{"title":"Enabling Parallelism and Resource Sharing in Multi-core Component-Based Systems","authors":"Georgiana Macariu, V. Cretu","doi":"10.1109/ISORC.2011.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISORC.2011.39","url":null,"abstract":"Complex real-time embedded systems require guarantees regarding the assurance of their timing requirements. Such guarantees can be derived using advanced design and analysis methods. Many design solutions address the complexity of these systems using component-based techniques. In this paper we focus on resource sharing in component-based systems with several components executing on a multi-core processor. We consider that the tasks of each component can be scheduled on any core with the possibility of two tasks belonging to the same component executing in parallel. We propose the Parallel Hierarchical Resource Policy, a novel resource sharing policy for multi-core component-based systems. We also develop a detailed response-time based schedulability analysis for the individual components and for the composed system, assuming that intra- and inter-component resource sharing takes place.","PeriodicalId":431231,"journal":{"name":"2011 14th IEEE International Symposium on Object/Component/Service-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121531685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design Space Exploration of Object Caches with Cross-Profiling","authors":"Martin Schoeberl, Walter Binder, A. Villazón","doi":"10.1109/ISORC.2011.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISORC.2011.34","url":null,"abstract":"To avoid data cache trashing between heap-allocated data and other data areas, a distinct object cache has been proposed for embedded real-time Java processors. This object cache uses high associativity in order to statically track different object pointers for worst-case execution-time analysis. However, before implementing such an object cache, an empirical analysis of different organization forms is needed. We use a cross-profiling technique based on aspect-oriented programming in order to evaluate different object cache organizations with standard Java benchmarks. From the evaluation we conclude that field access exhibits some temporal locality, but almost no spatial locality. Therefore, filling long cache lines on a miss just introduces a high miss penalty without increasing the hit rate enough to make up for the increased miss penalty. For an object cache, it is more efficient to fill individual words within the cache line on a miss.","PeriodicalId":431231,"journal":{"name":"2011 14th IEEE International Symposium on Object/Component/Service-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131500722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Maximizing Service Uptime of Smartphone-Based Distributed Real-Time and Embedded Systems","authors":"Anushi Shah, Kyoungho An, A. Gokhale, Jules White","doi":"10.1109/ISORC.2011.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISORC.2011.10","url":null,"abstract":"Smart phones are starting to find use in mission critical applications, such as search-and-rescue operations, wherein the mission capabilities are realized by deploying a collaborating set of services across a group of smart phones involved in the mission. Since these missions are deployed in environments where replenishing resources, such as smart phone batteries, is hard, it is necessary to maximize the lifespan of the mission while also maintaining its real-time quality of service (QoS) requirements. To address these requirements, this paper presents a deployment framework called Smart Deploy, which integrates bin packing heuristics with evolutionary algorithms to produce near-optimal deployment solutions that are computationally inexpensive to compute for maximizing the lifespan of smart phone-based mission critical applications. The paper evaluates the merits of deployments produced by Smart Deploy for a search-and-rescue mission comprising a heterogeneous mix of smart phones by integrating a worst-fit bin packing heuristic with particle swarm optimization and genetic algorithm. Results of our experiments indicate that the missions deployed using Smart Deploy have a lifespan that is 20% to 162% greater than those deployed using just the bin packing heuristic or evolutionary algorithms. Although Smart Deploy is slightly slower than the other algorithms, the slower speed is acceptable for offline computations of deployment.","PeriodicalId":431231,"journal":{"name":"2011 14th IEEE International Symposium on Object/Component/Service-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116893343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Scheduling Multi Clock Real Time Systems: From Requirements to Implementation","authors":"Marie-Agnès Peraldi-Frati, Julien Deantoni","doi":"10.1109/ISORC.2011.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISORC.2011.16","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an approach for modeling simulating and analyzing multi clocks real time systems during the different steps of a design. These steps range from the first requirements to a model allocated on a specific execution platform. The UML MARTE profile and the CCSL language are used together to specify the causal and temporal characteristics of the software as well as the hardware parts of the system. The Time Square environment allows a simulation of such specification and the detection of potential errors and deadlocks. When the specification refinement is finished, to prove the specification correctness, the CCSL specification is used to generate a synchronous model and some observers in Esterel. We illustrate the approach through a spark ignition control system.","PeriodicalId":431231,"journal":{"name":"2011 14th IEEE International Symposium on Object/Component/Service-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121453176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Selection Method for Services in Dynamic Environments","authors":"Simone Meixler, U. Brinkschulte","doi":"10.1109/ISORC.2011.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISORC.2011.12","url":null,"abstract":"Service selection is one of the current challenges in Service Oriented Computing (SOC). We propose a service selection method for replacing used services in case of a failure. The approach considers the functional as well as the non-functional features of services. Furthermore, the service selection method searches for a service just meeting the requirements and not for the best possible service exceeding the requirements. This saves services having high QoS properties for clients really in need of them.","PeriodicalId":431231,"journal":{"name":"2011 14th IEEE International Symposium on Object/Component/Service-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122629413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Predictable Communication for Mobile Systems","authors":"U. Hentschel, Alexander Schmidt, A. Polze","doi":"10.1109/ISORC.2011.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISORC.2011.13","url":null,"abstract":"Many industrial and medical scenarios today are building on mobile devices as their end systems. These devices are typically connected to backend systems via the mobile phone network with their corresponding data services. Today's network protocols are optimized for reliable transfer of voice traffic, however, available bandwidth and latency for data traffic may vary significantly with location and motion speed of a mobile device. Within this paper, we report on experiences from our eHealth project \"Fontane\", where real-time streaming data from electrocardiographic devices has to be transferred from patient's home to doctors at a telemedicine center. In order to deal with varying bandwidth and transmission characteristics on the radio link, we propose a predictive model that allows for pro-active application reconfiguration in order to adapt to anticipated bandwidth variations. Our model is being integrated into a self-adaptive middleware for mobile communication. We present our initial study on network bandwidth estimation, which reveals that the measurement of the available bandwidth using standard end-to-end methods does not work well for mobile cellular networks due to a fairly high number of interference factors in wireless environments. We therefore propose a multilevel forecast model to better predict the network bandwidth of the immediate future.","PeriodicalId":431231,"journal":{"name":"2011 14th IEEE International Symposium on Object/Component/Service-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123118673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
JongYoung Kim, Heebyung Yoon, Sunghoon Kim, S. Son
{"title":"Fault Management of Robot Software Components Based on OPRoS","authors":"JongYoung Kim, Heebyung Yoon, Sunghoon Kim, S. Son","doi":"10.1109/ISORC.2011.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISORC.2011.41","url":null,"abstract":"Component-based robot development has been a vibrant research topic in robotics due to its reusability and interoperability benefits. However, robot application developers using robot components must invest non-trivial amount of time and effort applying fault tolerance techniques into their robot applications. Despite the need for a common, framework-level fault management, the majority of existing robot software frameworks has failed to provide systematic fault management features. In this paper, we propose a fault management method to detect, diagnose, isolate and recover faults based on the OPRoS software framework. The proposed method provides a collective, framework-level management for commonly encountered robot software faults, thereby reducing the application developers' efforts while enhancing the robot system reliability. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach, we have implemented a prototype reconnaissance robot using OPRoS components and injected different types of faults. The results of the experiments have shown that our approach effectively detects, diagnoses, and recovers component faults using the software framework.","PeriodicalId":431231,"journal":{"name":"2011 14th IEEE International Symposium on Object/Component/Service-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130236846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dynamic Quality of Service Management for Multicast Tactical Communications","authors":"M. Gillen, J. Loyall, Joshua Sterling","doi":"10.1109/ISORC.2011.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISORC.2011.11","url":null,"abstract":"Wireless networking is moving toward the adoption of IP protocols and away from the multitude of special-purpose tactical radios traditionally in the hands of emergency personnel, military personnel, and law enforcement. The adoption of standards, such as IP multicast, has facilitated this. IP multicast also enables recovering some of the advantages of the broadcast medium when using IP in tactical environments. However, the traditional Quality of Service (QoS) approaches for IP multicast fall short of satisfying the stringent QoS requirements in tactical environments, which typically have single-hop, line-of-sight connections. The reasons for this are (1) QoS in IP networks, frequently based on Differentiated Services, relies on routers to enforce the priorities which typically don't exist in tactical networks, and (2) QoS for tactical users needs to be enforced at the information level, not the packet level where the loss or delay of a single packet can invalidate an entire object of information. We present strategies for QoS management for IP multicast in tactical environments that provides information and user-level QoS and addresses the specific challenges of tactical radios (such as the lack of reliable capacity information). We present our solutions in the context of a tactical information broker that provides beyond line-of-sight information management in a theater of operations.","PeriodicalId":431231,"journal":{"name":"2011 14th IEEE International Symposium on Object/Component/Service-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing","volume":"127 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121492884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Accurate Measurement-Based WCET Analysis in the Absence of Source and Binary Code","authors":"Amine Marref, A. Betts","doi":"10.1109/ISORC.2011.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISORC.2011.25","url":null,"abstract":"Estimating the worst-case execution time (WCET) of real-time embedded systems is compulsory for the verification of their correct functioning. Traditionally, the WCET of a program is estimated assuming availability of the program's binary which is disassembled to reconstruct the program, and in some cases its source code to derive useful high-level execution information. However, in certain scenarios the program's owner requires that the binary of the program not be reverse-engineered to protect intellectual property, and in extreme situations, the program's binary is not available for the analysis, in which case it is substituted by program-execution traces. In this paper we show that we can obtain WCET estimates for programs based on runtime-generated or owner-provided time-stamped execution traces and without the need to access the source code or reverse-engineer the binaries of the programs. We show that we can provide very accurate WCET estimations using both integer linear programming (ILP) and constraint logic programming (CLP). Our method generates safe and tight WCET estimations for all the benchmarks used in the evaluation.","PeriodicalId":431231,"journal":{"name":"2011 14th IEEE International Symposium on Object/Component/Service-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing","volume":"201 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121896996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Modeling MARTE Sequence Diagram with Timing Pi-Calculus","authors":"W. Jin, Hanpin Wang, Meixia Zhu","doi":"10.1109/ISORC.2011.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISORC.2011.17","url":null,"abstract":"Modeling and Analysis of Real-Time and Embedded Systems specification (MARTE) is a profile of the Unified Modeling Language (UML) for model driven development of real-time and embedded systems. To describe formally the semantics of MARTE sequence diagram (MARTE SD), we introduce the timing pi-calculus, a new variant of the pi-calculus, in this paper. The good feature of the timing pi-calculus is that it can handle time elapse and timer events. We provide both its syntax and semantics. With the new calculus, we then model MARTE SD elements, and give their precise semantics. Our formal framework may facilitate the reliability and consistency analysis of MARTE SD design process.","PeriodicalId":431231,"journal":{"name":"2011 14th IEEE International Symposium on Object/Component/Service-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133310097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}