportunities as well as combat abuse of power. The 2021 Sarawak State Election (SSE21) was an election that attracted the attention of state and federal observers. For the first time, the Gabungan Parti Sarawak (GPS) was contesting after the disbandment of Sarawak Barisan Nasional (BN) in 2018. In addition, it was also the first election for the new Sarawak Chief Minister, Abang Johari Openg. SSE21 was the first battleground for several Sarawak nationalist parties such as Parti Sarawak Bersatu (PSB) and Parti Bumi Kenyalang (PBK). Using critical discourse analysis, this article aims to analyse the content of GPS, PSB and PBK’s manifestoes. The focus of this study is the issue of state nationalism, state development and inter-ethnic relations presented in the manifesto.","PeriodicalId":43145,"journal":{"name":"Kajian Malaysia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140394816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social Media Discourse in Sarawak: An Analysis of Popular Issues and Their Correlation with the Gabungan Parti Sarawak Manifesto in 2021","authors":"Hafizan Mohamad Naim, Mohd Azizuddin Mohd Sani","doi":"10.21315/km2024.42.s1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/km2024.42.s1.6","url":null,"abstract":"Social media, notably Facebook, has been reported to be actively used by all, particularly when expressing opposing perspectives on various matters related to Sarawak and Sarawak’s interests. The debate became more interesting during the period of political change in 2018 when Sarawak began to realign its position within a shifting political landscape. Consequently, the realignment had also influenced the framing of the Gabungan Parti Sarawak (GPS) manifesto during the 2021 Sarawak State Election (SSE21). The article attempts to identify the popular issues circulated in social media and to correlate them with the highlighted issues embedded in the GPS manifesto in SSE21. Data was collected from Facebook from 20 December 2018 to 26 January 2019 through historical data retrieval process. About 197 high-engagement posts were selected as the dataset. Thematic analysis was used in the analytic methods, which was carried out using QSR NVivo 12 Plus. Six main topics were identified that served as focal points of discussion for online discourse in Sarawak: sociocultural topics; economic topics; political topics; development topics; constitutional and legal topics; and border and security topics. Among the topics, three main issues have been identified to be crucial for Sarawakians: (1) constitutional and legal issues – issues that are related to Sarawak rights, Malaysia Agreement 1963 (MA63), and federal and state constitution; (2) sociocultural issues – regional sentiments that are related to the ideals of being a Sarawakian; and (3) political issues – issues of federal-state relations. It is suggested that as the online discussion of the issues gains traction, Sarawakians are observed to be more engaged in topics within the framing of their perceived position within the federation, specifically relating to the preferred position of their identity as Sarawakian first as opposed to Malaysian first. The formation of GPS as a local-based coalition has immensely benefited GPS since it is consistent with its agenda of “Sarawak First”. The study’s findings imply that there is consistency between the topics raised by Sarawakians during Sarawak’s term as an opposition state in 2018 and the themes contained in the GPS manifesto during the SSE21.","PeriodicalId":43145,"journal":{"name":"Kajian Malaysia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140250029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tungkus Asi Sebagai Variasi Lokal Politik Penaungan di Batang Ai Semasa Pilihan Raya Negeri Sarawak 2021","authors":"Anthony Tutong, N. Mersat","doi":"10.21315/km2024.42.s1.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/km2024.42.s1.8","url":null,"abstract":"This study explains the role of “tungkus asi” in strengthening the ruling party’s political power during the 2021 Sarawak State Election (SSE21) in Batang Ai. “Tungkus asi” is one of the local variations of patronage politics practised by the Iban at the grassroots level. During the 2016 Sarawak State Election “tungkus asi” played a role in the electoral victory of the candidate from Gabungan Parti Sarawak (GPS). In the SSE21, “tungkus asi” once again propelled the candidate from GPS to victory and thus strengthening the ruling party’s position in Batang Ai. This article looks at how “tungkus asi” was practised and its influence on the electoral support of the Iban towards the candidates. This article was based on a study conducted in Batang Ai which involved observation and interviews with the voters and “tuai rumah”. The study found that “tungkus asi” continued to play a prominent role in galvanising support from the voters. “Tungkus asi” remains relevant in the modern political era as it has become part and parcel of the political process and election among the Iban at the grassroots level. “Tungkus asi” not only consolidates GPS political power, but its practice also helps researchers and observers alike to understand the politics of patronage within the Iban voters.","PeriodicalId":43145,"journal":{"name":"Kajian Malaysia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140250628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peranan Biro Wanita dan Sayap Pemuda dalam Politik Pilihan Raya Semasa Pilihan Raya Negeri Sarawak 2021 di Tamin dan Meluan","authors":"Lucy Sebli-Seidelson, Awang Mashabi Awang Mohamad, Haslina Hashim","doi":"10.21315/km2024.42.s1.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/km2024.42.s1.9","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the electoral politics of the 2021 Sarawak State Election (SSE21), focusing on the Women’s Bureau and Youth Wing of Parti Rakyat Sarawak (PRS) and the Progressive Democratic Party (PDP). Using the framework of clientelism, the study investigates the interdependent relationships between the women’s bureau, youth wing and candidates. From the outset, it is evident that the provision of rewards and services by candidates both before and after the election played a significant role in consolidating the support of the women’s bureau and youth wing members, particularly towards the incumbent candidates. The research was conducted through observations and in-depth interviews with candidates, PRS and PDP representatives, women’s bureau and youth wing members, youth leaders, and community leaders, including tuai rumah and penghulu, in the State Legislative Assembly (SLA) of Meluan and Tamin.","PeriodicalId":43145,"journal":{"name":"Kajian Malaysia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140249571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The 2021 Sarawak State Election and Dayak Politics: Dayakism, Development and Division","authors":"Arnold Puyok","doi":"10.21315/km2024.42.s1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/km2024.42.s1.4","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyses the performance of the candidates and political parties contesting in the Dayak-majority constituencies in the 2021 Sarawak State Election. It explains why, despite the promotion of Dayak issues by Parti Sarawak Bersatu (PSB) and Pari Bumi Kenyalang (PBK) and the presence of ethnonationalist parties such as the Parti Bansa Dayak Sarawak Baru (PBDSB), the Dayak continued to support the ruling Gabungan Parti Sarawak (GPS). The article argues that the success of GPS in securing the Dayak support can be attributed to three reasons: first, GPS’s ability in accentuating the “Sarawak First” sentiment among the Dayak; second, the ruling coalition’s ability in dispensing tangible development and economic benefits to the Dayak; and third, the political division among the Dayak which weakened their representation and influence outside of GPS. In the larger scheme of things, even though the theory of ethnic party competition can be used to explain the growth and survival of ethnic-based parties and ethnic politics in West Malaysia, it is only partially applicable in Sarawak, as the dynamics of the Dayak politics shows.","PeriodicalId":43145,"journal":{"name":"Kajian Malaysia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140248143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The 2021 Sarawak State Election: The Rise of Gabungan Parti Sarawak and Prospects for Sarawak Politics","authors":"N. Mersat, Arnold Puyok, Farah Zaini","doi":"10.21315/km2024.42.s1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/km2024.42.s1.2","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the results of the 2021 Sarawak State Election (SSE21) and explains Gabungan Parti Sarawak’s (GPS) major victory. Analysts had predicted an unassailable success for GPS but stopped short of giving the coalition more than 70 seats (out of the 82 seats contested). This was due to restricted candidates’ movements caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, political uncertainties at the federal level and the challenges posed by newcomers such as Parti Sarawak Bersatu (PSB) and Parti Bumi Kenyalang (PBK). However, the results indicated otherwise: GPS did the unthinkable, winning more than 90% of the seats in the Sarawak State Legislative Assembly, including recapturing some of the traditional seats held by the opposition. Moreover, it turned out that the COVID-19 standard operating procedures (SOPs) were advantageous to GPS and disadvantageous to the opposition. The article also explores a host of other factors contributing to GPS’s rise such as the coalition’s incumbency advantage, low voting turnout and the unhappiness towards the opposition among some segments of voters. GPS’s sweeping win has cemented its position in local politics and has given it more leverage as a kingmaker at the federal level. Even though the future looks promising for GPS, the prevailing political conditions at the federal level and the changing mood of the electorates will set to test the coalition’s dominance in Sarawak.","PeriodicalId":43145,"journal":{"name":"Kajian Malaysia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140249042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intergenerational Ambivalence and Negotiations: Malaysian Chinese Family Dynamics in the Film The Journey","authors":"Wei Yee Chua, Shanthini Pillai, Liz Lay Shi Ng","doi":"10.21315/km2023.41.2.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21315/km2023.41.2.7","url":null,"abstract":"The millennium is witnessing the emergence of several key feature films produced by Malaysian producers-directors of Chinese ethnicity. Such Malaysian Chinese films comprise a majority of ethnic Chinese as lead actors, who converse predominantly in the Chinese language and consist of narratives that focus on the experiences of the Chinese community in Malaysia. This article seeks to analyse one such film, “The Journey”, directed by Chiu Keng Guan in 2014. In particular, through the film’s narrative, it aims to explore the extent to which this film visualises the possibilities of intergenerational negotiation and engagement as well as the implied issues of intergenerational and cultural differences. Using a conceptual framework that incorporates selected Confucian virtues, namely filial piety, benevolence and propriety, the discussion highlights the significant moments of intergenerational dialogue and engagements within the domestic context of a family. It concludes that the film provides a significant space to reflect on Malaysian Chinese intergenerational reciprocity through the negotiation of cultural differences between older and younger family members in the form of meaningful dialogue and engagement that lead to the realisation of Confucian ideals of intergenerational harmony intertwined with conjugality.","PeriodicalId":43145,"journal":{"name":"Kajian Malaysia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135929110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}